Monoclonalantibodies

Question 1

Explain what a it is.

Why are they chosen specifically?

Answer 1

B-lymphocyte of a mouse and tumor cell called myeloma cell fused together to produce hybridoma
b-white blood cell produce antibodies
tumor -divide easily grown easily
mono-one type of antibody and clonal hybridoma cloned to get lots of identical cells

Question 2

Explain 1 use of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 2

pregnancy test- only pregnant women have a hormone in wee
pregnancy sticks detect this hormone .
the bit of stick you wee on has antib to hormones with blue beads attached
test strip has more antibodies on it complimen..to hormone
pregnant-hormone binds to antibodies on blue beads urine moves up stick carrying hormone and beads to antibodies on the test strip bind to ab and blue beads get stuck on it = blue

Question 3

Explain 3 ways we can use monoclonal antibodies in medicine e.g cancer

Answer 3

c cells-have proteins(antigens) on surface arent found on normal cells-called tumour markers
DIAGNOSE CANCER
1.antibodies that ‘ll bind to tumour m labelled with radioactive element
2.given to patient thro drip ,go into blood carried around body
3.a bodies come into contact with c cells bind to tumour m
4.picture of patients body taken with special camera detects radioactivity,anywhere c cells show up bright spot
5.Dr know exactly where it is size if spreading
TARGET DRUGS TO CANCER CELLS
1.anti-cancer drug attached to m anti..
2.antibodies target specific cells (cancer ones)bc only bind to tumour m
3.Drug kills cancer cells but not normal body cells unlike radiotherapy
4.Side effects lower than radiotherapy
FIND BLOOD CLOTS
1.when blood clots proteins join together form solid mesh
2.m anti.. bind to these proteins/antigens
3.attach radioactive element to anti..
4.inject into body take pic with camera that picks up radiation=bright spot if blood clot
5.easily find a potentially harmful blood clot.