Antibodies and other medicines

Question 1

what are antibiotics?

How do they work?

Answer 1

used to treat bacterial infections
diff antibio… kill diff types of bacteria
inhibiting processes in bacterial cells ,inhibit building of b cell walls prevents b from dividing eventually kills them.

Question 2

why cant we use antibiotics on viruses?

Answer 2

reproduce using your body cells human host ,can’t kill human cells harmful to body.

Question 3

Name one antibiotic

Answer 3

Penicillin
Alexander Fleming clearing petri dishes containing bacteria noticed one dish had mould on it ,area around it bacteria-free.mould producing penicillin , killing b

Question 4

Explain the stages

Answer 4

pre clinical testing -human cells and tissues ,in vitro ,animal testing - toxicity ,dosage of drug
clinical testing-human volunteers ,healthy v to make sure drug doesnt have harmful side effects/safety when body working normally
selected ppl with illness given it check for optimum dose and effectiveness side effects
Ppl randomly put into 2 groups ,1 given new drug other given placebo(dummy drug)/or same drug
blind trial -patients given either new drug ,same or placebo but dont know,have placebo effect
double blind trial-doctor and patient dont know whether its the new drug,placebo r same one until results collected.
Large num of poeple given it ,no side effects then…
approved by medical agency drug license
wider testing for more side effects and long-term risks

Question 5

why is it useful to have a double blind trial and blind trial?

Answer 5

prevent Dr analysing and monitoring/patient from being subconsciously influenced by their knowledge.
Info more accurate and reliable.