Monilophytes Flashcards
what phylum are the monilophytes in?
monilophyta
what plants are in monilophyta?
ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails
what are the psilophytes
whisk ferns
what are characteristics of psilophytes?
no roots or leaves, homosporous, no transport tissue
what is synangium?
sporangium in psilophytes
what are equisetophytes
horsetails and scouring rushes
what deposits do equisetophytes have in their walls?
silica
what are the characteristics of equisetohytes?
homosporous, true stems and roots, nodes and internodes, ribbed stem, large air canals
what happens to the pith in equisetophytes when they reach maturity?
it breaks down
what are the polypodiophytes
ferns
what are the true leaves in ferns?
megaphylls
what are the true leaves in megaphylls?
fronds and fiddleheads
what kind of spores do they have?
both homo and heterosporous
what is the organization of tissue in a root?
phloem surrounded by xyelm, then cortex
what are the leaves in ferns?
C3, monocot with parallel venation
where is the sporangia located?
on the underside of a frond
where do you find clusters of sporangia?
sori
what is the reproductive cycle for polypodiophytes?
meiosis – spores — germinating spores – gametophytes – antheridium and archegonium — to zygote —- fiddlehead —sorous — insidium — sporangium —- meiosis
what shape is the gametophyte and what is it called in a polypodiophyte?
heart shaped called prothallus
what is the insidium?
protective layer around sorous?
what does the gametophyte have to help it stay attached to the substrate?
rhizoid
why do sperm in ferns need water to move?
to carry the antheridia to the archegonia
