Growth and Development Hormones

Question 1

differentiation

Answer 1

specialize into different tissues, organs, and specific plants

Question 2

morphogenesis

Answer 2

particular form and shape

Question 3

nutrients

Answer 3

elements necessary to grow properly plus energy

Question 4

vitamins

Answer 4

organic molecules that are synthesized by plants

Question 5

hormones

Answer 5

chemical signals produced by the plant

Question 6

growth regulators

Answer 6

chemicals that effect growth (include growth hormones)

Question 7

coenzymes

Answer 7

required for proper catalysts of an enzyme to function properly

Question 8

where is auxin produced?

Answer 8

at the tip of the plant but also produced in young plants and embryos inside seeds

Question 9

what is auxin

Answer 9

a major place of synthesis

Question 10

what does auxin promote?

Answer 10

stem elongation, cell division, lateral bud dormancy, adventitious root function, activity of vascular camb. and tissues, fruit development

Question 11

what does auxin inhibit?

Answer 11

leaf abscission

Question 12

what does auxin induce?

Answer 12

ethylene production

Question 13

transport in auxin

Answer 13

short distance mechanism called polar transport

Question 14

active processes mean

Answer 14

proton pumping

Question 15

tryptophan

Answer 15

hormone that takes this amino acid and modifies it to produce auxin

Question 16

what is the only naturally occurring auxin

Answer 16

IAA (indolecacitic acid)

Question 17

what are the major places of synthesis in gibberellins

Answer 17

roots and shoot meristem

Question 18

what are the effects of gibberellin?

Answer 18

promote stem elongation, stimulate enzyme production in germinating seeds, break dormancy

Question 19

what is the transport in gibberellin

Answer 19

nonpolar, bidirectional, phloem is the most important route

Question 20

what are the major places of synthesis in cytokinin

Answer 20

roots, seeds, fruits, young leaves

Question 21

what are the major effects of cytokinin?

Answer 21

promote cell division and tissue differentiation, bud formation and chloroplast development

Question 22

what does cytokinin delay?

Answer 22

leaf aging

Question 23

what does cytokinin inhibit?

Answer 23

lateral root formation

Question 24

what is the transport in cytokinin

Answer 24

non polar; xylem

Question 25

what is the major place of synthesis

Answer 25

mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits

Question 26

major places of synthesis in abscisic acid

Answer 26

mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits

Question 27

major effects of abscisic acid

Answer 27

inhibit bud growth, control stomatal closure, dormancy, inhibit effects of hormones

Question 28

what is the transport in abscisic acid

Answer 28

nonpolar; xylem and phloem

Question 29

what are the major places of synthesis in ethylene gas

Answer 29

all tissues are producing ethylene at various points in time

Question 30

even if ethylene is produced, there isn't always a response, why?

Answer 30

the tissues may not be capable of responding

Question 31

what are the major effects of ethylene?

Answer 31

control leaf, flower, and fruit abscission, promote senescence and fruit ripening, stimulate thickening of stem and root, decrease all elongation, stimulate increase in fiber and collenchyma production upon mechanical stress

Question 32

what is the transport of ethylene

Answer 32

diffusion through air

Question 33

what does brassinosteriods promote

Answer 33

cell expansion, vascular differentiation, pollen tube formation, senescence and fruit ripening

Question 34

what is the oligosaccharins

Answer 34

polysaccharides that yield short branched chains of sugar

Question 35

what are the effects of oligosaccharins?

Answer 35

defense against pathogens

Question 36

explain how oligoscaccharins work and what it triggers

Answer 36

triggers the production of phytodlexins which are anitmicrobial chemicals to block growth of bacteria when an insect bites the plant

Question 37

what is jasmonates an indication of?

Answer 37

the plant is going dormant

Question 38

what are the effects of jasmonate

Answer 38

inhibits growth, influences senescence, tendril coiling, flower development and leaf abscission

Question 39

what is jasmonate derived from

Answer 39

fatty acid

Question 40

where is strigolactane sythesised

Answer 40

roots and use caratenoid pathways

Question 41

what are the effects of strigolactane?

Answer 41

stimulate branching, and growth of mycorrhizal fungi

Question 42

what does strigolactane inhibit

Answer 42

shoot branching

Question 43

what does strigolactane trigger

Answer 43

germination of parasitic plant