Growth and Development Hormones Flashcards
differentiation
specialize into different tissues, organs, and specific plants
morphogenesis
particular form and shape
nutrients
elements necessary to grow properly plus energy
vitamins
organic molecules that are synthesized by plants
hormones
chemical signals produced by the plant
growth regulators
chemicals that effect growth (include growth hormones)
coenzymes
required for proper catalysts of an enzyme to function properly
where is auxin produced?
at the tip of the plant but also produced in young plants and embryos inside seeds
what is auxin
a major place of synthesis
what does auxin promote?
stem elongation, cell division, lateral bud dormancy, adventitious root function, activity of vascular camb. and tissues, fruit development
what does auxin inhibit?
leaf abscission
what does auxin induce?
ethylene production
transport in auxin
short distance mechanism called polar transport
active processes mean
proton pumping
tryptophan
hormone that takes this amino acid and modifies it to produce auxin
what is the only naturally occurring auxin
IAA (indolecacitic acid)
what are the major places of synthesis in gibberellins
roots and shoot meristem
what are the effects of gibberellin?
promote stem elongation, stimulate enzyme production in germinating seeds, break dormancy
what is the transport in gibberellin
nonpolar, bidirectional, phloem is the most important route
what are the major places of synthesis in cytokinin
roots, seeds, fruits, young leaves
what are the major effects of cytokinin?
promote cell division and tissue differentiation, bud formation and chloroplast development
what does cytokinin delay?
leaf aging
what does cytokinin inhibit?
lateral root formation
what is the transport in cytokinin
non polar; xylem
what is the major place of synthesis
mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits
major places of synthesis in abscisic acid
mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits
major effects of abscisic acid
inhibit bud growth, control stomatal closure, dormancy, inhibit effects of hormones
what is the transport in abscisic acid
nonpolar; xylem and phloem
what are the major places of synthesis in ethylene gas
all tissues are producing ethylene at various points in time
even if ethylene is produced, there isn’t always a response, why?
the tissues may not be capable of responding
what are the major effects of ethylene?
control leaf, flower, and fruit abscission, promote senescence and fruit ripening, stimulate thickening of stem and root, decrease all elongation, stimulate increase in fiber and collenchyma production upon mechanical stress
what is the transport of ethylene
diffusion through air
what does brassinosteriods promote
cell expansion, vascular differentiation, pollen tube formation, senescence and fruit ripening
what is the oligosaccharins
polysaccharides that yield short branched chains of sugar
what are the effects of oligosaccharins?
defense against pathogens
explain how oligoscaccharins work and what it triggers
triggers the production of phytodlexins which are anitmicrobial chemicals to block growth of bacteria when an insect bites the plant
what is jasmonates an indication of?
the plant is going dormant
what are the effects of jasmonate
inhibits growth, influences senescence, tendril coiling, flower development and leaf abscission
what is jasmonate derived from
fatty acid
where is strigolactane sythesised
roots and use caratenoid pathways
what are the effects of strigolactane?
stimulate branching, and growth of mycorrhizal fungi
what does strigolactane inhibit
shoot branching
what does strigolactane trigger
germination of parasitic plant
