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Botany > Growth and Development Hormones > Flashcards

Growth and Development Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

differentiation

A

specialize into different tissues, organs, and specific plants

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2
Q

morphogenesis

A

particular form and shape

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3
Q

nutrients

A

elements necessary to grow properly plus energy

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4
Q

vitamins

A

organic molecules that are synthesized by plants

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5
Q

hormones

A

chemical signals produced by the plant

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6
Q

growth regulators

A

chemicals that effect growth (include growth hormones)

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7
Q

coenzymes

A

required for proper catalysts of an enzyme to function properly

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8
Q

where is auxin produced?

A

at the tip of the plant but also produced in young plants and embryos inside seeds

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9
Q

what is auxin

A

a major place of synthesis

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10
Q

what does auxin promote?

A

stem elongation, cell division, lateral bud dormancy, adventitious root function, activity of vascular camb. and tissues, fruit development

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11
Q

what does auxin inhibit?

A

leaf abscission

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12
Q

what does auxin induce?

A

ethylene production

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13
Q

transport in auxin

A

short distance mechanism called polar transport

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14
Q

active processes mean

A

proton pumping

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15
Q

tryptophan

A

hormone that takes this amino acid and modifies it to produce auxin

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16
Q

what is the only naturally occurring auxin

A

IAA (indolecacitic acid)

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17
Q

what are the major places of synthesis in gibberellins

A

roots and shoot meristem

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18
Q

what are the effects of gibberellin?

A

promote stem elongation, stimulate enzyme production in germinating seeds, break dormancy

19
Q

what is the transport in gibberellin

A

nonpolar, bidirectional, phloem is the most important route

20
Q

what are the major places of synthesis in cytokinin

A

roots, seeds, fruits, young leaves

21
Q

what are the major effects of cytokinin?

A

promote cell division and tissue differentiation, bud formation and chloroplast development

22
Q

what does cytokinin delay?

A

leaf aging

23
Q

what does cytokinin inhibit?

A

lateral root formation

24
Q

what is the transport in cytokinin

A

non polar; xylem

25
Q

what is the major place of synthesis

A

mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits

26
Q

major places of synthesis in abscisic acid

A

mature green leaves (plastids); some fruits

27
Q

major effects of abscisic acid

A

inhibit bud growth, control stomatal closure, dormancy, inhibit effects of hormones

28
Q

what is the transport in abscisic acid

A

nonpolar; xylem and phloem

29
Q

what are the major places of synthesis in ethylene gas

A

all tissues are producing ethylene at various points in time

30
Q

even if ethylene is produced, there isn’t always a response, why?

A

the tissues may not be capable of responding

31
Q

what are the major effects of ethylene?

A

control leaf, flower, and fruit abscission, promote senescence and fruit ripening, stimulate thickening of stem and root, decrease all elongation, stimulate increase in fiber and collenchyma production upon mechanical stress

32
Q

what is the transport of ethylene

A

diffusion through air

33
Q

what does brassinosteriods promote

A

cell expansion, vascular differentiation, pollen tube formation, senescence and fruit ripening

34
Q

what is the oligosaccharins

A

polysaccharides that yield short branched chains of sugar

35
Q

what are the effects of oligosaccharins?

A

defense against pathogens

36
Q

explain how oligoscaccharins work and what it triggers

A

triggers the production of phytodlexins which are anitmicrobial chemicals to block growth of bacteria when an insect bites the plant

37
Q

what is jasmonates an indication of?

A

the plant is going dormant

38
Q

what are the effects of jasmonate

A

inhibits growth, influences senescence, tendril coiling, flower development and leaf abscission

39
Q

what is jasmonate derived from

A

fatty acid

40
Q

where is strigolactane sythesised

A

roots and use caratenoid pathways

41
Q

what are the effects of strigolactane?

A

stimulate branching, and growth of mycorrhizal fungi

42
Q

what does strigolactane inhibit

A

shoot branching

43
Q

what does strigolactane trigger

A

germination of parasitic plant

Botany (21 decks)

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