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Botany > Gymnosperms > Flashcards

Gymnosperms Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of plants are they?

A

vascular woody plants

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2
Q

where is the female gametophyte found?

A

Inside an ovule

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3
Q

these plants are referred to as the ?

A

naked seed plants

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4
Q

what is the integument?

A

the outer layer of an ovule

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5
Q

what is the nucellus made up of?

A

megasporangium with a single megaspore

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6
Q

what is the dominant generation?

A

sporophyte

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7
Q

what are spermatophyta?

A

plants that produce seeds

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8
Q

what are pollen grains?

A

male gametophytes

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9
Q

what kind of pollination?

A

insect pollination

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10
Q

what kind of sperm do ginkos have?

A

non-motile

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11
Q

what are cycads?

A

compound leaves

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12
Q

what make up phylum cycadophyta?

A

cycads

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13
Q

what do cycads look like?

A

trees with fern-like leaves that have no branching

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14
Q

what kind of trunks do cycads have?

A

non branched

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15
Q

cycads and ginkos have either tracheids or vessels?

A

tracheids

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16
Q

ginkos and cycads are what that means male and female plants separate

A

dioecious

17
Q

what pollinates cycads?

A

beetles

18
Q

woody sporophylls

A

core

19
Q

non woody sporophylls

A

strobilus

20
Q

ginko leaves are ….

A

notched, broad fan shaped; no midrib or prominent veins; dichotomously branched veins

21
Q

what kind of shoots do ginkgos have ?

A

long shoot, short shoot

22
Q

both cycads and ginkgos have what kind of sperm?

A

flagellated

23
Q

ginkgo seeds have fleshy coat but…

A

the seeds are not fruits

24
Q

what are the conifers?

A

phylum pinophyta

25
Q

what is the largest genus in pinophyta?

A

pinus

26
Q

what are the leaf characteristics on pinophytes?

A

needle or scale like ; arranged in clusters

27
Q

what are the leaf characteristics on pinophytes?

A

needle or scale like ; arranged in clusters; hypodermis

28
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

layer under the epidermis that helps keep water in; useful especially in the winter

29
Q

what kind of sperm do pinophytes have?

A

winged pollen

30
Q

pinophytes are both ___ and ____

A

monoecious, dioecious

31
Q

the mature ovule in a pinophyte is

A

a pinecone

32
Q

what are the gnetophyte?

A

phylum gnetophyta

33
Q

what are characteristics of gnetophyta?

A

vessels; double fertilization

34
Q

what is double fertilization?

A

where one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other fuses with another cell that provides food source

35
Q

what are the three genuses

A

ephedra, gnetum, and welwitschia

36
Q

ephedra are what ?

A

trees with highly reduced leaves

37
Q

gnetum are what?

A

tree-like species that grows in tropical regions

38
Q

what are welsitschia?

A

plants that grow in desert regions with 2 long strap shaped leaves that stay low to the ground

Botany (21 decks)

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