Fruits, Flowers and Seeds Flashcards
what is the stalk of an inflorescence
pedicel
what is the modified stem tip?
receptacle
the sepals are the individual units of what?
calyx
petals are
corolla
what is the sterile part of the flower?
the caylx and corolla
the male part of the flower is the _____ and the _____ is the female part of the flower
androecium and gynoecium
what is the stamen made up of?
the anther and the filament
anther turns into ____ which produces ___ sperm
pollen, 2
the pistil is made up of?
the stigma, style and ovary
the ovary produces ____ which produces ___ egg
ovule, 1
what are the two types of pistils?
simple and compound
a simple pistil has ____ chamber
one
a compound pistil has ____ chambers
multiple
the compound pistil is made up of multiple ____ that have fused together
carpals
ovary wall separate individual ____
locules
what are the three ovary positions?
hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous
hypogynous means…
attached below the ovary
perigynous means…
indermediately attached to the ovary
epigynous means…
attached on top of the ovary
what are the two symmetries?
radial and bilateral
radial symmetry means?
multiple ways to get equal halves
bilateral symmetry means?
on cut it one way to get equal halves
what are tepals?
where petals and sepals look identical
what is an incomplete modificiation?
missing one or more parts
what is imperfect modification?
type of incomplete flower
flower that has both sexes present?
synoecious
male flowers
staminate
female flowers
pistillate
produces male flowers and female flowers on the same plant
monoecious
produces only female or male parts
dioecious
collections/ aggregates of flowers
inflorescence
flowers outside tend to be _____
sterile
the first flower to develop is the
largest
the fruit is made up of the
ovary and the seed
development of the ovary into a fruit without a seed
pathenocarpic
the ovary wall is the
pericarp
outside
exocarp
inside
endocarp
middle
mesocarp
one flower, one ovary
simple
one flower, multiple ovaries
aggregate
multiple flowers each with their own ovary
mutiple
multiple flowers each with their own ovary
multiple
acessory fruit
more than just the ovary wall making up the fruit
what is a drup?
fruit with thin skin, hard endocarp that is sometimes called a stone
a drup has a ____ seed
single
an example of a drup with think skin and a hard endocarp is ?
peach
drups can also have ____ outside with a ____ seed that you eat
fleshy, single
what is an example of a drup with a single seed you eat?
black walnut
what is a fruit that has thin skin and a soft pericarp?
true berry
what is an example of a true berry?
grape
what fruit has a leathery skin that contains oils?
hesperidium
how do hesperidium fruits form?
outgrowths from the inner lining of the ovary wall become swollen with juice
the white part in a hesperidium is the what?
mesocarp
what fruits are hesperidium?
oranges, limes, lemon, grapefruit
what fruit has a relatively thick rind?
pepo
where does a pepo fruit develop from?
inferior ovary
a ____ is an example of an accessory fruit
pome
what is an example of a pome fruit?
apple
lots of petals that stay attached to the ovary and become fleshy
hypanthium
dry fruits that naturally split open
dehiscent
a dry fruit follicle splits along ____ line of dehiscence
one
what is an example of a follicle
milkweed
a legume opens along ___ lines of dehiscence
two
in a legume how many carpals?
one
what is an example of a legume
beans, peas, peanuts
a silique has ___ sutures and ___ carpals that are ____
2, 2, fused
when the fruit is mature in a silique, you get how many lines of dehiscence?
two
what is an example of a silique?
mustard family
dry fruits with three or more sutures
capsules
what is an example of a capsule
cacao
dry fruits that do not naturally open
indehiscent
when the fruit matures it does not naturally open up
achne
what is an example of an achne
sunflower seed
what is an example of a caryopsis
grains, grasses, corn, rice, oats, wheat
why are you unable to separate the fruit from the seed in a grain?
because the seed coat fuses with the ovary wall
helicopter seeds
samara
samara are the ___ fruits
winged
for a samara, at maturity the two ___ separate and the wings allow for proper dispersal
carpals
what are the different ways fruits and seeds disperse
wind, animal, water, mechanical
in a eudicot, the two halves of a seed are known as the
cotyledons
the cotyledon is the part of the embryo that ____ in a eudicot
stores food
first pair of leaves in a seed
plumule
embryonic root
radicle
small hole where the pollen tubes would have grown in the ovule
microphyle
where the seed was attached to the ovary wall
hilum
in a monocot seed, where is the food stored?
in the endosperm
shape of corn, pointing that allows it to grow through soil
coleoptile
shoot system
plumule
