Monera (e.g Bacteria) Flashcards
Unicellular
Made up of one cell only
Prokaryotic
Does NOT contain a nucleus
Flagella/Flagellum
Function = Movement
Pilus
Sticks to surfaces
Plasmid
Circular piece of DNA, for reproduction and drug resistance
Capsule
Protection
Nuclear Material
Single chromosome of DNA
Cell Wall
Gives shape & structure
Autotrophic
Makes its own food
Heterotrophic
Takes in food
Photosynthetic
Takes in food via light energy
Chemosynthetic
Takes in food via chemicals (e.g nitrifying bacteria)
Saprophytic
Feeds off dead/decaying organisms
Parasitic
Feeds off living organisms
How are bacteria classified?
By their shape - round, rod, spiral
Food Processing/Bioprocessing/Biotechnology
The use of living organisms to make consumable products
Bioreactor
A vessel/container in which biological reactions take place
Aerobic Bacteria
Require oxygen for respiration
Anaerobic bacteria
Do not require oxygen for respiration
Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria
Can ONLY respire in the absence of oxygen (e.g between teeth)
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria
Can respire with or without oxygen
Pathogen
A disease causing microorganism (bacteria, fungi, viruses)
Antibiotics
Substances produced by microorganisms that stop the growth of/kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue. Do not effect viruses.
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission. Asexual - No gametes/no male-female parts involved
Endospore
Bacteria can produce a tough wall when conditions are unfavourable. Cell breaks down, ES remains dormant until conditions are suitable
Antibiotic Resistance
