Cell Continuity Flashcards
Chromatin
Long thin strands - appear as such during interphase
Chromosomes
Thicker strands of DNA - appear as such during mitosis
Haploid nucleus
A nucleus that contains one set of chromosomes. N=___
Diploid nucleus
A nucleus that contains two sets of chromosomes. 2N = ___
Interphase
Part of the cell cycle - not dividing - producing necessary cells for mitosis
Mitosis
A form of cell division in which ONE nucleus divides to form TWO nuclei, each containing IDENTICAL sets of chromosomes.
Cell continuity
All cells develop from pre-existing cells / reproduce new versions of themselves
Prophase
First stage of mitosis. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase
Second stage of mitosis. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibres attach.
Anaphase
Third stage of mitosis. Spindle fibres contract.
Telophase
Final stage of mitosis. Cell pinches together, new nuclear membrane is formed.
Centriole
Where spindle fibres are produced.
Spindle fibres
Pull apart the genetic material during mitosis.
Centromere
The region on the chromosome where spindle fibres attach.
Cytokinesis
The process by which one cell physically divides into two cells. After telophase.
Cleavage furrow
A ‘pinch’ in the cells surface when the cell is beginning to divide. (Animal cell)
Cell plate
Vesicles/sacs of cellulose that form in the centre of a plant cell.
Middle lamella
Where the new cell walls develop. Cements these walls together. Divides the left and right cells
PMAT
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Function of mitosis in unicellular organisms
Reproduction
Function of mitosis in multicellular organisms
Growth and repair of cells
Cancer definition
A disorder where cells lose the ability to control the rate of mitosis
Carcinogen
A cancer causing agent of chemical (eg. Cigarette smoke, ultraviolet radiation, asbestos fibres)
Meiosis
A form of cell division in which one nucleus divides to form 4 nuclei, each containing half the number of chromosomes.
