Monarchy Flashcards
Romulus’ great grandfather and where he was king of?
Proca
King of Alba Longa
Proca’s children?
older: Numitor
younger: Amulius
Relationship of Numitor and Amulius to Romulus and Remus?
Numitor: grandfather
Amulius: evil great-uncle who stole Numitor’s throne
Numitor’s daughter?
Rhea Silvia (Ilia)
What did Amulius force Numitor’s daughter to become?
Vestal Virgin
Parents of Romulus and Remus?
Mars and Rhea Silvia
What happened directly after Romulus and Remus were abandoned at birth?
suckled by a she-wolf
Who were Romulus and Remus found by after being abandoned?
found by a shepherd named Faustulus
Adoptive parents of Romulus and Remus?
Faustulus and Acca Laurentia
Where did Romulus and Remus each set up?
Romulus: Palatine
Remus: Aventine
How many vultures did Romulus and Remus each see?
Romulus: 12
Remus: 6
What happened after Romulus and Remus’ bird watching competition?
Romulus was king!
Why was Remus killed?
Romulus killed him for jokingly jumping over the boundaries between their cities
Romulus’ wife?
Hersilia
What was Romulus’ first act?
to fortify the Palatine Hill
Where did Romulus live?
Palatine Hill
Who fortified the Palatine hill?
Romulus
What was the only foreign rite Romulus adopted?
The rite of sacrificing to Herculius
What did Romulus make the Capitoline hill?
An asylum for criminals
What were senators called during Romulus’ reign?
patres
What did Romulus create 100 of?
senatorial seats
What festival did Romulus institute?
Consualia
In whose honor did Romulus create a festival
Neptune or Consus
Whom did Romulus invite to his festival?
Sabines, Antmenae, Postumium and Caenina (the women from them)
Who seized the most beautiful girl?
Thalasius
What and why do Romans shout out at weddings?
They shout Thalasius because he seized the most beautiful girl
Who lead Caenina against Rome?
King Acron
What did Romulus receive when he killed Acron?
the first spolia opima (when a Roman commander slays an enemy commander with his own hands)
What did Romulus do directly after killing Acron?
took Acron’s armor to the Capitol
What and where was the first temple consecrated in Rome?
a temple to Jupiter Feretrius on the Capitol
Who consecrated the first temple in Rome?
Romulus
Who among the attendants to Consualia also attacked Rome and was defeated by Romulus?
Postumium
Who was the king of the Sabines?
Titus Tatius
Who was the commander of the Roman citadel when Titus Tatius attacked Rome?
Spurius Tarpeius
What happened to Tarpeia?
she was bribed by Titus Tatius to open the gates
How was Tarpeia killed?
The Sabines threw their shields at her after she let them in, she fell of the Tarpeian rock (named after her)
Who was the Sabine champion?
Mettius Curtius
What happened to the Sabine champion?
he was bogged down in a swamp by his horse, which lends the lake the name Lacus Curtius
Who was the Roman champion?
Hostius Hostilius
Who was the grandfather of Tullus Hostilius?
Hostius Hostilius
When Romulus’ forces were retreating, who did he pray to?
Jupiter Stator
Who co-ruled with Romulus?
Titus Tatius
What were the three “tribes” created under Romulus?
centuries of knights
What were the separate names for the three tribes created under Romulus?
The Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres
Where was Titus Tatius murdered?
Lavinium
Why was Titus Tatius murdered?
because some of his kinsmen had attacked envoys from Lavinium
What did Romulus do instead of avenging Titus Tatius?
He concluded a treaty with Lavinium
With whom did Rome sign a treaty with and for how long under Romulus’ reign?
The Veii for 100 years
After what event did Rome sign a treaty under Romulus?
after defeating the Veii and Fidenae
What was Romulus’ 300 person cavalry called?
the Celeres
What supposedly happened to Romulus?
taken up to heaven by a storm
With whom did Romulus speak with before his death?
the wise senator Julius Proculus
What probably happened to Romulus?
killed by the senators
years of Numa Pompilius’ reign?
717-673 BC
Where was Numa Pompilius born?
at Cures
Who was Numa Pompilius’ father?
Pomponius
Who was the daughter of Titus Tatius?
Tatia
Who was Numa Pompilius married to?
Tatia
Who was Numa Pompilius’ daughter?
Pompilia
What did Numa Pompilius build?
the Temple of Janus
What did it mean when the Temple of Janus was closed?
Rome was at peace
What did Numa Pompilius divide the year into and it what did it do?
12 lunar months, fixed the calendar
What kind of college did Numa Pompilius establish?
established priestly colleges along with the flamines
what did the flamines include?
the flamen dialis (priests of Jupiter), the flamen martialis (priests of Mars), and the flamen quirinalis (priests of Quirinus, the deified Romulus)
What did Numa Pompilius import from Alba Longa?
the cult of Vesta
What 12 priests did Numa Pompilius introduce?
the Salii- the jumping/dancing persists of Mars Gradivus
What did the Salii carry?
ancilia (sacred shields)
What temple did Numa Pompilius consecrate and where?
Jupiter Elicius on the Aventine
To what did Numa Pompilius dedicate a national ceremony?
troth keeping
What lawful and unlawful days did Numa Pompilius fix and for what?
fas and nefas for conducting business
Whom did Numa Pompilius appoint as pontifex maximus
Numa Marcius
Who did Numa Pompilius visit for advice?
the nymph Egeria
years of Tullus Hostilius?
673-641 BC
Where was Tullus Hostilius born?
Rome
Who was Tullus Hostilius’ grandfather?
Hostius Hostillius, who died fighting the Sabines during the reign of Romulus
What trait did Romulus and Tullus Hostilius have in common?
both raised by shepherds
What government building did Tullus Hostilius build the first of?
The Curia Hostilia, Rome’s first senate house
Where did Tullus Hostilius build his palace?
The Caelian hill
Where did Tullus Hostilius defeat the Sabines?
Mantrap Wood
What caused the war with Alba Longa?
a series of reciprocal cattle raids
Who was the king of Alba Longa?
Cluilius
Which commander succeeded Cluilius as king of Alba Longa?
Mettius Fufettius
What happened to Mettius Fufettius?
Tullus Hostilius had him drawn and quartered
Where did the Horatii triplets fight for?
Rome
Where did the Curiatii triplets fight for?
Alba Longa
Which Horatius remained after the battle?
Publius Horatius
Why did Horatius’ sister, Horatia, weep?
She was engaged to one of the deceased Curiatii
What happened when Horatia wept?
Publius Horatius killed her
What happened after the Horatii defeated the Curiatii?
The Romans and Albans concluded a treaty
Who were the Albans supposed to help Rome fight?
the Fidenae and Veii
What did the Albans do instead of helping the Romans in their fight?
Fufettius waited to see who would win
What happened after Mettius Fufettius refused to help Rome?
He was drawn and quartered for his treachery
How did Rome double its population?
by transferring Alba Longa’s population to their own
What did Rome do to Alba Longa?
sacked and destroyed it
How did Tullus Hostilius die?
struck by a lightning bolt?
Why did Tullus Hostilius die?
for performing the rites of Jupiter Elicius improperly
years of Ancus Marcius’ reign?
640-616 BC
Who was the mother of Ancus Marcius?
Pompilia
Who is Ancus Marcius’ grandfather?
Numa Pompilius
Who built the Pons Sublicius?
Ancus Marcius
What infamous structure did Ancus Marcius build?
Tullianum
What was the Tullianum?
The infamous dungeon of the Mamertine
What city was founded by Ancus Marcius?
the port city of Ostia
What was constructed in Ostia?
salt works
What class was created by Ancus Marcius?
the plebeian class
Which hill was added by Ancus Marcius?
the Janiculum Hill
Which legal procedure did Ancus Marcius adopt and for what purpose?
ius fetiale, a legal procedure for declaring war
Where was ius fetiale from?
the tribe of the Aquicolae
What happened in the ius fetiale?
after 33 days of discussion, the Fetial priests would throw a spear into enemy territory
What trench did Ancus Marcius build?
Quirites’ trench
What forest did Ancus Marcius add to Rome and to where did this extend the boundaries to?
The Maesian forest extended Roman holdings to the Mediterranean Sea
years of the Tarquinius Priscus’ reign?
616-579 BC
Who was Rome’s first Etruscan king?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who was the father of Tarquinius Priscus?
Demaratus of Corinth
What was Tarquinius Priscus’s original name?
Lucumo
To whom was Tarquinius Priscus an important advisor?
Ancus Marcius
What allowed Tarquinius Priscus to become king rather than Ancus Marcius’ sons?
His sons were on vacation
Who killed Tarquinius Priscus?
the sons of Ancus Marcius
How was Tarquinius Priscus killed?
axe blow to the head
What happened to the sons of Ancus Marcius?
they voluntarily went into exile to Suessia Pomitia
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ wife?
Tanaquil
What did Tanaquil notice about Tarquinius Priscus when they were going to Rome?
that an eagle was flying around his head
What did Tanaquil predict after their journey to Rome?
that Tarquinius Priscus would become king
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ brother?
Arruns
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ nephew
Egerius, son of Arruns
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ son?
Arruns
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ other son and who did he eventually become?
Lucius, eventually Tarquinius Superbus
What original idea did Tarquinius Priscus have, although it was actually carried out by another king?
he had an idea for a wall around a city
What temple did Tarquinius Priscus lay the foundation for?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Who built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Priscus
What had to be done before the Cloaca Maxima could be built?
Tarquinius Priscus had to drain the forum
What was Tarquinius Priscus planning to do until his augur convinced him otherwise?
he was going to add mounted troops to the army
Who was Tarquinius Priscus’ augur?
Attius Navius
How did Tarquinius Priscus’ augur convince him?
by cutting a whetstone with a razor
What did Tarquinius Priscus do instead of adding mounted troops?
he only doubled the number of knights
What town did Tarquinius Priscus capture and from who?
the town of Apiolae from the Latins
years of Servius Tullius’ reign?
578-535 BC
Servius Tullius was the first king to be chosen as king how?
without the consultation of the plebs
What did Tanaquil see that was special about Servius Tullius?
his head spontaneously burst into flame (red haired)
What did Tanaquil do after she noticed Servius Tullius’ peculiar trait?
raised him as a prince, interpreting his head flame as a sign that he would one day become king
Who was Servius Tullius’ father?
The prince of Corniculum, Servius Tullius
Who was allowed to live with Tanaquil?
Servius Tullius the Elder’s wife
How did Tanaquil respond to Tarquinius Priscus’ death?
she said he was merely ill and made Servius Tullius regent, which eventually became a permanent thing
What were the names of Servius Tullius’ daughters?
they were both named Tullia
Who did Servius Tullius’ daughters marry?
they married Arruns and Lucius
Who was Servius Tullius later associated with?
the Etruscan king Mastarna
Who took the first census?
Servius Tullius
What did the first census do?
divided the Roman people into five classes
How many people were counted in the first census?
80,000
What did Servius Tullius do in addition to dividing the people into five classes?
he divided Rome into four regions
Which hills did Servius Tullius add to Rome?
the Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquiline
Where did Tullius live?
the Esquiline
What did Tullius build around Rome?
the Servian Wall (originally Tarquinius Priscus’ idea)
What did Tarquinius Priscus build of the Aventine?
a Temple of Diana
Who did Tullia conspire with and to do what?
Tarquinius Superbus to murder her sister and take the throne from her father, Servius Tullius
How was Servius Tullius killed?
he was run over by a chariot driven by Tarquinius Superbus and Tullia
Where did Servius Tullius die?
the Via Scelarata
years of Tarquinius Superbus’ reign?
535-510 BC
Who was Tarquinius Superbus’ son-in-law?
Mamillius Octavius
Where did Tarquinius Superbus’ son-in-law fight?
Mamillius Octavius fought for the Latins against the Roman Republic at Lake Regillus in 496 BC
Where did Tarquinius Superbus get spoils from?
The conquest of Suessia Pomitia
What did Tarquinius Superbus use the spoils for?
to build the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Who was worshipped in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximis?
the Capitole triad (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva)
Who did Tarquinius Superbus frame?
Turnus Herdonius of Aricia
Where did Tarquinius Superbus call a meeting for the Latin leaders?
The Grove of Ferentia
What happened at the meeting for Latin leaders?
Tarquinius Superbus showed up late, and Turnus Herdonius started to berate him
How did Tarquinius Superbus frame Turnus Herdonius?
he put weapons in his camp and executed him as a traitor
Who did Tarquinius Superbus fight and send his son to?
Gabii
What happened to the Gabii?
they were sacked by Tarquinius Superbus?
Who was Tarquinius Superbus’ nephew, the son of his sister Tarquinia?
Lucius Junius Brutus
Who did Tarquinius Superbus send to consult the oracle?
Brutus (his nephew), Titus, and Arruns (his two sons)
What did they consult the oracle about?
a snake coming out of a crack in a pillar in the palace
What city did Tarquinius Superbus besiege?
The Rutulian city of Ardea
What did Tarquinius Superbus obtain, but only after some were destroyed?
the Sybilline books (only after he let some burn)
Where did Tarquinius Superbus and his two sons go into exile?
Caere
Where did Tarquinius Superbus die?
Caere
What happened to Arruns after being exiled?
he fought against Rome
What war did Tarquinius Superbus begin?
a 200 year long war against the Volscians
years of Romulus’ reign?
753-717 BC
