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Customs Flashcards

1
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the cursus honorum?

A

course of honors - steps you take to make it to the highest jobs (from bottom to top - quaestor, praetor, consul)

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2
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the consul?

A

two men - executives - elected yearly

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3
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the praetor?

A

judges (8 elected yearly)

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4
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the quaestor?

A

treasurers (20 elected yearly)

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5
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the aedile?

A

in charge of roads and public games (4 elected yearly)

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6
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the censor?

A

2 elected every five years for 18 months - in charge of taking the census and public morals

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7
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the dictator?

A

had absolute power in times of emergency; normally ruled 6 months maximum

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8
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the magister equitum?

A

master of the horse/cavalry - assistant to dictator

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9
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the senator?

A

must be a praetor to enter - for life

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10
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the tribune?

A

10 elected yearly - only plebeians can run - can veto the senate

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11
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patricians/optimates?

A

highest class

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12
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the equites?

A

business class

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13
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the plebians/populares?

A

lower class

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14
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patron?

A

patron

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15
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the cliens?

A

client

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16
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the salutatio?

A

visit of client to patron’s house

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17
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the sportula?

A

cold food basket given to client when he is received by patron in his atrium

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18
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the deductio?

A

patron leads clients to forum

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19
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the paterfamilias?

A

head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves and property)

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20
Q

In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patria potestas?

A

power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family

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21
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the metae?

A

turning posts

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22
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the spina?

A

backbone around which they raced

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23
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the ova et delphines?

A

eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters

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24
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the number of laps in a usual race?

A

7

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25
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the maximum number of people that could be held in the circus maximus?

A

250,000

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26
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the ludi circenses?

A

chariot races

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27
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the factiones?

A

racing companies

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28
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the colors of the factiones?

A

red (russata), white (albata), blue (veneta), green (prasina)

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29
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the original factiones?

A

red, white

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30
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the longest lasting factiones?

A

blue, green

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31
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the circus maximus is between which two hills?

A

the Palatine and Aventine hills

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32
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the white cloth dropped to start race?

A

mappa

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33
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the biga?

A

2 horse chariot; quadriga - 4 horse chariot; auriga - charioteer

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34
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the curriculum?

A

successfully completed lap

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35
Q

In Chariot Racing, what was/were the carceres?

A

starting gates

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36
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Myrmillones?

A

fought with helmet, oblong shield, sword, fish crest on helmet. Usually fought the retiarius or Thracians.

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37
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Retiarii?

A

lightly clad, armed with a net and trident. Usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores.

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38
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Samnites?

A

oblong shield, visored helmet, sword.

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39
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Thracians?

A

small round shield, curved scimitar.

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40
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Bestiarii?

A

hunters - fought wild beasts

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41
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Essedarii?

A

rode chariots with 2 horses.

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42
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Andabatae?

A

heavily armed, but can’t see out of visored helmet.

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43
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Laquearii?

A

armed with lasso and a curved piece of wood.

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44
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Secutores?

A

“pursuers” - like Samnite but without the neck protector

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45
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Hoplomachi?

A

full-armed with a breast-plate and visored helmet.

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46
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the rudis?

A

wooden sword given to gladiators on their retirement.

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47
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the lanista?

A

gladiator trainer.

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48
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the editor munerum?

A

giver of games.

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49
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the arena/harena?

A

sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match.

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50
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the venationes?

A

hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts.

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51
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the premere pollicem?

A

to press the thumb against the forefinger - crowd wants to spare gladiators life

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52
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the vertere pollicem?

A

turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke

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53
Q

In Gladiator Games, when were the gladiator fights were brought to Rome?

A

in 264 BC

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54
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the gladiator fights originally for?

A

funerals

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55
Q

In Gladiator Games, what was/were the naumachiae?

A

mock naval battles - they flooded the arena

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56
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the apodyterium?

A

dressing room

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57
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the hypocausta?

A

furnace

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58
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the caldarium?

A

hot bath

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59
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the frigidarium?

A

cold bath

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60
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the unctorium?

A

scraping room/ massage

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61
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the strigil?

A

scraper

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62
Q

In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the palaestra?

A

exercise area

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63
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the ludus?

A

elementary school

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64
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the litterator?

A

elementary school teacher

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65
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the paedagogus?

A

slave who carries books to school

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66
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the grammaticus?

A

upper school teacher

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67
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the rhetor?

A

teacher of public speaking

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68
Q

In a Roman School, what was/were the stylus and tabula (tabella)?

A

pen and notebook

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69
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the century?

A

smallest unit of a legion

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70
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the maniple?

A

double a century (later dropped in favor of a cohort)

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71
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the cohort?

A

6 times a century

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72
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the legion?

A

basic fighting unit of the Roman army

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73
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the contubernium?

A

6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)

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74
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the dux?

A

general

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75
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the imperator?

A

victorious general

76
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the legatus?

A

legionary commander

77
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the centurio?

A

leader of a century

78
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the optio?

A

2nd in command to a centurio

79
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the toga picta?

A

worn by victorious generals

80
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the tesserae?

A

passwords

81
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the signum?

A

standard

82
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the signifier?

A

holder of standard (of a century or cohort)

83
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the aquila?

A

silver or bronze eagle-standard (of a legion)

84
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the aquilifer?

A

holder of the eagle

85
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the cornicen?

A

horn blower

86
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the vexillum?

A

flag

87
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the pedites?

A

infantry

88
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the equites?

A

cavalry

89
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the scorpio?

A

dart thrower (standing crossbow used by one man)

90
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the ballista?

A

dart or stone throwing siege engine, larger than a scorpio

91
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the onager?

A

siege engine (like a catapult), threw boulders; means “wild ass” for its kick

92
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the catapulta?

A

siege engine which hurled javelins

93
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the gladius?

A

sword

94
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the scutum?

A

shield

95
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the galea?

A

helmet (originally only made of leather)

96
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the cassis?

A

helmet (originally only made of metal)

97
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the hasta?

A

spear (used by triarii and hastati)

98
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the lorica?

A

leather breastplate

99
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the cingulum?

A

military belt

100
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the caligae?

A

boots

101
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the sarcina?

A

soldier’s cloak/blanket

102
Q

In a Roman Army, what was/were the pugio?

A

dagger

103
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the tunica recta?

A

white wedding dress

104
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the flammeum?

A

“saffron” colored veil

105
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the sponsalia?

A

engagement

106
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the dos?

A

dowry

107
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the “ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia”?

A

what bride says at ceremony - “where you are, my husband, I am

108
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what would a girl do the night before wedding?

A

a girl would dedicate her bulla to the Lares

109
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the pronuba?

A

matron of honor

110
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the bad luck to marry on?

A

the kalends, nones, ides (and the day after each) of any month; all of May and half of June were all unlucky days; also unlucky, the days the lower world was supposed to open: August 24, October 5, November 8.

111
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the usus?

A

common law marriage

112
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the coemptio?

A

fictitious sale of the bride

113
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the confarreatio?

A

upper class marriage ceremony

114
Q

In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the deductio?

A

procession of wedding party to forum

115
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Pontifex Maximus?

A

chief priest, elected for life

116
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Vestal Virgins?

A

start at age 6 - (30 years) learn job for 10 years, work as Vestal for 10 years, teach for 10 years - keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents, etc. safe; only man allowed in temple (which is round) is Pontifex Maximus

117
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the auspex?

A

priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)

118
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the augur?

A

same as auspex

119
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the haruspex?

A

checks guts of animals for omens (2 hearts are bad…)

120
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Salii?

A

priests of Mars

121
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Lares?

A

household gods

122
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Lararium?

A

shrine for Lares

123
Q

In Roman Religion, what was/were the Penates?

A

gods of cupboards

124
Q

In Roman Names, what was/were the praenomen?

A

first name

125
Q

In Roman Names, what was/were the nomen?

A

family name

126
Q

In Roman Names, what was/were the cognomen?

A

name for branch of family

127
Q

In Roman Names, what was/were the agnomen?

A

earned name

128
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the subligaculum?

A

underwear

129
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the tunica?

A

worn by all (like long t-shirt)

130
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga praetexta?

A

worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with purple stripe)

131
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga virilis?

A

all white - worn by men over 1

132
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga pura?

A

same as toga virilis

133
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga libera?

A

same as toga virilis (boys gave up their toga praetexta on the Liberalia)

134
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga candida?

A

worn by men running for office; bright white (chalk)

135
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga pulla?

A

worn by men in mourning (called sordidati)

136
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the stola?

A

women’s dress

137
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the palla?

A

women’s shawl

138
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the fibula?

A

broach, pin

139
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the bulla?

A

child’s good luck charm

140
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the calceus?

A

shoe (for outdoors)

141
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the solea?

A

sandal for indoors

142
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the petasus?

A

broad –brimmed hat

143
Q

In Roman Clothing, what was/were the pileus?

A

cap of freedom

144
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the atrium?

A

entry hallway/large meeting room

145
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the compluvium?

A

hole in roof of atrium - allows water i

146
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the impluvium?

A

basin that catches water

147
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the alae?

A

wings off atrium

148
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the imagines?

A

bust of ancestors, housed in alae

149
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the tablinum?

A

master’s office

150
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the triclinium?

A

dining room

151
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the culina?

A

kitchen

152
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the cubiculum?

A

bedroom

153
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the peristylium?

A

outdoor garden with columns

154
Q

In a Roman House, what was/were the hortus?

A

regular garden

155
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the ientaculum?

A

breakfast

156
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the prandium?

A

lunch

157
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the thermopolium?

A

place to buy hot, fast food

158
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the cena?

A

dinner

159
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the garum, liquamen?

A

fish sauce

160
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the secunda mensa?

A

dessert

161
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the gustatio, promulsis, antecena?

A

appetizer

162
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mulsum?

A

wine mixed with honey

163
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mulsa?

A

fermented honey and water

164
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mustum?

A

grape juice

165
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the acetum?

A

vinegar

166
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the comissatio?

A

drinking party

167
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the rex bibendi?

A

master of the drinking (he decides the games, etc.)

168
Q

In a Roman Meal, what was/were the seating?

A

Romans reclined on their left side; there were 3 couches, each seating 3 people.

169
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the Via Appia?

A

Appian Way - from Rome to Capua early on, then extended to Brundisium; known as the queen of the roads - “regina viarum” - built by Appius Claudius Caecus in 312 B

170
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the Via Sacra?

A

road which ran through the forum

171
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the Mare Nostum?

A

“our sea” - Mediterranea

172
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the Patria potestas?

A

power of father over familia

173
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the Pater familias?

A

head of family

174
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the basilica?

A

law court

175
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the curia?

A

senate house

176
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the cloaca maxima?

A

great sewer

177
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the insulae?

A

apartment buildings

178
Q

In Roman Culture, what was/were the vigiles?

A

firemen/police

179
Q

In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the cisium?

A

lightweight, 2 wheeled vehicle

180
Q

In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the raeda?

A

4 wheeled carriage, comfortable and large

181
Q

In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the lectica?

A

litter (carried by 4 slaves)

182
Q

In Roman Funerals, what was/were the praeficae?

A

professional mourners

183
Q

In Roman Funerals, what was/were the neniae?

A

dirges

184
Q

In Roman Funerals, what was/were the conclamatio?

A

oldest son shakes father 3 times and calls his name

185
Q

In Roman Funerals, what was/were the sarcophagus?

A

stone coffin

186
Q

In Roman Funerals, what was/were the columbarium?

A

underground chamber for urns holding the ashes of a cremated person

► Quiz Bowl (38 decks)

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