Level 3

Question 1

Who am I? Horace said that I could play any musical instrument. I was the mother of the Orpheus by Apollo. I was the muse of epic or heroic poetry.
Bonus: What mountain served as the home to the Muses?

Answer 1

CALLIOPE

MT. HELICON

Question 2

What is the difference between salutatio and laudatio?

Bonus: What is the difference between conclamatio and lustratio?

Answer 2

SALUTATIO - “GREETING BY CLIENTS IN THE MORNING” and LAUDATIO - “PRAISE OF THE DECEASED AT A FUNERAL”
CONCLAMATIO - “CALLING THE NAME OF THE DEAD AT A FUNERAL” and LUSTRATIO - “CEREMONY AT WHICH A CHILD RECEIVED A NAME”

Question 3

After si, nisi, ne and num, what is the meaning of quid?

Bonus: What is the typical form of quid?

Answer 3

ANYTHING

ALIQUID

Question 4

Responde Anglice: Post primum bellum Punicum, qua insula Romani potiti sunt?
Bonus: Who served as a corrupt governor of Sicily in 70 BC and by whom was he prosecuted?

Answer 4

SICILY

VERRES WAS PROSECUTED BY CICERO

Question 5

Who am I? I believed that the laws of heaven were more important than the laws of man so I defied King Creon’s orders and buried my brother, who had attacked Thebes. I was eventually buried alive for my crime and I commited suicide.
Bonus: In what Greek tragedian’s play by the same name is this story presented?
Bonus 2: Antigone was part of a trilogy of the ill-fated royal house of Thebes. What was the name of the first play in this trilogy?

Answer 5

ANTIGONE
SOPHOCLES
OEDIPUS REX

Question 6

Why was Styx, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, rewarded by being made a river by which the gods swear unbreakable oaths?
Bonus: One of the daughters of Styx was named Nike. Of what was Nike the goddess?

Answer 6

FOR COMING TO ZEUS’ AID WHEN THE TITANS ATTACKED

VICTORY

Question 7

What is the difference in meaning between cum, dum, and tum?

Bonus: What about aut and autem

Answer 7

CUM - “WITH OR WHEN, SINCE, ALTHOUGH” and DUM - “WHILE, UNTIL” and TUM - “THEN”
AUT - “OR” and AUTEM - “HOWEVER”

Question 8

When Philip of Macedon wrote to the magistrates of Sparta he said “If I enter your territory, I will level Sparta to the ground.” The Spartans simply replied, “If.” Is the Spartan response an example of laconic, stentorian, or thersitical speech?
Bonus: What is stentorian speech?

Answer 8

LACONIC

LOUD or BOOMING

Question 9

In what year was Catiline killed in battle?

Bonus: In what town located “in faucibus Etruriae” did he keep his Manlian camp?

Answer 9

62 BC

FAESULAE or FIESOLE

Question 10

Identify the common bond: Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos.

Bonus: Identify the common bond: Pemphredo, Enyo, and Deino.

Answer 10

THE FATES

THE GRAIAE

Question 11

The Latin phrase Festina lente is an example of what figure of speech?
Bonus: What about Ad astra per aspera?

Answer 11

OXYMORON or PARADOX

HYPERBOLE or ALLITERATION (ASSONANCE?)

Question 12

Which Julio-Claudian emperor was known for his scholarship, particularly in writing histories?
Bonus: One lost history of Claudius would have provided us with valuable information regarding what other Italian civilization?

Answer 12

CLAUDIUS

ETRUSCAN

Question 13

What is epigraphy?

Bonus: What is paleography?

Answer 13

THE STUDY OF INSCRIPTIONS

THE STUDY OF HANDWRITING ON PAPYRUS AND TABLETS

Question 14

What was the name for a stage on which dramatic performances would be held?
Bonus: What were the caveae?

Answer 14

SCAENA

BANKS (WEDGES) OF SEATS

Question 15

Give the correct form of the relative pronoun in this sentence: Certamen, which is very competitive, is popular in Virginia.
Bonus: Every year there are several certamina in which we can participate. Give the correct form of the relative pronoun.

Answer 15

QUOD

(IN) QUIBUS

Question 16

What torture would Procrustes inflict upon unwitting passers-by?
Bonus: Who finally put Procrustes out of our misery?

Answer 16

STRETCH THEM OR CHOP THEM TO FIT HIS BED

THESEUS

Question 17

The English word grotesque, orginally reffering to grottos, was applied to what cavernous structure built by Nero after the Great Fire of Rome?
Bonus: In what year was this fire?

Answer 17

DOMUS AUREA

AD 64

Question 18

By what other name whose origin lies in mythology is the strait called the Dardanelles known?
Bonus: How did Helle come to drown in this strait?

Answer 18

HELLESPONT

SHE FELL OFF THE RAM CARRYING HER AND HER BROTHER PHRIXUS WHILE FLEEING FROM HER FATHER AND STEP- MOTHER

Question 19

Longfellow wrote in his Psalm of Life (1839): “Lives of great men all remind us/ We can make our lives sublime,/ And, departing, leave behind us/ Footprints in the sands of time.” What Latin phrase borrowed from Hippocrates reflects this spirit?
Bonus: What Horatian phrase for Robert Herrick’s: “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,/ Old Time still is flying,/ And this same flower that smiles today/ Tomorrow will be dying.”?

Answer 19

ARS LONGA, VITA BREVIS

CARPE DIEM

Question 20

What mythological couple was saved from a great flood caused by Zeus and were told to repopulate the earth by throwing the bones of their mother over their shoulders?
Bonus: Who was their child, the founder of the Greek race?

Answer 20

DEUCALION AND PYRRHA

HELLEN

Question 21

Identify the common bond: Orpheus with his lyre, Hercules with his club, Aeneas with the golden bough.
Bonus: Mortals who were not properly buried suffered what fate?

Answer 21

MORTALS ALLOWED TO PASS THE RIVER STYX

SOULS FORCED TO WANDER THE EARTH FOR 100 YEARS/COULD NOT PASS THE RIVER STYX

Question 22

What Greek deity carries the epithet “rosy-fingered”?
Bonus: Eos’ Roman counter-part Aurora is associated with the aurora borealis in the Northern Hemisphere named after Boreas. What is the same phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere, also named after Aurora and one of her sons?

Answer 22

EOS

AURORA AUSTRALIS

Question 23

What is the meaning of the Greek exclamation “Eureka”?

Bonus: Who exclaimed it?

Answer 23

“I HAVE FOUND IT!”

ARCHIMEDES

Question 24

Identify the common bond: quadrans, sestertius, denarius

Bonus: Of what metals was a denarius and and aureus made?

Answer 24

ROMAN COINS

D- SILVER and A- GOLD

Question 25

What emperor typically referred to himself as “Dominus et Deus”?
Bonus: Who was Domitian’s much more popular brother whom he succeeded

Answer 25

DOMITIAN

TITUS

Question 26

Translate the both verbs from this sentence into Latin: “If he should come, he would see.”
Distinguish in meaning between civis and civitas.
Bonus: What about the verb vivo and vito?

Answer 26

VENIAT and VIDEAT
CIVIS - “CITIZEN” and CIVITAS - “CITY STATE”/”CITIZENSHIP”
VIVO - “TO LIVE” and VITO - “TO AVOID”

Question 27

What is the term for the group of eight Roman soldiers who shared the same tent and ate together?
Bonus: How mant contubernia in a century?

Answer 27

CONTUBERNIUM

TEN

Question 28

What Republican era poet wrote a lengthy poem called De Rerum Natura?
Bonus: What philosophical school did this poem and poet espouse?

Answer 28

LUCRETIUS

EPICUREAN

Question 29

Who was the man who was called the conscience of Rome for his fiercely Republican opposition to the first triumvirate?
Bonus: When Caesar defeated Pompey, Cato committed suicide after twice reading who’s work intitled Phaedo in which Socrates argues that only fools fear death.

Answer 29

(MARCUS PORCIUS) CATO

PLATO

Question 30

What three animals would be sacrificed at a suovetaurilia?

Bonus: A sacrifice of liquid, typically diluted wine, being poured on the ground is called what?

Answer 30

PIG, SHEEP, and BULL

LIBATION

Question 31

Pyrrhus of Epirus almost succeeded in expelling what nation from Sicily in the 3rd century BC?
Bonus: After what battle in 279 BC did Pyrrhus proclaim a “Pyrrhic victory”?

Answer 31

CARTHAGINIANS

ASCULUM

Question 32

Identify the common bond: tenus, gratia, causa

Bonus: What does the preposition tenus mean?

Answer 32

PREPOSITIONS WHICH TAKE THE GENITIVE CASE

“UP TO” or “DOWN TO” or “ACORDING TO”

Question 33

What mythological couple were turned into intertwining trees after their death so that they could always be together?
Bonus: Baucis and Philemon were rewarded for their hospitality to what two Greek gods?

Answer 33

BAUCIS AND PHILEMON

ZEUS and HERMES

Question 34

What figure of speech is illustrated by this English quote: “Get a clue and a job!”
Bonus: What about “He was not affected by the expressions and faces of his opponents.”

Answer 34

ZEUGMA

HENDIADYS

Question 35

At what event would you hear the cry “Talassio!” or “Feliciter!”
Bonus: Talassius may have been a god of marriage which the Romans created to explain the forgotten meaning of “Talassio” which they had forgotten. What does “Feliciter” mean?

Answer 35

WEDDING or GROOM ESCORTING NEW BRIDE HOME

“HAPPILY” or “LUCKILY”

Question 36

Identify the poet: Ille mi par esse deo videtur…

Bonus: The second line of this poem includes the phrase si fas est. Translate that phrase.

Answer 36

CATULLUS

IF IT IS RIGHT

Question 37

In the lararium, if the genius of the paterfamilias was not represented in human form, what animal was substituted?
Bonus: What is the two-word name for the protective spirit of the family?

Answer 37

SNAKE

LAR FAMILIARIS

Question 38

In what province did Catullus serve under Memmius?

Bonus: Why was Catullus angry with Memmius when he returned to Italy?

Answer 38

BITHYNIA

HE HAD NOT BEEN PAID VERY MUCH

Question 39

What was the term for a single lap in a chariot or foot race? It is also something you and your teachers probably follow at school.
Bonus: In modern terms, what is a curriculum vitae?

Answer 39

CURRICULUM

A SHORT ACCOUNT OF CAREER AND QUALIFICATIONS or A RESUME

Question 40

Unfortunately, not everyone in the ancient world was beautiful, but some were down right hideous. Who had a face who could turn people to stone?
Bonus: Medusa, pregnant by Poseidon when she was slain by Perseus, gave birth to what winged creature?

Answer 40

MEDUSA

PEGASUS

Question 41

A common inscription on tombstones was Si tibi terra levis. What does this mean?
Bonus: What about the phrase “Qui vixit annos quinque, menses novem, et dies viginti-duos”?

Answer 41

“MAY THE EARTH BE LIGHT UPON YOU”

“WHO LIVED FIVE YEARS, NINE MONTHS, AND TWENTY-TWO DAYS”

Question 42

Who explained to the Argonauts how to pass the Symplegades, the crashing rocks at the entrance to the Black Sea?
Bonus: What service did the Argonauts have to perform to get this advice?

Answer 42

PHINEUS

RID PHINEUS OF THE HARPIES

Question 43

Who was the wife of Hector whom Aeneas found married to Helenus in Buthrotum?
Bonus: What was the name of Hector and Andromache’s son?

Answer 43

ANDROMACHE

ASTYANAX

Question 44

Identify the common bond: Oenotria, Hesperia, Ausonia.

Bonus: What is the phrase which describes the Greek territory in Southern Italy and Sicily?

Answer 44

OTHER NAMES FOR ITALY

MAGNA GRAECIA

Question 45

Given the semi-deponent verb audeo, audere, what is the third person singular, pluperfect subjunctive?
Bonus: Change ausus esset to the imperfect passive.

Answer 45

AUSUS ESSET

AUDERETUR

Question 46

Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge quo coepisti: egredere aliquando ex urbe; patent portae; proficiscere. What is the idiomatic meaning of Quae cum ita sint?
Bonus: What forms are perge, egredere, and proficiscere?

Answer 46

“THEREFORE”

IMPERATIVES

Question 47

The Golden Age of Latin Literature traditionally ends in AD 17 with the death of what exiled poet?
Bonus: What year marked the end of the Augustan Age with the death of Augustus?

Answer 47

OVID

AD 14

Question 48

Which emperor was responsible for dividing the empire between East and West?
Bonus: Diocletian named himself and Maximian “Augustus.” What did he name his subordinates Constantius I and Galerius, who were to inherit the possession of Augustus?

Answer 48

DIOCLETIAN

CAESARS or CAESARES

Question 49

Where did the Greek fleet amass before setting sail for Troy?
Bonus: Because the winds would not blow, what maiden was sacrificed?

Answer 49

AULIS

IPHIGENIA

Question 50

Idenify the common bond: Delos, Delphi, Cumae.

Bonus: What was the priestess of Apollo called?

Answer 50

ORACLES OF APOLLO

PYTHIA

Question 51

What was the most common meter used by Catullus?
Bonus: The hendecasyllabic meter is completely regular except for the first foot. What three possibilities exist for the first foot?

Answer 51

HENDECASYLLABICS or PHALAECEANS

1) long-long; 2) long-short; 3) short- long

Question 52

What Latin phrase refers to “square Rome,” the settlement Romulus created?
Bonus: What was the name of the sacred boundary of Rome?

Answer 52

ROMA QUADRATA

POMERIUM

Question 53

What work of Vergil is a commemoration of his gratitude to Augustus for the return of his family’s farm near Mantua?
Bonus: By what other name are the Eclogues known?

Answer 53

FIRST ECLOGUE

BUCOLICS

Question 54

What is the meaning of the Latin phrase in perpetuum?

Bonus: What other Latin phrase, containing the word from which we get “eternal,” also means “forever”?

Answer 54

FOREVER

AD ETERNUM

Question 55

What was Horace’s monumentum aere perennius?

Bonus: What is the case and reason for the case of aere in that phrase?

Answer 55

HIS POETRY

ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON

Question 56

What is the meaning of the mythological phrase “Argus-eyed”?

Bonus: Who lulled Argus to sleep to permit the escape of Io?

Answer 56

WATCHFUL or VIGILANT

MERCURY

Question 57

What is the name for a tomb which holds many funeral urns?

Bonus: At what place in Rome would a person be cremated?

Answer 57

COLUMBARIUM

USTRINA

Question 58

The poet Martial wrote in his Epigrams: “Let there be Maecenases… and Vergils will not be lacking.” Why was Maecenas important to Vergil?
Bonus: Maecenas was said to have inspired what work by Vergil?

Answer 58

PATRON OF THE ARTS/FINANCIAL BACKER

GEORGICS

Question 59

Name four of the seven ancient wonders of the world.

Bonus: Name the other three.

Answer 59

1) PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT/GIZA; 2) PHAROS/ LIGHTHOUSE AT ALEXANDRIA; 3) HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON; 4) TEMPLE OF DIANA/ARTEMIS AT EPHESOS; 5) STATUE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA (BY PHIDIAS); 6) MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS; 7) COLOSSUS OF RHODES

Question 60

In Catullus’ Carmen 34, he writes: Tu Lucina dolentibus/ Iuno dicta puerperis. Even though the poem is about Minerva, what power of Juno Lucina is being involved?
Bonus: The stanza continues: Tu potens Trivia et notho es/ dicta lumine Luna.? What other two attributes are being discussed here?

Answer 60

CHILDBIRTH

CROSSROADS and CHILDBIRTH

Question 61

We love participles. And when we ask a participle question, we like to hear things like it’s tense (present, perfect, future) and its voice (active or passive). Keeping that in mind, from what form of the participle does our English word Orient derive?
Bonus: What is the verb and meaning from which Orient derives?

Answer 61

PRESENT ACTIVE

ORIOR- TO RISE

Question 62

What great general of Rome, a relative of Julius Caesar, won important victories over dangerous Germanic tribes invading Italy from the north in 102 and 101 B.C.?
Bonus: Name one of the tribes defeated by Marius in these campaigns.

Answer 62

MARIUS

CIMBRI, TUETONES

Question 63

Who forced Albinus and his Roman army to walk under the yoke in 110 B.C., but lived to regret it when Marius captured him four years later?
Bonus: Another enemy of Rome forced a Roman army under the yoke two centuries earlier after surrounding the army in a valley in the hills north of Capua. Who were these enemies?

Answer 63

JUGURTHA

SAMNITES

Question 64

Hecate, the three-formed goddess, was the patron of witches. Which niece of Circe and daughter of Aeetes called on her powers to aid a handsome Greek?
Medea gave a magic potion to Jason to protect him from harm. At what deity’s shrine did they meet?
Bonus: What Argonaut, a nephew of Medea, led Jason there?

Answer 64

MEDEA
HECATE
ARGUS

Question 65

What people of Italy, other than the Romans, wore the toga?
Bonus: Name the famous Etruscan city, a day’s journey west of Rome, where the sacred objects of Rome were taken during the Gallic siege.

Answer 65

THE ETRUSCANS

CAERE

Question 66

What use of the ablative is seen in the following sentence: Puto hanc puellam pulchriorem esse illa.
Bonus: That sentence said “I think this girl is prettier than that one”. If we changed puellam to templum, what would happen to pulchriorem?

Answer 66

ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON

IT WOULD CHANGE TO PULCHRIUS

Question 67

Jealous gods were always dangerous. What other god paid the price of Boreas’ jealousy by accidentally killing a friend during a game of discus throwing?
Bonus: Apollo’s friend was then transformed into a flower. What was his name?

Answer 67

APOLLO

HYACINTHUS

Question 68

What is the meaning of the Latin idiom pedem referre?

Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin idiom opem ferre?

Answer 68

TO RETREAT

TO BRING AID

Question 69

In 197 B.C., at the Battle of Cynoscephalae, the Romans defeated the Macedonian phalanx and forever put an end to Macedon’s dreams of controlling Greece. What Macedonian king was defeated in this battle?
Bonus: The following year, the Romans surprised everyone by declaring their intention to evacuate Greece and restore freedom to the individual Greek cities and states. This famous Proclamation of the Freedom of the Greeks was delivered at the Isthmian games of 196 B.C. at what strategically located city?

Answer 69

PHILIP (V)

CORINTH

Question 70

Achilles was famous for sulking in his tent while the Greeks were being defeated by the Trojans. An embassy from his fellow Greeks tried to persuade him to return to the fray, but failed. What usually very persuasive speaker failed to budge him?
Bonus: Who spoke last in the embassy, and most effectively, ignoring Achilles and telling Odysseus, “we are wasting our time on a man who wishes to injure his own friends”?

Answer 70

ODYSSEUS/ULYSSES

AJAX

Question 71

Present participles in Latin sometimes took on a life of their own and became full blown nouns. What present participle, from the Latin verb “to creep,” became a noun meaning “snake”?
Bonus: From what verb did serpens derive?

Answer 71

SERPENS

SERPO (-ERE, SERPSI)

Question 72

Where am I? I’m looking south towards the port city of Piraeus, to me rear is the Parthenon, I’m standing on the Acropolis.
Bonus: Now I’m in a large city, looking out over the ocean. I see Pharos close by, and the famous Museum is to my rear, where great scholars work.

Answer 72

ATHENS

ALEXANDRIA

Question 73

How does Latin introduce a positive purpose clause?

Bonus: How does Latin introduce a negative result clause?

Answer 73

UT

UT…NON

Question 74

A great scholar during the empire wrote an enormous encyclopedia before his death during rescue operations near Vesuvius. Who was he?
Bonus: Pliny the Elder also wrote a history of recent wars the Romans had conducted. What wars did this lost history describe?

Answer 74

PLINY THE ELDER

THE GERMAN WARS

Question 75

Gotta love those participles! Translate the participle form in the following sentence: “I am about to see this movie”
Bonus: What tense makes use of this future active participle?

Answer 75

VISURUS, -A

FUTURE ACTIVE PERIPHRASTIC

Question 76

The name of the months are nouns in English. What part of speech are they in Latin?
Bonus: The words “yesterday,” “today,” and “tomorrow” are adverbs in English. What part of speech are they in Latin?

Answer 76

ADJECTIVES

ADVERBS

Question 77

To avenge the assassination of his adopted father, Octavian vowed a temple to what god in 42 B.C., which he built many years later.
Bonus: If Mars were a woman, we wouldn’t say Mars Ultor but rather Mars . . . what?

Answer 77

MARS (ULTOR)

ULTRIX

Question 78

What is the present active infinitive of the verb sequor?

Bonus: What is the present singular imperative of sequor, sequi.

Answer 78

SEQUI

SEQUERE

Question 79

If a Roman had an agnomen ending in -ianus, which did that normally tell us about him?
Bonus: Who was the first emperor to be adopted by the previous emperor?

Answer 79

HE WAS ADOPTED

TIBERIUS

Question 80

Which of the following is not masculine? Terror, amor, ultor, arbor?
Bonus: And what is the meaning of ultor?

Answer 80

ARBOR

AVENGER

Question 81

What mythological creatures were wild and lustful, mostly of human shape but having the horns and hooves of a goat?
Bonus: Which god, with the appearance of a satry, played the syrinx, an instrument made of reeds?

Answer 81

SATYRS

PAN

Question 82

Which of the following adjectives is not in the superlative degree: optimus, longissimus, primus, simillimus, facilis?
Bonus: What is the comparitive degree of optimus?

Answer 82

FACILIS

MELIOR

Question 83

What was the original name of the month of the year named in honor of Augustus?
Bonus: On what day of the month did the Ides of Sextilis fall?

Answer 83

SEXTILIS

13TH

Question 84

What disorder does a somnambulist suffer from?

Bonus: If you defenestrated your computer, what would you be doing?

Answer 84

SLEEPWALKING

THROWING IT OUT OF A WINDOW or REMOVING THE WINDOWS OS FROM IT

Question 85

What do these year have in common? 390 B.C., 88 B.C., 410 A.D., 455 A.D.?
Bonus: In one of these years Rome was not captured by a foreign enemy, but by a Roman general. What year, what general?

Answer 85

THE YEARS IN WHICH ROME WAS CONQUERED

88 BC, SULLA

Question 86

Dic Anglice nomen diei quem Romani appellabant dies Solis.

Bonus: Dic Anglice nomen diei de nomine patris Iovis appellatum.

Answer 86

SUNDAY

SATURDAY

Question 87

The Romans had many forms of marriage, each giving rise to a slightly different relationship. What form of marriage would you be entering if you were eating little cakes made of spelt?
   Bonus: To what class in Rome was confarreatio limited?

Answer 87

CONFARREATIO

PATRICIANS

Question 88

Listen to the following passage. I will read it twice. Then answer the question concerning that passage. Lucius et Claudia ex Italia proficiscentes omnes res suas secum ferunt: pauca vestimenta, paulum cibi nec multum pecuniae. Praeterea Lydia parvum librum fert, quem sub vestimentis occultat. What three things did Lucius and Claudia take with them from Italy?
Bonus: What else did Claudia take with her and where did she carry it?

Answer 88

CLOTHES, FOOD, MONEY

A BOOK HIDDEN UNDER HER CLOTHES

Question 89

Distinguish in meaning between fluo and flo.

Bonus: Sometimes pronunciation makes all the difference. Distinguish in meaning between cecidi and cecïdi.

Answer 89

FLOW and BLOW

I FELL and I KILLED

Question 90

Give the adverbial form of the adjective gravis.

Bonus: Now give the noun form.

Answer 90

GRAVITER

GRAVITAS

Question 91

Off of what principal part of the verb does the future active participle form itself?
Bonus:Almost all future active participles form regularly from 4th principal part of the verb, or from the third principal part of deponent verbs. But the deponent verb morior is irregular. What is its future active participle?

Answer 91

4TH PRINCIPLE PART

MORITURUS, -A, -UM

Question 92

What poet of the Late Republic was known for a single, long poem, the fullest statement we have of the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus?
Bonus: What was the Latin title of his work?

Answer 92

LUCRETIUS

DE RERUM NATURA

Question 93

What deity was called “Soter” and what does that epithet mean?
Bonus: What diety was called “Ennosigaeus” and what does that epithet mean?

Answer 93

ZEUS, SAVIOR/PROTECTOR

POSEIDON, EARTH-SHAKER

Question 94

I can think of only one verb that has an irregular present participle. What verb is this and how is it irregular?
Bonus: This verb, course, has many compound forms, usually with a prepositional prefix. That being said, what is the meaning of redeuntes.

Answer 94

EO, IRE/IENS, EUNTIS

RETURNING/GOING BACK

Question 95

Watch out - this is a double question. Who am I? I foolishly told the river god Asopus that his daughter had been abducted by Zeus. For this I was condemned to what punishment in the Underworld?
Bonus: These unfortunate souls were condemned to carry water in leaky jars for eternity. Who were they and what crime had they committed?

Answer 95

SISYPHUS, PUSHING A STONE FOREVER UPHILL

THE DANAIDS, THEY HAD MURDERED THEIR HUSBANDS ON THEIR WEDDING NIGHT

Question 96

The first 5 emperors of Rome constitute the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Which one of these emperors, as a prelude to his planned invasion of Britain, marched his army to the northern shores of Gaul and then ordered his troops to collect seashells, which he called the spoils of the conquered ocean?
Bonus 1: Caligula was eventually assassinated in 41 A.D. and succeed by Claudius. What relation was Claudius to Caligula?

Answer 96

CALIGULA

HIS UNCLE

Question 97

Which of the following does not belong and why: cubiculum, peristylum, tablinum, lectus, culina.
Bonus: Define these words (repeat twice if necessary).

Answer 97

LECTUS, NOT A ROOM IN A HOUSE

BEDROOM, COURTYARD, STUDY, BED, KITCHEN

Question 98

I am of the most frequently portrayed figures in Western literature, king of Ithaca, son of Laertes and Anticleia, and father of Telemachus.
Bonus: Odysseus traveled for 10 years before reaching home, but almost 9 of those years were spent on the island of this nymph.

Answer 98

ODYSSEUS

CALYPSO

Question 99

What year is this? Julius Caesar is deified. Octavian vows a temple to Mars Ultor. Brutus and Cassius commit suicide after their defeat by Antony and Octavian at the Battle of Philippi.
Bonus: After Philippi, the triumvirs divided the empire between them. Octavian took the West, Antony the East. Who was the third member of the Triumvirate and what did he receive?

Answer 99

41 BC

LEPIDUS, AFRICA

Question 100

Translate this sentence: Vidimus viros domo currentes.
Bonus: If we wanted to say “We saw the men who had been killed” and only wanted to use one word for “who had been killed”, what word would we use?

Answer 100

WE SAW (OR SEE) MEN RUNNING FROM THE HOUSE
   NECATOS, OCCISOS, CAESOS, ETC.

Question 101

I was born in Athens and grew up to become a great craftsman, trained by Athena herself. When I killed my apprentice Talus, I was exiled from Athen and took refuge with King Minos in Crete, where I built for him a great maze in the basement of the palace.
Bonus: After my son Icarus died, I flew to this city, where I dedicated my wings to Apollo.

Answer 101

DAEDALUS

CUMAE

Question 102

What figure of the Late Republic had a short but disgraceful career in politics, thoroughly plundering a province as its governor, before settling down to write histories in his garden?
Bonus: What was Sallust’s full name?

Answer 102

SALLUST

GAIUS SALLUSTIUS CRISPUS

Question 103

What emperor of the Late Empire managed to reconquer a large portion of the Western Empire, including Italy, north Africa, and the coast of Spain?
Bonus: What barbaric tribe had established itself in north Africa after the German invasions, where it’s kingdom remained for a 100 years before being destroyed by Justinian’s armies?

Answer 103

JUSTINIAN

THE VANDALS

Question 104

Translate the verb in the indirect speech clause of this sentence: I know he is sailing to Greece.
Bonus: Now in this one: I knew he would sail to Greece.

Answer 104

NAVIGARE

NAVIGATURUM (ESSE)

Question 105

What do these adjectives have in common: solus, totus, neuter?
Bonus 1: What other part of speech in Latin often shows this peculiar declension pattern?
Bonus 2: Give three other adjectives that behave in the same way.

Answer 105

-IUS IN THE GENETIVE SINGULAR AND -I IN THE DATIVE SINGULAR
PRONOUNS
NULLUS, ALIUS, ULLUS, UNUS, ALTER, UTER

Question 106

Who was the father of Deicoon, Creontidas, and Thersimachus?

Bonus: Who was their mother?

Answer 106

HERCULES

MEGARA

Question 107

Hannibal defeated the Romans many times during the Second Punic War, but he wiped out two entire consular armies at that battle in the summer of 216 B.C.
Bonus: In what region of Italy did this battle take place?

Answer 107

CANNAE

APULIA

Question 108

What rhetorical device is seen in the following sentence: Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
What rhetorical device is seen in the following clause: et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli.
Bonus: What rhetorical device is seen here: quae me cumque vocant terrae.

Answer 108

ANAPHORA
CHIASMUS
TMESIS (FOR QUAECUMQUE ME VOCANT TERRAE)

Question 109

What Roman historian wrote the history of the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
Bonus: What historian ‹an eyewitness to the events‹ told the history of Justinian’s reign?

Answer 109

TACITUS

PROCOPIUS

Question 110

The law still has many old rules, stated in elegant Latin. What is the basic principle that says res ipsa loquitur?
Bonus: We know what modus operandi means - a person’s “method of operation”. But what part of speech is operandi?

Answer 110

THE THING SPEAKS (FOR) ITSELF

GERUND

Question 111

Distingiush in meaning between fasces and faces.

Bonus: Now distinguish between laetus and laevus.

Answer 111

BUNDLE OF RODS and TORCHES

HAPPY and AWKWARD, ILL-OMENED

Question 112

We know that deponent verbs have no active forms. Or do we? Give me the grammatical names of the active forms of a deponent verb.

Answer 112

PRESENT+FUTURE PARTICIPLE, FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE

Question 113

We talked earlier about those winds placed in a bag for Odysseus by Aeolus. Why did Odysseus’ men open that bag?
Bonus: Where did this take place on the journey home?

Answer 113

THEY THOUGHT TREASURE WAS IN IT

WITHIN SIGHT OF ITHICA

Question 114

The motto of the U.S. is, of course, e plurbis unum. The motto of Saskatchewan is similar: Multis e gentibus vires. Translate that motto.
Bonus: Paris has a nice motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur.

Answer 114

FROM MANY PEOPLES, STRENGTH

IT IS TOSSED ABOUT BUT DOESN’T SINK

Question 115

What Roman poet revived Sapphic metere with several of his famous love poems?
Bonus: Catallus called her Lesbia, but to what more ancient woman did Cicero compare her in his Pro Caelio?

Answer 115

CATULLUS

MEDEA

Question 116

What is the grammar of ambulantes, i.e., part of speech, number, and case.
Bonus 2: “I hope you haven’t worn yourself out by walking”. Translate “walking” in that sentence and give me the part of speech, number, and case.

Answer 116

PRESENT PARTICIPLE, PLURAL, ACCUSATIVE

AMBULANDO, GERUND, SINGULAR, ABLATIVE

Question 117

When Cicero said to Catiline hunc mihi timorem eripe, what use of the dative are we seeing?
Bonus 1:What was Cicero urging Catiline to do?
Bonus 2: When Cicero says credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non potius hoc omnes boni serius a me quam quisquam crudelius factum esse dicat what is his use of the dative?

Answer 117

DATIVE OF SEPARATION
DEPART FROM THE CITY
DATIVE OF AGENT

Question 118

What office in Rome went out of use after the Second Punic War, only to be revived in the 80’s B.C. with disastrous consequences.
Bonus 2: After Sulla, who was the next dictator in Rome?

Answer 118

DICTATORSHIP
SULLA
CAESAR

Question 119

In Latin, what case is used for measurement, weight, and quality?
Bonus 1: Say in Latin “Caesar was a man of great virtue”.
Bonus 2: What other case might be used for description?

Answer 119

GENITIVE
CAESAR VIR MAGNAE VIRTUTIS ERAT
ABLATIVE

Question 120

Who was the beautiful girl, youngest of three sisters, whose beauty incurred the jealousy of Venus. She was doomed by the Oracle of Apollo to be wed to a viper-like monster, but she ended up being the beloved of Cupid.
Bonus 1: Psyche’s final task was to fetch this from the Underworld:
Bonus 2: Cupid and Pscyhe then had a child, whose name was Pleasure. What was the child’s name in Latin?

Answer 120

PSYCHE
SOME OF PROSERPINE’S BEAUTY
VOLUPTAS

Question 121

We all know the Great Neuter Rule - the nominative and the accusative are the same and in the plural end with -a. But give three examples of Latin words whose neuter plural form do NOT end in -a.

Answer 121

QUAE, HAEC, DUO, AMBO

Question 122

In 249 B.C. this Roman general threw the sacred chickens into the sea when the failed to produce a favorable omen. Who was this “good looking” general, the ancestor of Tiberius?
Bonus 1: When the sacred chickens refused to eat, thus giving Pulcher a bad omen, what did he utter as he flung them into the sea?
Bonus 2: What happend to Pulcher when he returned to Rome?

Answer 122

[P.] CLAUDIUS PULCHER
IF THEY WILL NOT EAT, THEY WILL NOT DRINK
HE WAS CHARGED WITH SACRILEGE AND FINED

Question 123

What verse pattern was typically used by ancients for their epic poems?
Bonus 1: What is the standard for the 5th foot of a dactylic hexameter?

Answer 123

DACTYLIC HEXAMETER

A DACTYL

Question 124

The Greeks thought that this god was very well traveled, having roamed all the way to India and back before inventing wine.
Bonus 1: This god once arrived in Argos and dueled the local king, another son of Zeus. Who was this king?
Bonus 2: OK, so we know that this god’s father was Zeus. Who was his mother?

Answer 124

DIONYSUS/BACCHUS
PERSEUS
SEMELE

Question 125

Saturninus and Glaucia were not, of course, killed in 100 B.C. That year never existed. What year were they slain A.U.C.?
Bonus 1: The great disaster at the Teutoberg Forest didn’t occur in 9 A.D. but in this year A.U.C
Bonus 2: Well, we know that the Romans normally dated their years by the names of the consuls. What scholar of the Late Republic standardized the A.U.C. dating?

Answer 125

654
762
VARRO

Question 126

Most everyone rejoiced when Domitian was slain. What great historian of that age hated Domitian for poisoning his father-in-law?
Bonus 1: Who was Tacitus’ father-in-law, about whom he wrote a short biography?
Bonus 2: Tacitus also wrote a short description of what people, with whom the Romans waged many wars during his lifetime?

Answer 126

TACITUS
AGRICOLA
GERMANS

Question 127

How would you translate the participle in the following sentence: Haec locutae, feminae domo exierunt.
Bonus: Translate the participle in this sentence: Hoc facto Lucius ad villam rediit.
Bonus 2: Translate the participle in this sentence: Femina virum necatura gladium sumpsit.

Answer 127

HAVING SPOKEN
HAVING BEEN DONE
WHO WAS ABOUT TO KILL

Question 128

We call them lawyers or attorneys. What did the Romans call the people that spoke on your behalf when you were called to court?
Bonus 1: The fee that advocati could charge was regulated by law under the Republic. What was the amount of the fee?
Bonus 2: In the Empire, lawyers were allowed to collect something for the efforts. What was their payment called?

Answer 128

ADVOCATI
NOTHING
HONORIUM/PALMARIUM

Question 129

On our brochure for this Certamen you might have noticed the phrase “qui venerunt certatum”. What part of grammar is “certatum”?
Bonus 1: With what type of verbs can the accusative form of the supine be used?
Bonus 2: I’ve heard the “supine” described as a “verbal abstract”. But the only two forms of it in use are patterned on what declension?

Answer 129

SUPINE
VERBS OF MOTION
4TH

Question 130

To what small family of verbs do the following belong: gaudeo, audeo, fido, soleo?
Bonus 1: What are the principal parts of audeo?
Bonus 2: In the sentence “Having dared these things, Caesar rose to the height of power” translate “having dared these things”.

Answer 130

SEMI-DEPONENTS
AUDEO, -ERE, AUSUS SUM
HAEC AUSUS

Question 131

Sallust was considered by some ancients as the equal of what great Greek historian, the author of The Peloponnesian War?
Bonus 1: Whom did all the ancients consider the Father of History?
Bonus 2: What later Greek historian wrote the history of Rome’s rise to empire?

Answer 131

THUCYDIDES
HERODOTUS
POLYBIUS

Question 132

The gerund doesn’t really have a nominative form. What is used to express the nominative gerund, just as in English.
Bonus 1: What case of the gerund is used with causa.
Bonus 2: So how would we say, “for the sake of fighting”?

Answer 132

THE INFINITIVE
GENITIVE
PUGNANDI CAUSA (OR GRATIA)

Question 133

What type of verb has a perfect active participle?
Bonus 1: With that in mind, say in Latin: “Having said these things, the woman left the house”
Bonus 2: How does Latin normally contract the construction futurum esse?

Answer 133

DEPONENTS
HAEC LOUCTA FEMINA DOMO EXCESSIT
FORE

Question 134

What warlord of the late Republic, famous for being “Fortunate,” had Marius as his greatest enemy.
Bonus: Sulla fought a great war against the King of Pontus, defeating him but not removing him as a future threat to Rome. Who was this King?

Answer 134

SULLA

MITHRIDATES

Question 135

What number is missing from the following seqence: duo, quattuor, octo, decem?
Bonus: What number is missing from this sequence: viginti triginta quinquaginta sexaginta?

Answer 135

SEX

QUADRAGINTA

Question 136

What brother of Tiberius died while campaigning against the Germans on the Rhine frontier?
Bonus: Drusus’ son also became a famous general on the German front, quite obviously from the agnomen by which he is known today. Who is he?

Answer 136

DRUSUS

GERMANICUS

Question 137

What did the Romans call desert?

Bonus: Now tell me the Latin words for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Answer 137

SECUNDA MENSA

IENTACULAM, PRANDIUM, CENA

Question 138

What use of the ablative is seen in the following sentence: Urbe capta Aeneas fugit?
Bonus: How ‘bout: Romam veniemus tribus diebus?

Answer 138

ABSOLUTE

TIME WITHIN WHICH

Question 139

Jealous gods were always dangerous. What goddess sought to punish Psyche to whose beauty the entire world was offering divine honors?
Bonus: How did Venus plan to punish Psyche?

Answer 139

VENUS

CUPID WAS SENT TO MAKE HER FALL IN LOVE WITH THE MOST WRETCHED MAN POSSIBLE

Question 140

What is the literal meaning of the English word agenda?

Bonus: What is the grammatical term for this word in Latin?

Answer 140

THINGS TO BE DONE

GERUNDIVE

Question 141

By 146 B.C. the Roman Senate was becoming disturbed by the difficulty of controlling their allied and subject states. In that year, turning to terror as a technique of empire, they utterly destroyed two great cities of the ancient world. What were they?
Bonus: Both of these cities were later rebuilt and refounded as Roman colonies. Which did Caesar refound?

Answer 141

CARTHAGE AND CORINTH

CORINTH

Question 142

What goddess has as her symbol the cornucopia?

Bonus: Venus also had a symbol, a bird. What was the name of the bird, Latin and English?

Answer 142

CERES/DEMETER

COLUMBA/DOVE

Question 143

In the following sentence, identify the tense and voice of the participle: Femina discessura virum vidit.
Bonus: Please translate that sentence.

Answer 143

FUTURE, ACTIVE

THE WOMAN, ABOUT TO LEAVE, SAW A MAN

Question 144

Where am I? I’m looking south towards the Palatine; to my right, high above, is the Temple of Iuppiter Optimus Maximus; to my left is the arch of Titus.
Bonus 1: If I walked straight ahead, and climbed the Palatine, and looked directly south, what hill would I see across the valley containing the Circus Maximus?

Answer 144

FORUM

AVENTINE

Question 145

With what type of verb is the supine always used to express purpose?
Bonus: Translate this sentence: Pacem petitum ad imperatorem ivit.

Answer 145

VERB OF MOTION

HE WENT TO THE EMPEROR SEEKING PEACE

Question 146

To what god were the oak trees of Dodona sacred?

Bonus: In what region was the oracle of Dodona located?

Answer 146

ZEUS

EPIRUS

Question 147

A great historian of Rome chronicled the family history of the Julio Claudians year by year. Who was he?
Bonus: Tacitus also wrote on oratory, on the civils wars following the death of Nero, and a biography of his father-in-law. What was the name of his father-in-law?

Answer 147

TACITUS

AGRICOLA

Question 148

Gotta love those participles! Translate the participle in the following sentence: “I am about to eat dinner.”
Bonus: Keeping everything else the same, make that sentence plural and translate into Latin.

Answer 148

ESURUS/A

ESURI/AE SUMUS CENAM

Question 149

Who were the pious couple from Phrygia who unwittingly entertained Hermes and Zeus in their humble cottage?
Bonus: Into what type of trees were Baucis and Philemon transformed?

Answer 149

BAUCIS AND PHILEMON

OAK AND LINDEN

Question 150

The 4th declension has only a few neuter nouns, and only two of them are at all common. Name them.
Bonus: But the 4th declension has a fair number of feminine nouns. Name just one.

Answer 150

GENU, CORNU

MANUS, DOMUS, PORTICUS, ACUS, ETC.

Question 151

What is the present active infinitive of the verb hortor?

Bonus: What would be the present participle, nominative plural of hortor?

Answer 151

HORTARI

HORTANTES

Question 152

What was the bundle of rods called that was carried in front of a Roman magistrate?
Bonus: Who were the low-level public servants who carried this bundle?

Answer 152

FASCES

LICTORES

Question 153

Which of the following is not masculine? agricola, mons, humus, pons?
Bonus: Give the locative form of that noun.

Answer 153

HUMUS

HUMI

Question 154

Who am I? My father, king of Thebes, was warned by an oracle that there was danger to his throne and life if I was allowed to grow up. He handed me over to a herdsman with orders to destroy me; but the herdsman, moved with pity, left me hanging on the branch of a tree. I was found by a peasant, who carried me to his master and mistress, by whom I was adopted and raised.
Bonus: My adoptive parents also gave me my name. What does it mean?

Answer 154

OEDIPUS

SWOLLEN-FOOT

Question 155

Which of the following adjectives is not in the comparative degree: melior,latior, maius, pessimus, maior?
Bonus: Keeping everything else the same, give the superlative degree of maius?

Answer 155

PESSIMUS

MAXIMUM

Question 156

What hill gave its name to the building that houses our senators?
Bonus: Give me the names of 6 of the 7 hills of Rome.

Answer 156

CAPITOLINE

PALATINE, AVENTINE, CAPITOLINE, CAELIAN, VIMINAL, QUIRINAL, ESQUILINE

Question 157

Distinguish between latus, -a, -um and latus, lateris.

Bonus: Now distinguish between cado, caedo, and cedo.

Answer 157

WIDE and SIDE

FALL, KILL, and GO

Question 158

What do these year have in common? 390 B.C., 216 B.C., 105 B.C., 9 A.D.?
Bonus: After 390 B.C. Rome was never captured again by an foreign enemy until Alaric captured Rome 800 years later. In what year did this occur?

Answer 158

YEARS IN WHICH ROME SUFFERED DEFEAT

410 AD

Question 159

Dic Anglice nomen provinciae quam Romani appellabant Helvetiam.
Bonus: Dic Anglice nomen regionis quam Romani appellabant Caledoniam.

Answer 159

SWITZERLAND

SCOTLAND

Question 160

The Romans had many forms of marriage, each giving rise to a slightly different relationship. What form of marriage would you be entering if you were eating little cakes made of spelt?
   Bonus: To what class in Rome was confarreatio limited?

Answer 160

CONFARREATIO

THE PATRICIANS

Question 161

Listen to the following passage. I will read it twice. Then answer the question concerning that passage. Niobe, regina Thebarum, erat superba. Erat superba quod septem filos et septem filias habebat. Dixit: Causa superbiae meae non est potentia familiae et amicorum, sed fama liberorum meorum. Why was Niobe so proud?
Bonus: What was the specific cause, or source, or Niobe’s pride?

Answer 161

SHE HAD SEVEN SONS AND DAUGHTERS

THE FAME OF HER CHILDREN

Question 162

Distinguish in meaning between os, oris and os, ossis.

Bonus: Give the plural nominative of both these nouns.

Answer 162

MOUTH and BONE

ORA and OSSA

Question 163

Who am I? I was given the epithet “twice born” because I was snatched from my mother’s womb as she was going up in flames and sewn into my father’s thigh? I later became the god of the vine.
Bonus: According to most accounts of the myth, who was the mother of this god?

Answer 163

DIONYSUS/BACCHUS/LIBER

SEMELE/THYRONE

Question 164

The movie Gladiator was good entertainment, bad history. But at least they got some of the names right. Who was the father of Commodus?
Bonus: The movie would have you believe that Maximus killed Commodus in the arena. In fact, there was a conspiracy against Commodus in the first year of his reign; but all the conspirators, including his sister, were betrayed and executed. Commodus ruled for another 12 years before being assassinated. How specifically did he die?

Answer 164

MARCUS AURELIUS

STRANGLED IN HIS BATH BY HIS ATHLETIC TRAINER

Question 165

Give the adverbial form of the adjective celer.
Bonus: Now give me the adverbial form of audax.
Bonus: Now give me the adverbial form of sapiens.

Answer 165

CELERITER
AUDACTER
SAPIENTER

Question 166

Off of what principal part of the verb does the future active participle form itself?
Bonus: Almost all future active participles form regularly from 4th principal part of the verb, or from the third principal part of deponent verbs. But the deponent verb morior is irregular. What is its future active participle?

Answer 166

4TH PRINCIPLE PART

MORITURUS, -A, -UM

Question 167

What poet of the Late Republic was known for his notorious handbook on the seduction of women? It may have been the cause of his exile.
Bonus: What was the Latin title of this work?

Answer 167

OVID

ARS AMATORIA

Question 168

Who was the healer who overstepped his bounds by bringing Hippolytus back to life?
Bonus: Who was Asclepius’ wise tutor, whom he eventually surpassed in medical knowledge?

Answer 168

ASCLEPIUS/AESCULAPIUS

CHIRON

Question 169

Present participles are pretty regular, but one verb has an irregular form. What verb, with what meaning, is this?
Bonus: How does eo, ire decline in its present participle form?

Answer 169

EO, IRE, TO GO

IENS, IENTIS, ETC.

Question 170

Many mythological characters appear in groups of three. Who are the sisters Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos?
Bonus: By what name were Briareus, Cottus, and Gyes known?

Answer 170

THE FATES

HECATONCHEIRES/THE HUNDRED HANDED

Question 171

What is the name for the dynasty of emperors that ruled following Nero’s death?
Bonus: Galba was the first emperor in the so-called “Year of Four Emperors.” Who was the last?

Answer 171

FLAVIAN

VESPASIAN

Question 172

Which of the following does not belong and why: vulpes, boves, leones, venatores, oves?
Bonus: What does venatores mean?

Answer 172

VENATORES, BECAUSE THEY’RE NOT ANIMALS

HUNTERS

Question 173

Hades was King of the Dead, but who was the god of death.

Bonus: Thanatos’ father was the god of sleep. What was his name?

Answer 173

THANATOS

HYPNOS

Question 174

What year is this? Augustus was born, Cicero was consul, Catiline’s conspiracy was unmasked, Caesar became pontifex maximus.
Bonus: Catiline was a pretty bad character, if we care to believe Cicero. How many speeches by Cicero against him have come down to us?

Answer 174

63 BC

4

Question 175

Translate this sentence: Vidimus feminas e villa currentes.
Bonus: If we wanted to say “We saw the animals which had been killed” and only wanted to use one word for “which had been killed”, give me a word that would do the job.

Answer 175

WE SEE THE WOMAN RUNNING OUT OF THE HOUSE

NECATA, OCCISA, CAESA, INTERFECTA, ETC.

Question 176

Which god gave Odysseus an herb to protect him from Circe’s magic?
Bonus: Put the following adventure of Odysseus in proper order: the Sirens, Cyclopes, Circe.

Answer 176

HERMES/MERCURY

CYCLOPES, CIRCE, SIRENS

Question 177

What figure of the Late Republic was tutor to Claudius, an avowed supporter of Pompey, and the longest, if perhaps not the greatest, of Roman historians?
Bonus: How many books did this historian write, of which only 1/4 of them survived?

Answer 177

LIVY

142

Question 178

What emperor of the Late Empire managed to reconquer a large portion of the Western Empire, including Italy, north Africa, and the coast of Spain?
Bonus: What barbaric tribe had established itself in north Africa after the Germanic invasions, where it’s kingdom remained for a 100 years before being destroyed by Justinian’s armies?

Answer 178

JUSTINIAN

THE VANDALS

Question 179

Translate the verb in the indirect speech clause of this sentence: I know that they hear me.
Bonus: Now in this one: I know the men will hear me.

Answer 179

AUDIRE

AUDITOROS (ESSE)

Question 180

Who was Hercules’ first wife?

Bonus: Who sent Hercules on his labors as penance for killing her?

Answer 180

MEGARA

EURYSTHEUS

Question 181

Hannibal defeated the Romans many times during the Second Punic War, but he himself was finally defeated in Africa at this famous battle.
Bonus: Carthage survived the 2nd Punic War, but couldn’t in the end survive the hatred of this famous Roman of the mid-2nd century B.C., who used to end each speech in the Senate with the advice “Ceterum censeo Carthaginem delendam esee”.

Answer 181

ZAMA

CATO THE ELDER

Question 182

Rhetorical devices are very useful. What device is seen in this famous quote of Caesar: Veni, vidi, vici.
Bonus: What rhetorical device is seen here: festina lente.

Answer 182

ALLITERATION

OXYMORON

Question 183

What poet of the Silver Age was renowned for his Epigrams?

Bonus: What near contemporary of Martial wrote Satires?

Answer 183

MARTIAL

JUVENAL

Question 184

The law still has many old rules, stated in elegant Latin. What is the basic principle that says de minimis lex non curat?
Bonus: The phrase corpus delicti does not mean the body of a murdered person, as is commonly thought. What is its true meaning?

Answer 184

THE LAW DOES NOT CARE FOR SMALL THINGS

THE BODY OF THE CRIME (I.E., THE ELEMENT NECESSARY TO PROVE THE OFFENSE)

Question 185

Distinguish in meaning between virgo and virga.

Bonus: Now distinguish between audio and audeo.

Answer 185

MAIDEN and TWIG

HEAR and DARE

Question 186

The motto of the U.S. is, of course, e plurbis unum. But there is another motto on the Great Seal of the United States, and also on our dollar bills: annuit coeptis. What does it mean?
Bonus: Dartmouth College has an interesting motto for an educational institution: Vox clamantis in deserto. What does it mean?

Answer 186

HE HAS APPROVED OUR UNDERTAKINGS

THE VOICE OF ONE SHOUTING IN THE DESERT

Question 187

Who composed the original Philippics, known as the greatest of Greek orators?
Bonus: Against whom where these speeches directed?

Answer 187

DEMOSTHENES

PHILIP II/PHILIP THE FATHER OF ALEXANDER

Question 188

Welcome to the Final Round Level III of the Ad Fontes Certamen. We’ve seen all of you all running around the campus, trying to avoid the rain. Translate running in that sentence.
Bonus 1: Now translate “trying” in that sentence.
Bonus 2: Now translate “all of you” in that sentence.

Answer 188

CURRENTES
CONANTES/TEMPTANTES
OMNES VOS

Question 189

When Cicero said to Catiline magno me metu liberabis, dum modo inter me atque te murus intersit what use of the ablative are we seeing?
Bonus 1: What was Cicero telling Catiline in this sentence?
Bonus 2: When Cicero says egredere aliquando ex urbe; patent portae; proficiscere, what is the grammar of egredere and proficiscere?

Answer 189

SEPARATION
THAT CATILINE WOULD FREE HIM FROM FEAR ONLY WHEN A WALL STOOD BETWEEN THEM
IMPERATIVES OF DEPONENT VERBS

Question 190

What high office of Roman government went out of use during the late Republic, to be introduced again only under the emperors?
Bonus 1: How often were censors normally elected?
Bonus 2: How long did they serve?

Answer 190

THE CENSORSHIP
EVERY 5 YEAR
18 MONTHS

Question 191

In Latin, what case is used for price, material, and origin?
Bonus 1: What two cases may used for agency?
Bonus 2: What two cases may be used for description?

Answer 191

ABLATIVE
ABLATIVE, DATIVE
GENITIVE, ABLATIVE

Question 192

Who am I? I was so well-known in the upper world that I was often referred to simply as canis. Hesiod said I was a child of Echidna and Typhon, and thought I had 50 heads, but most people said I had only 3. Hercules managed to drag me from my post.
Bonus 1: Cerberus had a peculiar shaggy mane that was known to sprout what creatures?
Bonus 2: Hercules captured me, and Psyche put me to sleep with drugged cakes. But how did Orpheus manage to get past me?

Answer 192

CERBERUS
SERPENTS
HE LULLED HIM TO SLEEP WITH MUSIC

Question 193

What do audeo, gaudeo, soleo and fido have in common?
Bonus 1: Give the principals parts of audeo.
Bonus 2: Give me the principals parts of fido

Answer 193

THEY ARE SEMI-DEPONENTS
AUDEO, AUDERE, AUSUS SUM
FIDO, FIDERE, FISUS SUM

Question 194

Who was Emperor when Christ was crucified?
Bonus 1: Who was emperor when Christ was born?
Bonus 2: Who was emperor when the Peter and Paul were martyred?

Answer 194

TIBERIUS
AUGUSTUS
NERO

Question 195

What playwright who lived through the dark days of the 2nd Punic War nevertheless wrote some of the best Roman comedies?
Bonus 1: What writer immortalized the scandals of the Julio-Claudian emperors in a series of biographies?
Bonus 2: What writer of the High Empire stole the name of Ovid’s greatest work and told the tale of Lucius transformed?

Answer 195

PLAUTUS
SUETONIUS
APULEIUS

Question 196

Plato thought I was the first king of Atlantis. Homer though I was the father of Calypso. Hesiod thought I lived on the edge of the world, perhaps in Africa where a mountain range bears my name. My brother Prometheus sent Hercules too me, who talked me into fetching the golden apples of Hesperides. Who am I?
Bonus 1: Prometheus, of course, had his own problems, offering an unwilling feast every day to what type of bird?
Bonus 2: Prometheus the Titan wasn’t the only one punished for stealing fire from the gods. What “gift” did Zeus have Hephaestus fashion and present to Prometheus’ brother?

Answer 196

ATLAS
EAGLE
PANDORA

Question 197

Caesar, we say, was killed in 44 B.C. But no one connected to that event would ever have said such a thing. In what year A.U.C. was he killed?
Bonus 1: Many Romans wouldn’t even have been so literate as to count the year from the founding of the city. What was the normal method of dating years in the Republic?
Bonus 2: Well, that wouldn’t have worked well after the Republic fell. They used the year of the emperor’s rule instead. What would be, in our reckoning, the 4th year of Tiberius’ rule?

Answer 197

710
BY THE NAMES OF THE CONSULS
AD 18

Question 198

Four verbs have irregular singular imperatives. What are they?
Bonus 2: One of them is irregular in the plural. Which one and what is its form?

Answer 198

FERO, FACERE, DUCERE, DICERE

FERO, FERTE

Question 199

Most everyone thinks the Roman Empire “fell” in 476 A.D., but actually Roman emperors continued to rule in the East in unbroken succession until the year Constantinople was finally captured by the Turks. What year was that?
Bonus 1: There were even Roman emperors again in the West, after a lapse of about 325 years. Who was the next Roman Emperor in the West after 476 A.D.?
Bonus 2: Charlemagne saw himself as the Emperor of the Romans, but the revived Empire in the West has received a slightly different name from historians. What was this Empire, which lasted thousand years from Charlemagn’s coronation in 800 A.D. until it’s abolition by Napoleon in 1806?

Answer 199

1453
CHARLEMAGNE
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Question 200

How would you translate the participle in the following sentence: Suos hortatus, Caesar equum suum incitavit.
Bonus 1: Translate the participle in this sentence: Cicero locuturus discessit.
Bonus 2: Translate the participle in this sentence: Livius fabulam de regibus expulsis narravit.

Answer 200

HAVING ENCOURAGED
ABOUT TO SPEAK
EXPELLED

Question 201

From whom did the Roman borrow the arch, gladitorial combats, the triumph and the toga?
Bonus 1: The first gladiatorial combats were given at what kind of event?
Bonus 2: In the old-style family, who typically was responsible for making togas?

Answer 201

ETRUSCANS
A FUNERAL
THE MOTHER

Question 202

Say in Latin “I live in Tusculum”.
Bonus 1: With what types of words is the locative used?
Bonus 2: Some regular nouns also take the locative. Give one.

Answer 202

HABITO TUSCULI
TOWNS AND SMALL ISLANDS
DOMUS, RUS, HUMUS

Question 203

What monster lived in the ocean, between Italy and Sicily, sucking ships down into the whirlpool?
Bonus 1: What monster lived close by on the rocks, luring ships to their doom?
Bonus 2: How many men did Odysseus have to sacrifice to Scylla as he avoided Charybdis?

Answer 203

CHARYBDIS
SCYLLA
SIX

Question 204

What is the general distinction between the pronouns se and ipse, but of which translate as “himself”?
Bonus 1: What is the general difference between suus, sua, suum and eius, both of which translate as “his, hers, its”?
Bonus 2: What is the difference in meaning between the pronoun quidam and quidem.

Answer 204

SE- REFLEXIVE PRONOUN, IPSE- EMPHATIC PRONOUN
SUUS-REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE, EIUS- NON-REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE
SOMEONE and INDEED

Question 205

If Latin literature has a “father of history” it was probably Fabius Pictor. What great war did he tell the history of?
Bonus 1: What Greek historian told the history of Rome’s rise to imperial greatness?
Bonus 2: What Roman historian told the story of Catiline’s conspiracy and the War with Jugurtha?

Answer 205

2ND PUNIC WAR
POLYBIUS
SALLUST

Question 206

What is the definition of a gerund?
Bonus 1: What declension pattern does the gerund follow?
Bonus 2: The gerund has no nominative form in Latin. What takes its place?

Answer 206

VERBAL NOUN
NEUTER, SINGULAR ONLY
THE INFINITIVE

Question 207

When recognized perform the following command. Sta et sonum similem lupo fac.
Bonus 1: Now perform this command: Surgite omnes et cantate angilice carmen de puella quae ovem parvam habebat.
Bonus 2: Now perform this command: Surgite omnes et cantate anglice carmen de tribus muribus caecis.

Answer 207

STAND AND HOWL LIKE A WOLF
ALL RISE AND SING IN ENGLISH THE SONG ABOUT THE GIRL WHO HAD A LITTLE LAMB
ALL STAND AND SING IN ENGLISH THE SONG ABOUT THE THREE BLIND MICE

Question 208

Third year students are comfortable with deponent verbs. Give me a quick definition of a deponent verb.
Bonus 1: English has derived a lot of verbs from the third principal part of deponents. What’s the first principal part of the verb from which we get “progress”?
Bonus 2: What’s the first principal part of the verb from which we get “patient”?

Answer 208

LOOKS PASSIVE BUT TRANSLATES ACTIVE
PROGREDIOR
PATIOR

Question 209

The years 264, 218, and 149 B.C. have what in common?

Bonus: Which of the Punic Wars began with a dispute over the Spanish city Saguntum?

Answer 209

THE BEGINNING OF A WAR WITH CARTHAGE

2ND

Question 210

The English word “orient,” meaning the East, is derived from what form of the deponent verb orior.
Bonus: What conjugation is orior?

Answer 210

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

4TH

Question 211

Hercules was required in his 9th labor to recover what object from the queen of the Amazons?
Bonus: Who was this queen?

Answer 211

HER GIRDLE

HIPPOLYTA

Question 212

Please put these battles in order: Teutonburg Forest, Actium, Pharsalus, Cannae.
Bonus: What happened at the battle of the Teutonburg Forest?

Answer 212

CANNAE, PHARSALUS, ACTIUM, TEUTONBURG FOREST

3 ROMAN LEGIONS WERE DESTROYED BY GERMANS

Question 213

Differentiate between aestas and aetas.

Bonus: Differentiate between servo, servare and servio, servire.

Answer 213

SUMMER and AGE

SAVE, SERVE, and BE A SLAVE

Question 214

What is unusual about the verb odi, odisse?

Bonus: What other verb, with what meaning, acts the same way?

Answer 214

IT ONLY HAS PERFECT FORMS BUT NO PERFECT MEANING

MEMINI- TO REMEMBER

Question 215

What member of the Second Triumvirate attempted to woo Octavian’s soldiers away from him during the campaign in Sicily in 36 B.C. and was removed from power for the effort?
Bonus: Octavian was campaigning at the time against the last of the sons of Pompey. What was his name?

Answer 215

LEPIDUS

SEXTUS POMPEIUS

Question 216

What do the following having in common? hasta, balista, saggita, gladius.
Bonus: A soldier’s shield was technically not a weapon, though clearly part of his arma. What is the Latin word for shield?

Answer 216

THEY’RE ALL WEAPONS

SCUTUM

Question 217

What do we call the region the Romans knew as Cisalpine Gaul?
Bonus: What region was Mauritania?

Answer 217

THE PO VALLEY (NORTHERN ITALY)

MOROCCO

Question 218

What two gods helped build the walls of Troy?

Bonus: What ancestor of Aeneas helped them?

Answer 218

APOLLO AND POSEIDON

ABACUS

Question 219

Who issued the Edict of Milan, legalizing Christianity in the Roman Empire?
Bonus: What emperor went further and made Christianity the only permissible religion of the Empire?

Answer 219

CONSTANTINE

THEODOSIUS (THE GREAT)

Question 220

This author is famous for many works, but was exiled from Rome by Augustus probably because of his Ars Amatoria. Who was it?
Bonus: This author’s most famous work is his Metamorphoses. What other author also wrote a work called the Metamorphoes or sometimes Asinus aureus?

Answer 220

OVID

APULEIUS

Question 221

Identify the tense and voice of the participle moriturus.

Bonus: Using this participle, say in Latin “I know that I will die”.

Answer 221

FUTURE ACTIVE

SCIO ME MORITURUM (ESSE)

Question 222

Distinguish between the verbs occïdo, occïdere, occïdï, occïsum and occidö, occidere, occidï, occäsum.
Bonus: Translate this sentence and tell me the tense and voice of the participle: Caesare occïso, senatores e curia exiverunt.

Answer 222

TO SLAY and TO PERISH

CAESAR KILLED, THE SENATORS LEFT THE SENATE-HOUSE, PERFECT PASSIVE

Question 223

The first civil wars in Rome broke out in the 80’s B.C., as Rome was preparing to fight this last great king in the East, the ruler of Pontus.
Bonus: How many wars did Rome fight with this ruler before he finally committed suicide in 63 B.C.?

Answer 223

MITHRIDATES

3

Question 224

How can a February certamen go without mention of the story of Cupid and Psyche? How did Psyche finally win permission to marry Cupid?
Bonus: The Cupid and Psyche story is probably an old one, but only one writer tells it in the ancient world. Who was this writer and what was the title of his work?

Answer 224

BY BRINGING BACK A LITTLE OF PERSEPHONE’S BEAUTY FROM THE UNDERWORLD
APULEIUS, METAMORPHOSES (THE GOLDEN ASS)

Question 225

Odi is a defective verb, which accounts for the famous phrase odi et amo. What do these words mean and who wrote these lines
Bonus: Whom did he write them about?

Answer 225

I LOVE AND I HATE, CATULLUS

LESBIA

Question 226

Take the number of conjugations, add the number of voices, and multiply by the number of tenses. Tell me your answer in Latin.
Bonus: Take the number of the hills of Rome and multiply by the number of the kings of Rome and give me you answer in Latin.

Answer 226

TRIGINTA SEX

UNDEQUINQUAGINTA

Question 227

What constellation was created when Aphrodite and Eros hid in a river?
Bonus: Whom were these gods hiding from?

Answer 227

PISCES

THE TITANS

Question 228

What was the Roman form of marriage for patricians, involving a cermony with cakes?
Bonus: This form of marriage became rare and was replaced by two more common forms. Name and describe them.

Answer 228

CONFARREATIO

COEMPTIO- PURCHASE, USUS- SIMPLY LIVING TOGETHER

Question 229

It is often said that Latin lacks the perfect active participle, but this is not strictly true. What type of verbs, by their nature, can only have perfect active participles?
Bonus: With that said, translate this sentence: Haec locuta, Julia ex atrio exit.

Answer 229

DEPONENTS

HAVING SPOKEN THESE WORDS, JULIA LEAVES OUT OF THE ATRIUM

Question 230

Pygmalion was the name of two famous characters in legend. Describe them.

Answer 230

THE SCULPTOR WHO CREATED THE LIVING WOMAN (GALATEA), DIDO’S BROTHER

Question 231

Distinguish in meaning between avus and nepos.

Bonus: Distinguish in meaning between mater and noverca.

Answer 231

GRANDFATHER AND GRANDSON

MOTHER AND STEP-MOTHER

Question 232

How and on what special day did Eurydice die?

Bonus: Orpheus himself came to a bad end. How did he die?

Answer 232

SNAKE BITE ON HER WEDDING DAY

TORN APART BY THE MAENADS

Question 233

Who was famous for writing Odes and Satires during the Age of Augustus?
Bonus: What other poet was famous for his Satires?

Answer 233

HORACE

JUVENAL/PERSIUS/LUCILIUS

Question 234

What is the superlative of parvus?

Bonus: What is the superlative of acer?

Answer 234

MINIMUS

ACERRIMUS

Question 235

At what great battle in 490 B.C. did the Greeks defeat the Persians and prevent the conquest of Greece?
Bonus. Who was the Persian king who launched this invasion?

Answer 235

MARATHON

DARIUS

Question 236

Please translate Tibi rogandus est.
Bonus 1: What participle helps form this curious verb tense?
Bonus 2: Now this: Tibi dona a me danda sunt.

Answer 236

YOU MUST ASK HIM
FUTURE PASSIVE
GIFTS MUST BE GIVEN BY ME TO YOU (OR I MUST GIVE YOU GIFTS)

Question 237

The first 5 emperors of Rome constitute the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Name all 5 in order.
Bonus: After the turmoil of 69 A.D., what dynasty took control of Rome and who, in order, were its members?

Answer 237

AUGUSTUS, TIBERIUS, CALIGULA, CLAUDIUS, NERO

FLAVIAN and VESPASIAN, TITUS, DOMITIAN

Question 238

Which of the following does not belong: pes, genu, pollex, avis, oculus? Avis.
Bonus: Please define those body parts.

Answer 238

AVIS

FOOT, KNEE, THUMB, EYE

Question 239

What Trojan priest warned his countrymen to beware of Greeks, even when bearing gifts?
Bonus: How was this priest punished for this warning?

Answer 239

LAOCOON

A PAIR OF SERVANTS DEVOURED HIM AND HIS TWO SONS

Question 240

Caesar’s wife, he said, “must be above suspicion. Well, Caesar actually had a number of wives. Which one did he divorce because of the Bona Dea scandal?
Bonus: What was the Bona Dea scandal?

Answer 240

CALPURNIA

CLODIUS SNEAKED INTO THE SACRED RITES DRESSED AS A WOMAN

Question 241

Translate this sentence: Equus celerior quam canis est.

Bonus: Let’s switch to the superlative. How would you say “the horse is very fast”.

Answer 241

A HORSE IS FASTER THAN A DOG

EQUUS CELERRIMUS EST

Question 242

What hero, a glory to Hera, was also known as Alcides?

Bonus: Who was this hero’s tutor in music that was killed by his pupil?

Answer 242

HERCULES

LINUS

Question 243

What is unusual about the noun vulgus?

Bonus: What is unusual about the noun domus?

Answer 243

IT IS NEUTER

EITHER 2ND DECLENSION OR 4TH BUT ALWAYS FEMININE

Question 244

What emperor ordered the compilation of the entire corpus of Roman law?
Bonus: What was the name of this code of law?

Answer 244

JUSTINIAN

THE DIGEST

Question 245

What group of three has names that mean Unresting, Grudging, and Avenging Murder?
Bonus: Name any one of the three.

Answer 245

THE FURIES

ALLECTO, TISIPHONE, MEGAERA

Question 246

What code of law was written in 451/450 B.C.?

Bonus: What magistrates drew up the laws?

Answer 246

THE LAW OF THE 12 TABLES
   THE DECEMVIRI (LEGIBUS SCRIBUNDIS)

Question 247

What rhetorical device is illustrated in this sentence: Si tecum patria loquatur, bene attendas?
Bonus: What device is represented here: Moriamur et in media arma ruamus?

Answer 247

PERSONIFICATION

HYSTERON-PROTERON

Question 248

What Roman historian told the history of the year of the Four Emperors?
Bonus: What Greek historian told the story of the Peloppenesian War?

Answer 248

TACITUS

THUCYDIDES

Question 249

What great Roman was made sole consul in 52 B.C.?
Bonus: This man was made sole consul to quell disturbances that began in January with the murder by Milo of this great enemy of Cicero outside of Rome on the Appian Way.

Answer 249

POMPEY

CLODIUS

Question 250

The particle ne is joined to what noun to create the word nemo.
Bonus: What were the two words, and their case and construction, that formed to create the adverb hodie?

Answer 250

HOMO

HOC DIE, ABLATIVE OF TIME WHEN

Question 251

What relative of Medea reluctantly purified her and Jason of fratricide?
Bonus: What brother of Medea had they slain?

Answer 251

CIRCE

ABSYRTUS

Question 252

Which emperor had the longest reign?

Bonus: Which emperor added the most territory to the Empire?

Answer 252

AUGUSTUS (X2)

Question 253

Both of them mean “each”, but there is an important difference between quisque and uterque. What is it?

Answer 253

QUISQUE- EACH OF MANY, UTERQUE- EACH OF TWO

Question 254

The Romans had some gods not found in Greek mythology. Who was the Roman god of beginnings and endings?

Answer 254

JANUS

Question 255

In the sentence Audio magistrum pueris respondentem what is the case and construction of pueris?
Bonus 1: In the sentence Pueri dormientes servos clamantes audiunt who is doing the shouting?
Bonus 2: Listen carefully and translate: Canis animal volans non est; animalia volantia sunt aves.

Answer 255

DATIVE OF INDIRECT OBJECT
THE SLAVES
A DOG IS NOT A FLYING ANIMAL; FLYING ANIMALS ARE BIRDS

Question 256

What office died out in Rome between the end of the 2nd Punic war and its revival by Sulla?
Bonus 1: Only one person after Sulla held the office of this office. Who was it?
Bonus 2: Another office also fell into abeyance after 70 A.D., during the period of the Civil Wars, due to its enormous power over the composition of the senate. What was it?

Answer 256

DICTATORSHIP
CAESAR
CENSORSHIP

Question 257

Translate the verb in this sentence: “Let’s remain at home”..
Bonus 1: Translate “at home”.
Bonus 2: Now make the sentence negative.

Answer 257

MANEAMUS
DOMI
NE MANEAMUS DOMI

Question 258

What unusual physical characteristic did Arges Brontes, and Steropes share?
Bonus: What unusual physical characteristic did Teiresias endure?

Answer 258

THEY HAD ONLY ONE EYE (CYCLOPS)

TO BE BOTH MAN AND WOMAN

Question 259

Translate the following sentence into Latin: He thinks that the man is fighting.
Bonus 1: Now this: “He thinks that the man was fighting”.
Bonus 2: Now: He thinks that the man will fight.

Answer 259

COGITAT VIRUM PUGNARE
COGITAT VIRUM PUGNAVISSE
COGITAT VIRUM PUGNATURUM ESSE

Question 260

What emperor of Rome brought the Age of the 5 Good Emperors to an end?
Bonus 1: What happenstance of nature caused this group of Good Emperors to come to an end?
Bonus 2: Who was the son, who was eventually assassinated, sparking yet another round of civil wars?

Answer 260

MARCUS AURELIUS
MARCUS AURELIUS HAD A SON
COMMODUS

Question 261

Say in Latin “on the fourth day”. Quarto die.
Bonus 1: Now say in Latin “in the seventh month”.
Bonus 2: Now say in Latin “within seven months”.

Answer 261

QUARTO DIE
SEPTIMO MENSE
SEPTEM MENSIBUS

Question 262

What woman supposedly gave all gifts to man (or so her name would suggest)?
Bonus: Actually, after she opened that box, we need a remedy for all the ills she inflicted. What English word, formed from Greek, means a “remedy for all evils” or a “cure-all”?

Answer 262

PANDORA

PANACEA

Question 263

We always ask a question like this: Crassus actually did not set out for his ill-fated Parthian campaign in 54 B.C. That year, of course, never existed. What year was it, counting A.U.C.?
Bonus 1: What does a.u.c. stand for and what does it mean?
Bonus 2: What kind of participle is condita?

Answer 263

700 A.U.C.
AB URBE CONDITA- FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY
PERFECT PASSIVE

Question 264

Festina lente was a favorite motto of Augustus. What does it mean?
Bonus 1: Make festina lente plural.
Bonus 2: Now make lente comparitive.

Answer 264

HURRY SLOWLY
FESTINATE LENTE
LENTIUS

Question 265

Achilles’ special troop of soldiers, industrious, strong, and brave, were called the Myrmidons and had been transformed into men from what creatures?
Bonus 1: Who transformed these creatures into men?
Bonus 2: This god transformed the creatures of the island Aegina (named after the lovely maiden Aegina) because Hera had sent a plague to wipe out its population. What had made her so angry?

Answer 265

ANTS
ZEUS
ZEUS HAD HAD AN AFFAIR WITH AEGINA

Question 266

Using odi, odisse, say in Latin “I hated that man”.

Bonus: Now make that future.

Answer 266

ISTUM VRUM ODERAM

ISTUM VIRUM ODERO

Question 267

Who provided the young man from Greece (Odysseus) with special herbs and charms so that he might complete his quest?
Bonus: This woman did not learn the dreadful incantations of her magical charms by herself, but from this dark goddess, often called the three-formed goddess?

Answer 267

MEDEA

HECATE

Question 268

With which of the following can hae not agree: naves, voces, pontes, dies?
Bonus 1: With which of the following can hi not agree: nautae, montes, milites, fabulae, scribae?
Bonus 2: With which of the following can soli not agree: deo, feminae, manus, igni?

Answer 268

PONTES
FABULAE
MANUS

Question 269

Poor Cicero! He headed the proscription list of the Second Triumvirate (Antony insisted) and was killed while fleeing Italy. His head was brought back to Rome and displayed where?
Bonus 1: Antony’s wife Fulvia must have been quite a character. What did she do to Cicero’s head before it was displayed?
Bonus 2: What series of bitter speeches had Cicero delivered against Antony to cause such hatred?

Answer 269

ON THE ROSTRA
PULLED OUT ITS TONGUE AND PIERCED IT WITH HER KNITTING NEEDLES
THE PHILLIPICS

Question 270

Cleopatra may have ruled Eygypt, but her ancestors were from what country?
Bonus 1: But Cleopatra was no descendant of the great Alexander. Which marshall of Alexander was her ancestor?
Bonus 2: Sometimes things are just handed to you on a platter. Alexander would never have been able to conquer the Persian Empire had the city states of Greece not been subdued first. What was the name of Alexander’s father who accomplished the task that the Persians never could?

Answer 270

MACEDONIA
PTOLEMY
PHILIP II

Question 271

What was the Latin name for the Rhine River?
Bonus 1: What was the Latin name for the Rhone River?
Bonus 2: What was the Latin name for the Po River?

Answer 271

RHENUS
RHODANUS
PADUS

Question 272

Watch out for case and number! In the sentence “Beware of Greeks, even bearing gifts” translate into Latin “bearing gifts”.
Bonus 1: In the sentence “Caesar saw the captured camp” translate into Latin “captured camp”.
Bonus 2: In the sentence “I saw the woman who was about to cry” the entire phrase “the woman who was about to cry” is express in Latin with one word. What is it? And, of course, watch out for case and gender.

Answer 272

FERENTES DONA
CASTRA CAPTA
LACRIMATURAM

Question 273

What chatty imperial author left us biographies of of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, full of gossip and unsavory details?
Bonus 1: Give me the name of the Greek writer who left us many biographies of famous Greek and Romans.
Bonus 2: This Greek historian wrote a “Secret History” of Justinian’s reign, as well as a more conventional, and complimentary, history of that emperor’s life and times.

Answer 273

SUETONIUS
PLUTARCH
PROCOPIUS

Question 274

Translate the subordinate verb in this sentence: “He said that he was walking to town”.
Bonus: Keeping everything else the same in the sentence, change the very only to “will walk”.

Answer 274

AMBULAVISSE

AMBULATURUM ESSE

Question 275

Welcome to the Chancellor Certamen. Give the Latin for the subordinate verb in the sentence “We ask that you write the answers, students.”
Bonus: For the bonus, write the entire sentence “We ask that you write the answers,students.”

Answer 275

SCRIBATIS

ROGAMUS UT SCRIBATIS RESPONSA, DISCIPULI

Question 276

What is located in the Roman Forum and known as “Mamertine”?

Bonus: In what part of the Mamertine were executions held?

Answer 276

PRISON

TULLIANUM

Question 277

According to the author Suetonius, Augustus beat his head and tore his hair in dismay because what general had lost three legions to the Germans?
Bonus: Where and when did the disastrous defeat take place?

Answer 277

(P. QUINCTILIUS) VARUS

TUETONBURG FOREST, AD 9

Question 278

What was the name of the staff entwined with snakes which was carried by Hermes?
Bonus: The caduceus replaced the staff entwined by one snake which originally represented the Greek god of medicine and healing. Who is this god?

Answer 278

CADUCEUS

ASCLEPIUS

Question 279

Give the two active participles for the Latin verb ago, agere.
Bonus: Give the two perfect passive participles for ago, agere.

Answer 279

AGENS AND ACTURUS

ACTUS AND AGENDUS

Question 280

We often talk about being caught between a rock and a hard place. What was the mythological equivalent, experienced by Odysseus and Aeneas?
Bonus: Our heroes encountered these creatures probably in the Straits of Messina. Where are the Straits of Messina located?

Answer 280

SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS

BETWEEN SICILY AND ITALY

Question 281

What title, bestowed in 27 BC, did Augustus prefer to be called?
Bonus: What title used by later emperors originally could only be bestowed by the troops after a military victory?

Answer 281

PRINCEPS

IMPERATOR

Question 282

What is the fourth principal part of the verb fero, ferre?

Bonus: What is the difference between the noun latus and the adjective latus?

Answer 282

LATUS

NOUN- SIDE, ADJECTIVE- WIDE

Question 283

Which triumvir was killed at the Battle of Carrhae in 52 BC?

Bonus: Against what foe did the Romans lose?

Answer 283

(MARCUS LICINIUS) CRASSUS

PARTHIANS

Question 284

In the sentence “seeing is believing,” translate “seeing” into Latin.
Bonus: In the sentence “I believe that I have had enough seeing”, translate “seeing”
into Latin.

Answer 284

VIDERE

VIDENDI

Question 285

Translate the subordinate clause in the following sentence into Latin using a purpose clause: “I am going to Rome to see the king.”
Bonus: Now translate the same clause using a gerundive.

Answer 285

UT REGEM VIDEAM

AD REGEM VIDENDUM

Question 286

What cult, most appealing to soldiers, was represented by a man, born from a rock or tree, slaying a bull? The Romans were introduced to this cult after troops reached Persia during the reign of Nero.
Bonus: In what disgusting ritual did soldiers participate in order to become initiated?

Answer 286

MITHRAISM

BATHE/SHOWER IN THE BLOOD OF A SACRIFICED BULL

Question 287

Who was the first Roman emperor to build a wall across Britain in order to keep out the barbarians?
Bonus: Which emperor sent a legion to Britain to gather sea-shells?

Answer 287

HADRIAN

CALIGULA (GAIUS)

Question 288

In what city of the ancient world was the Pharos, or lighthouse, located?
Bonus: In what city of the ancient world were the hanging gardens located?

Answer 288

ALEXANDRIA

BABYLON

Question 289

The winners write the history but sometimes the losers become national heroes. Who became a French national hero after losing to Julius Caesar and the Romans at Alesia?
Bonus: What woman became a British national heroine after losing to the Romans in AD 61?

Answer 289

VERCINGETORIX

BOUDICCA

Question 290

Seneca, Tacitus, Martial, and Pliny are all authors from what age of Latin literature?
Bonus: Which of the authors, Seneca, Tacitus, Martial, and Pliny, is known for his witty epigrams?

Answer 290

SILVER

MARTIAL

Question 291

Using a gerundive, translate into Latin the expression of purpose in this sentence: “They came to free the slaves.”
Bonus: Now translate that expression of purpose using a purpose clause.

Answer 291

AD SERVOS LIBERANDOS

UT SERVOS LIBERARENT

Question 292

Translate this phrase from Cicero: Quae cum ita sint.

Bonus: What is the meaning of the Ciceronian phrase Ubinam gentium sumus?

Answer 292

SINCE THESE THINGS ARE SO/THEREFORE

WHERE IN THE WORLD ARE WE?

Question 293

Identify the common bond: Pharae, Delos, Dodona, Cumae, Delphi.
Bonus: Which of these sites was a famous oracle to Zeus?

Answer 293

ORACLES

DODONA

Question 294

Name, in order of their reigns, the “Five Good Emperors”.
Bonus: What historian who flourished during the reigns of Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian wrote works called Historiae, Annales, and Agricola?

Answer 294

NERVA, TRAJAN, HADRIAN, ANTONINUS PIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS

TACITUS

Question 295

What type of gladiator was a bestiarius?

Bonus: What did the Romans call the condemned criminals who were forced to fight as gladiators?

Answer 295

ONE WHO FOUGHT WILD ANIMALS

DAMNATI

Question 296

What is the literal meaning of the Latin abbreviation H.I.S. or, in later years, H.J.S.? You would usually see it inscribed on tombstones.
Bonus: Give the Latin phrase for “May he rest in peace”.

Answer 296

HERE LIES BURIED

REQUIESCAT IN PACE

Question 297

From what island did the paranoid emperor Tiberius rule the empire?
Bonus: What head of the Praetorian guard led a conspiracy against Tiberius to gain control of the empire?

Answer 297

CAPRI

SEJANUS

Question 298

What sculptor, dissatisfied with the real women around him, fell in love with his own beautiful statue?
Bonus: What was the name of this beautiful, statuesque woman?

Answer 298

PYGMALION

GALATEA

Question 299

Going to school in the mid-Atlantic region during the winter is always exciting because we often miss days due to snowfall. How do we say in Latin: “Let it snow”?
Bonus: What is the nominative, genitive, and gender for the Latin noun meaning “snow”?

Answer 299

NINGAT

NIX, NIVIS, F.

Question 300

In the Zodiac, what sign represents the brothers Castor and Pollux?
Bonus: In the Zodiac, what sign represents Almathea, the goat who nourished the infant Zeus?

Answer 300

GEMINI

CAPRICORN

Question 301

What modern country takes its name from the Latin word for silver?
Bonus: What Mediterranean island takes it name from the Latin word for copper?

Answer 301

ARGENTINA

CYPRUS

Question 302

What governor of Sicily cruelly looted that province and was later exiled following bitter orations by Cicero?
Bonus: What mathematician’s tomb did Cicero find while he was quaestor in Sicily?

Answer 302

VERRES

ARCHIMEDES

Question 303

Who was the author of the Satyricon?
Bonus: During the Satyricon, there is a comical dinner-party given by a self-made millionaire and freedman. Who gave this dinner?

Answer 303

PETRONIUS

TRIMALCHIO

Question 304

What figure of speech is the use of a word, usually a proper noun, in place of another which it suggests?
Bonus: Which figure of speech is an exaggeration for effect?

Answer 304

METONYMY

HYPERBOLE

Question 305

What Roman assembly regularly met in the Campus Martius and elected censors, praetors, and consuls?
Bonus: Which assembly was the chief legislative body and elected quaestors and aediles?

Answer 305

COMITIA CENTURIATA

COMITIA TRIBUTA

Question 306

Because of the death of Androgeus, King Minos of Crete demanded what as tribute from Athens?
Bonus: What was the fate of these tributes?

Answer 306

SEVEN YOUTHS AND SEVEN MAIDENS

THEY WERE FED TO THE MINOTAUR

Question 307

What is ancient Rome was a bestiarius?

Bonus: What in ancient Rome was a naumachia?

Answer 307

A TYPE OF GLADIATOR WHO FOUGHT ANIMALS

A MOCK NAVAL BATTLE/A PLACE CONSTRUCTED FOR A MOCK NAVAL BATTLE

Question 308

What is the comparative form of the adverb magnopere?

Bonus: What is the superlative form?

Answer 308

MAGIS

MAXIME

Question 309

Give the Latin for the verb “send” in the sentence “I know that my father will send me a letter.”
Bonus: Give the correct form for “send” in the sentence “If my father should send me a letter, I would be happy.”

Answer 309

MISSURUM ESSE

MITTAT

Question 310

What was the term for a priest who would prophesy the future by taking the auspices?
Bonus: What was the term for a priest who would prophesy the future by examining the entrails of sacrificed animals?

Answer 310

AUGUR/AUGURES

HARUSPEX/HARUSPICES

Question 311

In 63 BC, the consul Marcus Tullius Cicero put down a conspiracy by what man to overthrow the government and gain control?
Bonus: What title did the senate give Cicero after successfully exposing and preventing this revolution?

Answer 311

CATILINE

PATER PATRIAE

Question 312

Who set off on a journey to find his father, long overdue at home after the end of the Trojan War?
Bonus: What was the name of Odysseus’ dog who first recognized his master after he returned home?

Answer 312

TELEMACHUS

ARGUS

Question 313

Give the Latin for a greeting given by gladiators to the emperor or giver of the gladiatorial games.
Bonus: How did the giver of the games give the signal for the games to begin?

Answer 313

(AVE, IMPERATOR) MORITURI TE SALUTANT

DROPPING A NAPKIN (MAPPA)

Question 314

What Latin phrase is used to describe a habitual or typical procedure for performing some action or carrying out some activity? It is abbreviated m.o.
Bonus: What Latin phrase could be used to describe the m.o as it stands at the present?

Answer 314

MODUS OPERANDI

STATUS QUO

Question 315

Spell the Latin name for the mountain range which runs down through the peninsula of Italy.
Bonus: What mountain range separated Gallia and Hispania?

Answer 315

APPENNINUS/APPENNINI

PYRENEES

Question 316

Divorce was as prominent in ancient Rome as it is today. Which wife did Julius Caesar divorce?
Bonus: After 30 years of marriage, whom did Cicero divorce in order to marry a rich, young wife?

Answer 316

POMPEIA

TERENTIA

Question 317

Qui poeta clarus Veronae natus est?

Bonus: Qui poeta clarus Venusiae natus est?

Answer 317

CATULLUS

HORACE

Question 318

What is the adverb for the Latin adjective fortis?

Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin word forte?

Answer 318

FORTITER

BY CHANCE

Question 319

In AD 476, the last Roman emperor in the West was deposed. Name the barbarian who removed this youngster from the throne.
Bonus: How many years longer did the Eastern Roman Empire survive before it fell?

Answer 319

ODOACER

997

Question 320

What festival in ancient Rome involved, among other things, scantily-clad youths running through the streets brandishing leather thongs said to promote fertility?
Bonus: What Christian holiday replaced this festival?

Answer 320

LUPERCALIA

ST. VALENTINE’S DAY

Question 321

How many consulships did Gaius Marius hold?

Bonus: Of whom was Sulla speaking when he said, “I see in this man many Mariuses.”?

Answer 321

SEVEN

JULIUS CAESAR

Question 322

What was the purpose of the laudatio at a Roman funeral?

Bonus: Who gave Julius Caesar’s laudatio?

Answer 322

TO GIVE THE EULOGY

MARC ANTONY

Question 323

To what Roman orator is the phrase O tempora! O mores! attributed?
Bonus: To what Roman poet is the phrase Carpe diem attributed?

Answer 323

(MARCUS TULLIUS) CICERO

HORACE

Question 324

What tense of the subjunctive is used for the hortatory constructions?
Bonus: What tense of the subjunctive is used for the past contrary to fact constructions?

Answer 324

PRESENT

PLUPERFECT

Question 325

What philosophy teaches that self-control, fortitude, and detachment from distracting emotions allow one to become a clear thinker?
Bonus: Which emperor of Rome, who reigned jointly with Verus, was a proponent of this philosophy?

Answer 325

STOICISM

MARCUS AURELIUS

Question 326

What type of accusative is found in the following sentence? Canis duas menses dormiebat.
Bonus: What type of accusative is found in this sentence: Puer dixit corpus sepultum esse?

Answer 326

EXTENT OF TIME

INDIRECT STATEMENT

Question 327

Lately, in the news, all we’ve been hearing about are Democratic and Republican primaries. Many have suggested that a victory for Senator Clinton would actually just be a third term for her husband Bill. But Bill would have a hard time competing with which Roman general, who was consul seven times?
Bonus: Our own history has shown us that the relatives of politicians often follow in their footsteps, as our current president followed his father. Who was the man above’s nephew, who also became consul?

Answer 327

MARIUS

JULIUS CAESAR

Question 328

Please give the use of the dative case in the following sentence: Mihi est consilium.
Bonus: Give an idiomatic translation of the sentence from the toss-up.

Answer 328

POSSESSION

I HAVE A PLAN

Question 329

Who was the muse of comedy?

Bonus: Who was the muse of dance?

Answer 329

THALIA

TERPSICHORE

Question 330

What two parts of speech is a participle?

Bonus: What two parts of speech is an infinitive?

Answer 330

VERB AND ADJECTIVE

NOUN AND VERB

Question 331

In political campaigns, labor unions are often powerful forces whose endorsements are sought by numerous hopeful candidates. In ancient Rome, most difficult labor was done by slaves, who did not have the backing of powerful unions. They only had one method of protest: a revolt. Which Thracian slave led the largest slave revolt in Roman history, a force of at least 70,000?
Bonus: Politicians today negotiate with labor unions for an outcome beneficial for everyone. The Romans employed a different strategy. Which Roman general was mainly responsible for the defeat of the man above’s army? He also ordered the crucification of 6,000 slaves along the Via Appia.

Answer 331

SPARTACUS

CRASSUS

Question 332

Of the following, which author is most well known for his comedies: Catullus, Plautus, Martial?
Bonus: What is Martial known for?

Answer 332

PLAUTUS

EPIGRAMS

Question 333

What degree would be used to indicate that something is very short?
Bonus: Say in Latin, “the swords are very short.”

Answer 333

SUPERLATIVE

GLADII BREVISSIMI SUNT

Question 334

In Latin, ask me if I am allowed to drink wine.

Bonus: Translate into Latin: “Does driving please you?”

Answer 334

LICETNE IBI VINUM BIBERE?

PLACETNE TIBI AGERE [VEHICULUM]?

Question 335

Where was the famous oracle dedicated to Apollo?

Bonus: The oracle was located on the slopes of what mountain?

Answer 335

DELPHI

MOUNT PARNASSUS

Question 336

During President Kennedy’s term, there were numerous rumors about Marilyn Monroe, and during the term of President Clinton, we heard a lot about Monica Lewinski. Who was the ruler of Egypt, who captured the attentions of both Julius Caesar and Marc Antony?
Bonus: The Roman people did not appreciate foreign queens distracting their leaders, and the person above was not welcomed in their city. This made her future plans for her son with Caesar seem less and less likely. Who was this boy, who suffered an unfortunate fate at the hands of Octavian?

Answer 336

CLEOPATRA

CAESARION

Question 337

There are many ways to express purpose in Latin prose. Give two correct ways to translate “to see” in this sentence: “I came to see Caesar.”

Answer 337

UT VIDEREM, VIDENDUM, VISUM

Question 338

What daughters of Atlas were assigned to guard the Golden Apples?
Bonus: To what group of the daughters of Atlas did Maia, mother of Hermes, belong?

Answer 338

HESPERIDES

PLEIADES

Question 339

Name the priestess who resided in a cave near the Greek city of Naples.
Bonus: To whom did she give the Sybilline books?

Answer 339

CUMAEN SIBYL

TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS

Question 340

In America, there are Republicans and Democrats. In Rome, they didn’t really have such organized political parties, but there were names used to divide various political groups. Name these two groups.
Bonus: With which group is Marius associated? What about Sulla?

Answer 340

OPTIMATES AND POPULARES

MARIUS- POPULARES, SULLA- OPTIMATES

Question 341

Since this is a TJ certamen, a science question is necessary. Give the Latin name and English translation of the abbreviation Fe from the periodic table.
Bonus: Give the Latin and English for Na.

Answer 341

FERRUM- IRON

NATRIUM- SODIUM

Question 342

In troubled times like these, we need a strong president who knows what to do. Perhaps we should follow the Roman example, and convince an ex-politician to leave his farm and defend the country. Who was the Roman farmer who left his plough to help defend his people?
Bonus: We do have an American example from long ago—what president is known as the American version of the person before?

Answer 342

CINCINNATUS

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Question 343

Responde Latine: Quod erat praenomen Caesaris?

Bonus: Responde Latine: Quid dixit Caesar, cum Rubiconem transisset?

Answer 343

GAIUS

ALEA IACTA EST

Question 344

What case do the adjectives peritus, cupidus, and plenus take?
Bonus: Define these adjectives.

Answer 344

GENITIVE

PERITUS- SKILLFUL, CUPIDUS- DESIROUS, PLENUS- FULL

Question 345

This group of daughters were told to kill their husbands on their wedding nights; ninety-eight percent of them did. Who were these daughters?
Bonus: How many daughters killed their husbands?

Answer 345

DANAIDS

100

Question 346

Roman authors, in particular Vergil, were influenced by what author of the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Bonus: What early 20th century Irish author wrote Ulysses, the story of the Odyssey set in modern Dublin?

Answer 346

HOMER

JAMES JOYCE

Question 347

The Maenads followed this god. Who was he?

Bonus: The Maenads tore up this god’s cousin, who didn’t believe in this god’s divinity.

Answer 347

DIONYSUS/BACCHUS

PENTHEUS

Question 348

A “sponsalia” was a ceremony announcing what event?

Bonus: Responde Latine: What was the Roman equivalent of the Matron of Honor?

Answer 348

ENGAGEMENT

PRONUBA

Question 349

What use of quam is found in the following sentence? Advenite domum quam primum.
Bonus: What use of quam is found in the following sentence? Quam arborem ascendit?

Answer 349

QUAM+SUPERLATIVE- AS __ AS POSSIBLE

INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE

Question 350

Sadly, the triumvirate plan is not a viable option, as Hugh Laurey is in fact British. So, yet another idea to free us off our numerous problems: resurrect Cicero! To do so, we’ll have to go to his birthplace to pick up his clothes. Where was he born?
Bonus: Now, to resurrect Rome’s greatest orator, we must go to the place of his death. Where did he die?

Answer 350

ARPINUM

FORMIAE

Question 351

We’re known as an elderly couple associated with oak and linden trees.
Bonus: We’re known as a couple repopulating the earth, one rock at a time.

Answer 351

BAUCIS AND PHILEMON

PYRRHA AND DEUCALION

Question 352

Responde Anglice: How many animals were sacrificed in the Roman religious ceremony suovetaurilia and what were the animals?
Bonus: After the animals were sacrificed, their organs were inspected to see if they were favorable. What type of person in ancient times held this position?

Answer 352

THREE- PIG, SHEEP, BULL

HARUSPEX

Question 353

Translate the following sentence: Si te videam, laeta sim.

Bonus: What type of conditional clause is used in this sentence?

Answer 353

IF I SHOULD SEE YOU, I WOULD BE HAPPY

SHOULD/WOULD OR FUTURE LESS VIVID

Question 354

Poor Phineus, stuck on an island constantly being annoyed by these creatures; at least he was eventually rescued by the Argonauts. Who were these creatures?
Bonus: The leader of the harpies was known as ____.

Answer 354

HARPIES

CELAENO

Question 355

Which of the following words is not derived from the same Latin word as the others: Equestrian, equator, equitation, equine,?
Bonus: From what Latin adjective is this word derived?

Answer 355

EQUATOR

AEQUUS, -A, -UM

Question 356

We have just been notified that the government refuses to finance our proposition of resurrecting Rome’s greatest orator. So, we must find yet another way to deal with our problems. Maybe a dictator is in order? Someone to delay our enemies with guerilla tactics. The Romans had such a leader in the second Punic War. Who was he?

Answer 356

QUINTUS FABIUS MAXIMUS

Question 357

The Romans were fortunate to have many great leaders during all three of the Punic wars. During the first Punic war, who was the consul, captured by the Carthiginians and sent to Rome to negotiate a peace treaty, who advised his fellow Romans to continue the fight. He honored his agreement with the Carthiginians by returning, and there, he was executed. They placed him inside a spiked barrel and rolled it down a hill. Who was he?

Answer 357

REGULUS

Question 358

I’m one of the sons of Priam, one who lived after the Trojan war. I’m a seer by trade, and ended up marrying my brother’s wife.
Bonus: Who was the said wife?

Answer 358

HELENUS

ANDROMACHE

Question 359

What does it mean if a Roman tombstone says, “Dis Manibus”?

Bonus: Who co-ruled with Marcus Aurelius, for part of his rule during the reign of the 5 emperors?

Answer 359

TO THE SPIRITS OF THE DEAD

LUCIUS VERUS

Question 360

Give the 3rd person singular, pluperfect active subjunctive form of the verb: Scribo, scribere.
Bonus: Change that to the imperfect subjunctive, keeping same person.

Answer 360

SCRIPSISSET

SCRIBERET

Question 361

In General, it’s not a good thing to challenge the gods. What satyr challenged Apollo to a musical duel with Tmolus as judge?
Bonus: What other satyr challenged Apollo to a musical duel judged by the Muses, lost, and was consequently flayed alive?

Answer 361

PAN

MARSYAS

Question 362

During whose rule did Mount Vesuvius erupt?

Bonus: The Arch of this man in Rome commemorates his conquest of which city in 70 C.E.?

Answer 362

TITUS

JERUSALEM

Question 363

This man, king of the island upon which the box containing Danae and Perseus landed, wanted to take Danae as his bride.
Bonus: This man, a fisherman and brother of the man above, had rescued Danae and Perseus from the box in the first place. He was instated king after the man above met his demise.

Answer 363

POLYDECTES

DICTYS

Question 364

What is the name for those nouns for which the genitive plural ends in ium?
Bonus: Which of the following nouns does not have a genitive plural ending in –ium: Nox, as, hostis, os, mons?

Answer 364

I-STEMS

OS

Question 365

In the Roman army, who were the sagittarii?

Bonus: What was a scutum?

Answer 365

ARCHERS

SHIELD

Question 366

Who constructed the Pantheon, under Augustus’ orders?

Bonus: Which Roman emperor added the dome to the building?

Answer 366

AGRIPPA

HADRIAN

Question 367

Using the verb capio, capere: Translate just the verb in the following sentence: “The conspirators were seized in Philippi.”
Bonus: Now translate “in Phillippi”.

Answer 367

CAPTI SUNT

PHILLIPIS

Question 368

Complete the analogy: vox is to vocis as tempestas is to ____.
Bonus: What is the meaning of tempestas, tempestatis?

Answer 368

TEMPESTATIS

WEATHER

Question 369

From what Latin verb, meaning to touch, do we get the English words integral, contiguity, and attain?
Bonus: What English adjective meaning “real or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary” comes from this word?

Answer 369

TANGO

TANGIBLE

Question 370

Heracles killed this music tutor by hurling the teacher’s own lyre at him.
Bonus: Brash and impatient and capable of feeling incredibly guilty, Heracles wrestled Death to bring back this wife of Admetus. She had died for her husband in order to extend her husband’s life.

Answer 370

LINUS

ALCESTIS

Question 371

Enough of these boring history questions. Now for something more interesting. Let’s talk about mothers. Mothers are often very doting on their children, and love them very much. This was true in ancient Rome. The Roman woman Cornelia called her two boys her “jewels.” Who were her two boys?
Bonus: When did Tiberius die? 133 B.C.E

Answer 371

TIBERIUS AND GAIUS GRACCHUS

133 BCE

Question 372

Welcome to the Cinema Romana! What current movie would the Romans have called “Erit sanguis”?
Bonus: What current movie would the Romans have called “Nova silva”?

Answer 372

THERE WILL BE BLOOD

A STRANGE WILDERNESS

Question 373

You will all be very happy to hear that the history questions in this round will follow a theme of movies and TV-shows. “300,” is the Hollywood version of a handful of Spartans, armed with only spears and protected solely by leather loincloths, fighting to the death against all odds. This incorrect but nonetheless enjoyable depiction of the Spartans’ fight against the Persians is actually based on the story of which battle in history?
Bonus: When did this battle occur?

Answer 373

THERMOPYLAE

480 BCE

Question 374

While drama was originally invented by the Greeks, like many aspects of Greek culture, it was imitated by the Romans. Which Roman comic playwright wrote about a “haunted house”?
Bonus: What later Roman writer, known primarily for his letters, wrote to his friend about a supposed haunted house in Athens?

Answer 374

PLAUTUS

PLINY THE YOUNGER

Question 375

Give the Latin noun and its meaning from which we derive the English verb “fluctuate.”
Bonus: Now give a Latin verb from which we derive the English noun “fluidity.”

Answer 375

FLUCTUS- WAVE

FLUERE- TO FLOW

Question 376

What was the name given to female followers of Bacchus?

Bonus: Who are we? We sisters scorned the rites of Bacchus, so he turned us into bats.

Answer 376

MAENADS

MINYADES/MINYAE

Question 377

Using the Latin noun for ‘step’, translate the following English sentence into Latin using a dative of possession: “I have the best grades.”
Bonus: Again using a dative of possession, translate into Latin: “My friends have better grades than me.”

Answer 377

OPTIMI GRADUS SUNT MIIHI

MELIORES GRADUS SUNT AMICIS QUAM MIHI

Question 378

Give the name of the city that was the home of Orestes, Clytemnestra, Iphigenia, and Agamemnon.
Bonus: This city is said to have been founded by what hero of legend?

Answer 378

MYCENAE

PERSEUS

Question 379

Roman poets would often imitate Greek works as models for their work. Virgil’s Aeneid, for example, follows Homer’s Odyssey. What Greek poetess does Catullus imitate in his poem 51?
Bonus: What literary term is used to describe Catullus 64, a short, “mini-epic”?

Answer 379

SAPPHO

EPYLLION

Question 380

Listen to the following passage, and respond in
English to the question that follows. Vir praeclarus in historia Romae erat Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Semper vim in proelio vim dicendi vim mentis praestitit. Ei cognomen “Magnum” a Sulla datum est. Deinde piratas tres menses pugnabat, et eos superavit. Cum Crassa Caesareque prīmum triumviratum finxit, quamquam postquam a Caesare ad Pharsalam vincitur. What were two strengths which Pompey had?
Bonus: How long did it take for him to defeat the pirates?

Answer 380

IN BATTLE, OF SPEAKING, OF THE MIND

THREE MONTHS

Question 381

Give the use of the dative in this sentence: Omnia mihi simul agenda erant.
Bonus: Now translate that sentence

Answer 381

AGENT

EVERYTHING HAD TO BE DONE BY ME ONCE

Question 382

What province bordering the Black Sea was home to the cities Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius, Nicaea and Apamea? It is also where Catullus spent a year on the staff of Gaius Memmius.
Bonus: Memmius was governor of this province around 57 BC. What Roman writer/ politician served as governor of this province from 103 – 105 AD?

Answer 382

BITHYNIA

PLINY THE YOUNGER

Question 383

The popular TV show, “House M.D.” features a blatantly sarcastic and manipulative doctor who ensures that no one leaves his presence without a snide remark. House’s only friend is Princeton Plainsboro’s unfortunate head of oncology, Wilson. House’s characteristics also seem to be shared by Cicero, Rome’s greatest orator. Who was Cicero’s close friend, to whom he wrote quite often?
Bonus: Cicero, like House, was unable to hold his tongue, and often offended people he would have been better off praising. In the end, Cicero’s offenses caught up to him, and he was killed. Where and when did this occur?
(December 7,) 43 B.C.E at Formiae

Answer 383

ATTICUS

DECEMBER 7, 43 BCE; FORMIAE

Question 384

Which of the following authors did NOT write during the “Golden Age”: Propertius, Livy, Ovid, or Quintilian?
Bonus: What subject did this author primarily concern himself with?

Answer 384

QUINTILLIAN

RHETORIC

Question 385

Give the two possible tenses and moods of loquimini?
Bonus: In school, teachers are much more likely to say ‘Don’t talk’ than ‘Talk!’. How would you render that in Latin, using the verb loquor?

Answer 385

PRESENT INDICATIVE, PRESENT IMPERATIVE

NOLI/NOLITE LOQUI

Question 386

Who was the goddess of the rainbow?

Bonus: This goddess took whose form in book 12 of the Aeneid??=

Answer 386

IRIS

JUTURNA

Question 387

The Pythian games were held in honor of which god?
Bonus: At the same site as the Pythian games, there was a stone thought by Greeks to be the center of the universe. Give the name of this stone.

Answer 387

APOLLO

OMPHALOS STONE

Question 388

The new Rambo movie, starring Sylvester Stallone, is in reality two hours of senseless killing, explosions, and death. Some people have suggested that such movies are just making our society more violent, but, violence has been part of human nature for thousands of years. Which Roman ended every single speech he gave with the hardly peace-promoting phrase “Carthago Delenda Est?”

Answer 388

CATO THE ELDER

Question 389

The Rambo movies also seem to suggest that no matter how long you fight or how long people shoot at you, you will never die. Real life works a little differently. Who was the Roman general, during the 3rd Samnite war who blindfolded himself and charged into battle, ensuring his death and the victory of his troops?

Answer 389

DECIUS MUS

Question 390

Name the three poetic devices used in this line from book 1 of Vergil’s Aeneid: “Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis//circum claustra fremunt;”

Answer 390

ONOMATOPOEIA, ANASTROPHE, ALLITERATION

Question 391

What do the following have in common: Haliai, Oreades, Hamadryads, Nereids, Naiads?
Bonus: Which two of the previous are beings of salt water?

Answer 391

TYPES OF NYMPHS

HALIAI AND NEREIDS

Question 392

The last history question of the round will connect to The Sopranos, a television show which recently aired its last episode. Like in the TV show, gangs were also present in ancient Rome. The most famous occurrence of gangs was during the late Republic with the conflict between Clodius and Milo. Which of these men died first?
Bonus: In what year did Clodius die?

Answer 392

CLODIUS

52 BCE

Question 393

What verb does not belong for reasons of grammar, and why: Parco, noceo, servo, persuadeo?
Bonus: Of those 4 verbs, which has a reduplicative perfect stem?

Answer 393

SERVO, THE OTHERS TAKE THE DATIVE CASE

PARCO (PEPERCI)

Question 394

During the first Punic war, the Romans were pestered by the notorious pirates of Illyricum. Illyricum’s queen ignored Roman complaints. In a few days, she was greeted by nearly 200 Roman ships, and was forced to abandon all her nation’s claims to any islands, renounce her conquests in Greece, and cut her naval forces. Who was this ruler?

Answer 394

TEUTA

Question 395

Ancient poets named a certain metrical foot after their finger, because fingers have a long bone followed by two short bones. What was this type of foot called?
Bonus: If you wanted to write a poem in dactylic hexameter, how many feet would be in each line, and which foot has to have a dactyl?

Answer 395

DACTYL

6 METRICAL FEET PER LINE, THE 5TH FOOT HAS TO BE A DACTYL

Question 396

We all know that “ut” is a word that often followed by the subjunctive, but when used with the indicative how would one translate it?
Bonus: “Dum” is a word that means “while” or “as long as” in the indicative, but when used with the subjunctive how would one translate it?

Answer 396

AS/HOW/WHEN

UNTIL

Question 397

Complete this analogy: Self-restraint is to stoicism as pleasure is to ____.
Bonus: Which emperor, who wrote a series of essays known now as “Meditationes,” strongly embraced Stoicism?

Answer 397

EPICUREANISM

MARCUS AURELIUS

Question 398

As you might have guessed, the history questions in this round will discuss powerful women in Roman history. Who was the queen of Palmyra who revolted against the Romans?
Bonus: Who was emperor during the revolt?

Answer 398

ZENOBIA

AURELIAN

Question 399

Publius Ovidius Naso was a prolific writer, and apparently, lover, in ancient times. What was his lover’s name in the “Amores”?
Bonus: Ovid was exiled due to his “Carmen et error”. To what place was he exiled?

Answer 399

CORINNA

TOMIS, ON THE BLACK SEA

Question 400

Toss Up 8. Differentiate in meaning between the Latin verbs “ pereo, perere” and “perdo, perdere.”
Bonus: Differentiate in meaning between the Latin verbs “pendeo, pendere” and “pando pandere”.

Answer 400

PERERE- TO PERISH, PERDERE- TO DESTROY

PENDERE- TO DEPEND, PANDERE- TO REVEAL

Question 401

Quis sum? Filius sororis Daedali eram, et Daedalus me necavit.
Bonus: Quis sum? Daedalus necavit me in thermis.

Answer 401

PERDIX/TALUS/CALUS

MINOS

Question 402

Which Roman province on the Black Sea has a name that means literally “sea?”
Bonus: With which king of this region did Sulla fight?

Answer 402

PONTUS

MITHRIDATES

Question 403

Another powerful woman might as well have been the empress of Rome. Don’t think Agrippina here, although there are some similarities. This woman’s son became emperor at the age of fourteen, and she took the reigns from him until the end of his rule. Who was this woman, the mother of Severus Alexander?
Bonus: Who was Severus Alexander’s predecessor, an extravagant young man who thought of himself as an Oriental Sun God?

Answer 403

JULIA MAMAEA

ELAGABALUS

Question 404

How many elisions are there in this line of poetry, which I will read aloud as prose: “Conticuere omnes, intentique ora tenebant
Bonus: What is the term, meaning a “yawning”, for the pause between words that would normally be elided but are not?

Answer 404

TWO

HIATUS

Question 405

Which of the following words is not an I-stem: bos, vis, pars, mare, civis?
Bonus: Decline vis in the singular:

Answer 405

BOS

VIS, VIS, VI, VIM, VI

Question 406

Which Roman value, meaning roughly “duty,” is associated with Aeneas?
Bonus: What other value, meaning “prestige” or “worth,” is associated with Cicero?

Answer 406

PIETAS

DIGNITAS

Question 407

Who am I? My husband, the king, had willed my kingdom to the Romans. They confiscated our farmlands and raped my daughters. But I sought revenge by collecting an army and capturing the colony of Camulodunum. I then proceeded to march on Londinium where I ordered the massacre of 70,000 Romans. After being defeated by another Roman legion, I took my own life.
Bonus: Who was the Roman general who defeated this queen’s forces?

Answer 407

BOUDICCA

SUETONIUS PAULINUS

Question 408

What does the phrase Mirabile dictu! mean?

Bonus: What grammatical construction is seen in the phrase, and what gender is it?

Answer 408

MARVELOUS TO SAY!

THE SUPINE, NEUTER

Question 409

Complete the following analogy: participles are to adjectives as gerunds are to what?
Bonus: Complete the following analogy: participles are to adjectives as gerundives are to what?

Answer 409

NOUNS

ADJECTIVES

Question 410

This sorceress, after killing her two sons, escaped in a carriage pulled by dragons.
Bonus: A play of the same name was written by the Greek playwright Euripides, but also by what Roman author of the Silver Age?

Answer 410

MEDEA

SENECA

Question 411

Often the last question in a round asks students to perform a silly command or moo like a cow. We are much more grown up in the upper level, right? So instead, after being recognized, please imitate what Aeneas does in the following line from Book I of the Aeneid, which I will read in prose: ingemit et, duplices, tendens ad sidera palmas.
Bonus: Have one team member display the emotion felt by Aeneas in this line, from the end of book II: Obstipui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit .

Answer 411

STRETCH BOTH HANDS TO SKY, GROANING

LOOK AMAZED, SCARED, HAIR ON END, GRABBING THROAT, ANYTHING SIMILAR TO THAT EFFECT

Question 412

The history theme for the third round is rulers, battles and laws. During the Civil war with Pompey, where and when did Caesar suffer a major defeat upon landing in Greece?
Bonus: Immediately before the battle of Pharsalus, Caesar’s trusted centurion Crastinus told Caesar “Faciam hodie, imperator, ut aut vivo mihi aut mortuo gratias agas.” Translate that.

Answer 412

DYRRHACIUM, 48 BCE

I SHALL MAKE IT, TODAY, GENERAL, THAT YOU GIVE THANKS TO ME EITHER LIVING OR DEAD

Question 413

Augustus commissioned Vergil to write Rome’s national epic, the Aeneid. Who was Vergil’s patron?
Bonus: What did Vergil want to happen to his manuscript of the Aeneid after he died, and who prevented it?

Answer 413

MAECENAS

HE WANTED IT BURNED BUT AUGUSTUS DIDN’T ALLOW IT

Question 414

There are a lot of weapons used in Latin poetry. Which from the following list is NOT a weapon: ‘tela’, ‘arcus’, ‘ensis’, ‘sagitta’, ‘munus’?
Bonus: Give a Latin synonym for ‘ensis’.

Answer 414

MUNUS

GLADIUS

Question 415

What are the possible genders for 4th declension nouns?
Bonus: Translate just the 4th declension word in the following sentence. “The strings of their bows were very strong.”

Answer 415

MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER

ARCUUM

Question 416

What island was home to Teucer, Pygmalion, and Venus?

Bonus: What city, the the island above’s capital, was named from the child of Pygmalion- at least according to Ovid?

Answer 416

CYPRUS

PAPHOS

Question 417

Everyone loves getting gifts. However, during the second Punic war, Hannibal received one that he did not ask for and did not appreciate: the head of his brother Hasdrubal. At what battle had he died?
Bonus: When did this battle occur?

Answer 417

METAURUS RIVER

207 BCE

Question 418

If your Latin teacher catches you stealing Ecce Romani from the class library with the book in your hand, what legal Latin phrase might she use, despite your protests that it’s not what it seems? 
   Bonus: If Hilary Clinton is elected president, what phrase about a woman leader—describing Dido and later adopted by Queen Elizabeth I—might be recirculated?

Answer 418

RES IPSA LOQUITAR or FLAGRANTE DELICTO

DUX FEMINA FACTI

Question 419

Use an ablative absolute to translate the dependent clause in the following sentence. “After he had spoken these words, the moderator waited for the students to answer.”
Bonus: Suppose you had just said “his” instead of “his verbis”. What grammatical form would that be an example of?

Answer 419

HIS VERBIS DICTIS

SUBSTANTIVE

Question 420

What do the following mythological characters have in common: Hebe, Megara, Deianira?
Bonus: The emperor Commodus thought he was Hercules, and met a sticky end, as did Hercules himself. What monster’s poisonous blood indirectly caused Hercules to burn himself alive?

Answer 420

WIVES OF HERCULES

THE HYDRA’S

Question 421

What is the home of the Sibyl who leads Aeneas to the underworld?
Bonus: In the Aeneid, what is the name of the Sibyl?

Answer 421

CUMAE

DEIPHOBE

Question 422

Which law gave Pompey command against the pirates in 67 B.C.E.?
Bonus: Which law gave Pompey command against Mithridates that next year?

Answer 422

LEX GABINIA

LEX MANILIA

Question 423

“Elmo was clothed in mystery and a towel.” What literary device is this an example of?
Bonus: What does the Greek word above mean?

Answer 423

ZEUGMA

BOND/BRIDGE

Question 424

What soldier did the Myrmidons serve?

Bonus: On what island, named for a lover of Zeus, did the Myrmidons originate?

Answer 424

ACHILLES

AEGINA

Question 425

‘Oculus’ is the usual word for eyes, but what word meaning ‘light’ is used as a poetic substitution for eyes?
Bonus: In Catullus 64, Amphitrite stands for the sea over which she rules. What poetic device is this an example of?

Answer 425

LLUMEN (LUMINA)

METONYMY

Question 426

Listen to the following passage, and respond in English to the question that follows. “Mater, mater, mihi illam vestem eme! Mea pulchritudo, secunda modo deabus forma, servanda est.” puella molesta poposcit. Diu adspexit matrem, sed tandem excedere e taberna coepit. Puella exclamavit, “Cur excedimus?” Mater respondit, “Si recte rogavisses, dicens “si vis”, tibi vestem emissem. Autem,nunc necesse est nobis ire domum.” Why does the girl want to have the garment?
Bonus: Under what condition would the girl have been able to get the garment?

Answer 426

SHE WANTS TO PRESERVE HER BEAUTY

IF SHE PROPERLY ASKED, SAYING PLEASE

Question 427

List two major events in 133 B.C.E.

Bonus: Why was Gracchus killed?

Answer 427

PERGAMUM BEQUEATHED TO ROME BY ATTALUS III, SCIPIO AEMILIANUS CAPTURED NUMANTIA, TRIBUNSEHIP AND ASSASSINATION OF TIBERIUS GRACCHUS
FOR ATTEMPTING TO IMPLEMENT LAND REFORMS

Question 428

Which of the following words is not onomatopoeic in nature: Moenia, murmur, cachinnus, ululo?
Bonus: What is the difference between metonymy and synecdoche?

Answer 428

MOENIA

METONYMY- USES ONE WORD TO MEAN ANOTHER, SYNECHDOCHE- TYPE OF METONYMY THAT USES A PART TO SUGGEST A WHOLE

Question 429

Translate just the infinitive in the following sentence. “I thought you had left Rome.”
Bonus: Translate just the subjunctive in the following sentence. “I don’t know where she is going.”

Answer 429

DISCESSISSE

EAT

Question 430

What nymph was turned into a sunflower, as she pined away for Apollo’s love?
Bonus: A crow told Apollo that this woman had cheated on him.

Answer 430

CLYTIE

CORONIS

Question 431

Welcome to the Biblioteca Romana. What is the name of the English class classic the Romans would have called ”Pictura Artificis Iuvenis”? 
   Bonus: Well, you can’t read the serious stuff all the time. What popular fantasy series would the Romans would have called “Eius Obscurae Materiae”?

Answer 431

A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN

HIS DARK MATERIALS

Question 432

Give two translations for Romae.

Bonus: Give another one.

Answer 432

OF ROME, FOR ROME, IN/AT ROME