Level 1 Flashcards
What Roman hero single-handedly (so to speak) proved the strength and bravery of the Romans when he thrust his right hand into a fire and let it burn?
Bonus: Whom did this hero succeed in impressing?
(MUCIUS) SCAEVOLA
LARS PORSENA
Who was sent to Colchis with the Argonauts to retrieve the golden fleece?
Bonus: What beautiful, young woman, the daughter of the king of Colchis, fell in love with this person and helped him obtain the fleece?
JASON
MEDEA
What athletic event is named after a battle between the Athenians and Persians in 490 BC?
Bonus: In what track and field event did Myron’s Discobolos participate?
MARATHON
DISCUS
A “clue” is any guide to the solution of a problem. The Middle English word clewe means a ball of yarn or thread. What hero got a clewe and solved the problem of finding his way out of the labyrinth?
Bonus: Who gave this hero a clewe?
THESEUS
ARIADNE
What western province did Rome gain after winning the second Punic war?
Bonus: The Carthaginian attack on what city in this province led to the second Punic war?
HISPANIA/SPAIN
SAGUNTUM
What is the difference in meaning between inter and intra?
Bonus: What about ibi and ubi?
INTER - “BETWEEN” and INTRA - “WITHIN”
IBI - “THERE” and UBI - “WHERE”
Identify the common bond: myrmillo, retiarius, Thracian.
Bonus: What fourth type of these people fought with a sword a, visored helmet, and oblong shield?
TYPES OF GLADIATORS
SAMNITE
Why was salt important for a Roman soldier?
USED AS CURRENCY or COULD PRESERVE MEAT or SEASONING, etc.
The “Pillars of Hercules” marks what geographical body of water?
Bonus: What mythological monsters makes the Straits of Messina between Italy and Sicily a dangerous place?
STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR
SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS
Complete the following analogy - Ulysses : Odysseus :: : Persephone.
Bonus: What did the Romans call Asclepius, the god of medicine?
PROSERPINA
AESCULAPIUS
What Latin term, originally restricted to meat, came to be used as a general term for a market containing shops and stalls?
Bonus: What emperor built a huge, semi-circular market place in Rome, along with his forum containing libraries and a column?
MACELLUM
TRAJAN
By what river did the gods swear oaths?
Bonus: How many times did this river flow around Hades?
STYX
NINE
What year was called the “year of the four emperors”?
Bonus: Who were the four emperors?
Bonus: What dynasties ruled directly before and after that tumultuous year?
AD 69
GALBA, OTHO, VITELLIUS, VESPASIAN
JULIO-CLAUDIAN and FLAVIAN
What geographical phrase applied to the Greek territory in Southern Italy and Sicily before the Romans became dominant in Italy?
Bonus: What other Mediterranean power shared possession of the island of Sicily?
MAGNA GRAECIA
CARTHAGINIAN or PHOENICIAN
Identify the common bond: Aphrodite, Hera, Athena on Mt. Ida?
Bonus: Identify: Eris, Ate, Discordia.
THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS
THE GODDESS OF DISCORD
Identify the common bond: Ptolemy XIII, Julius Caesar, Marc Antony.
Bonus: What was the name of Cleopatra’s son by Julius Caesar?
INVOLVED IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLEOPATRA
CAESARION
One who withstands all kinds of adversity and seemingly endless delays is said to have the patience of what female character from Homer’s Odyssey?
Bonus: For how long did this character have to wait for her husband to return home?
Bonus: After waiting for the return of her husband Odysseus for this long, her son, by what name, set out to find his father?
PENELOPE
TWENTY YEARS
TELEMACHUS
Who am I? I was very beautiful and suitors came from many cities to win my hand. Many paid for it with their life, for to win my hand they had to beat me in a foot race, and the penalty for losing was death. Finally I was beaten by a handsome young man, who tossed a golden apple to distract me.
Bonus 1: Who was the man who defeated her with the use of golden apples given to him by Venus?
Bonus 2: What happened when these two failed to show proper respect to a temple when they were on a hunt?
ATLANTA
HIPPOMENES
THEY WERE TURNED INTO LIONS
What is the meaning of the correlative construction et… et…?
Bonus: What about alii…alii…?
BOTH…AND…
SOME…OTHERS…
Spell the answer to the following question: What hero left his plow to save Rome from a military crisis?
Bonus: To what office was he appointed?
C-I-N-C-I-N-N-A-T-U-S
DICTATOR
Would a paycheck be an example of ex post facto, quid pro quo, ne plus ultra, or ex tempore?
Bonus: Would your applying sun-tan lotion after a blizzard be non sequitur, sine qua non, or ipso facto?
QUID PRO QUO
NON SEQUITUR
What river did Caesar cross in 49 BC, thus essentially declaring civil war on Rome?
Bonus: What river marking the boundary between Gaul and Germany was Caesar the first to cross?
RUBICON
RHINE
Identify the author of the following passage: “All Gaul is divided into three parts.”
Bonus: Identify this author: “Seize the day and trust as little as possible in tomorrow.”
JULIUS CAESAR
HORACE
The English phrase “to make an unexpected comeback” or “to rally after a defeat” refers to what mythological bird?
Bonus: Upon making the comeback of the century in your basketball championship, who would be the Greek goddess of victory to whom you would make your offerings of thanks?
PHOENIX
NIKE
Which of the following items would an ancient Roman not have eaten: cabbage, cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, or carrots?
Bonus: What was the favorite meat of the Romans?
TOMATOES
PORK
All Romans wore tunics. Who wore a tunic with a narrow crimson stripes running from each shoulder down to the botom of the garment?
Bonus: What was a tunica recta?
EQUITES or KNIGHTS
GARMENT FOR WEDDING CEREMONY
What is the second person singular, present active indicative of the verb “to bring, bear, or carry”?
Bonus: What is the third person plural, present active indicative of the verb “to go”?
FERS
EUNT
What cliff-top fortress was the site where Jewish rebels chose to commit suicide rather than surrender to the beseiging Romans?
Bonus: In what year did this siege end?
MASADA
AD 73
Name the three architectural orders of columns.
Bonus: Of what architectural order is the Parthenon in Athens?
DORIC, IONIC, and CORINTHIAN
DORIC
Identify the common bond: in, super, sub.
Bonus 1: What does sub taking the accusative case mean?
PREPOSITIONS WHICH CAN TAKE THE ACCUSATIVE OR ABLATIVE CASES
UNDER, UP TO, TO THE FOOT OF
In which direction would you travel from Rome to get to Egypt?
Bonus: In which direction would you travel to get from Egypt to Asia Minor?
SOUTHEAST
NORTH
In what tense is a word ending -iet?
Bonus: What tense is marked by -era + endings?
FUTURE
PLUPERFECT
Who was the greatest Greek warrior in the Trojan War and name his Trojan counterpart?
Bonus: With whom did this warrior quarrel in Homer’s Iliad, thus causing him to sulk in his tent?
ACHILLES and HECTOR
AGAMEMNON
What title was bestowed upon Octavian in 27BC and what does it mean?
Bonus: What was the period of peace and prosperity during Augustus’ reign called?
AUGUSTUS - “HALLOWED” or “VENERATED”
PAX ROMANA or PAX AUGUSTA
Who was the author of the work containing Arachne being changed into a spider, Narcissus being changed into a flower, and Julius Caesar being changed into a shooting star?
Bonus: Who was the author of an early history of Rome describing the rape of the Sabine women?
OVID
LIVY
Who was the god of trade, travelers, commerce, manual skill, oratory, eloquence, thieves, and of the wind, which he used to convey the messages of the gods?
Bonus: What other job did this god have after the death of mortals?
HERMES or MERCURY
LEADING THE SOUL TO THE UNDERWORLD
The Chimaera is made up of what three beasts and what parts do they represent?
Bonus: Who killed the Chimaera?
GOAT - BODY and LION - HEAD and DRAGON/SERPENT - TAIL
BELLEROPHON
What Roman hero single-handedly held off the advancing Etruscan army until the Romans could make it safely across the Tiber River?
Bonus: What bridge did they have to cross and destroy to thwart the Etruscans? This destruction by his comrades caused the hero to swim the river in full armor to return to Rome.
HORATIUS (COCLES)
PONS SUBLICIUS
What young lovers had to communicate through a crack in the wall because their parents forbade them to see each other?
Bonus: The bloody death of this couple is the reason for today’s red color of what previously white berry?
PYRAMUS AND THISBE
MULBERRY
Besides a conjunction, et can be an adverb. How is it translated as an adverb?
Bonus: What famous quote from Julius Caesar aptly illustrates this usage?
ALSO, EVEN or TOO
ET TU, BRUTE?
Identify the common bond: Campus Martius, Subura, Forum.
Bonus: In which section above was the Pantheon located?
SECTIONS OF THE CITY OF ROME
CAMPUS MARTIUS
Who were the first and last emperors of Rome in the West?
Bonus: In what year did the Western Roman empire fall?
AUGUSTUS and ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS
AD 76
For what unspeakable act did the primordial giants pile Mt. Ossa and Mt. Pelion on Mt. Olympus?
Bonus: These giants sprung from whose blood as it fell upon the earth?
IN ORDER TO REACH AND ATTACK THE GODS
CRONUS or SATURN
Give the principal parts of the root verb from which we derive the English noun “permission”.
Bonus: Give the principal parts of the root verb from which we derive “reaction”.
MITTO, MITTERE, MISI, MISSUM
AGO, AGERE, EGI, ACTUM
On what hill was Rome originally founded?
Bonus: Where did Remus, Romulus’ brother, want to found the city?
PALATINE
AVENTINE
First year students must often learn the special declension of the two nouns mare and animal. Give the ablative singular forms of these two words.
Bonus 1: What is the grammatical designation of these two words?
Bonus 2: Decline mare completely.
MARI, ANIMALI
THIRD DECLENSION, NEUTER, I-STEMS
MARE, MARIS, MARI, MARE, MARI, MARIA, MARIUM, MARIBUS, MARIA, MARIBUS
Who was the emperor when Christ was born and what were the dates of his rule?
Bonus: Of what dynasty was this emperor the founder?
(CAESAR) AUGUSTUS, 27 BC - AD 14
JULIO-CLAUDIAN
Augustus’ stepson Tiberius was the emperor when Christ was crucified. He probably didn’t even know about the event, however, as it occurred in what out of-the-way Roman province?
Bonus: Who was the Roman procurator of this province at the time?
JUDEA
PONTIUS PILATE
Who am I? I was the king of Sparta, and after winning the hand of the most beautiful woman in the world, I had to suffer the indignity of having her taken away by the Trojan prince Paris. My brother Agamemnon and I had to fight for ten years to get her back.
Bonus: Who was the father of this king and Agamemnon?
MENELAUS
ATREUS
Who am I? I thought of the idea of how to get inside the walls of Troy, though I didn’t actually build the horse. I had ten long years of trying to get home to Ithaca before I was finally united with my wife Penelope.
Bonus: What goddess gave this man the idea of the Trojan horse?
ODYSSEUS
ATHENA
Looking at a new Pennsylvania quarter, I do indeed find the motto E pluribus unum on there. What abbreviation was stamped on Roman coins and what Latin words does it stand for?
Bonus 2: Now what does the abbreviation i.e. stand for in Latin in English?
SPQR, SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS
ID EST, THAT IS
What road was known as the Regina Viarum which happened to run the width of Italy?
Bonus: To what city did this road originally run?
VIA APPIA/THE APPIAN WAY
CAPUA
Who was the famous Thracian slave who led a rebellion in 73 B.C.?
Bonus 1: What happened in the end to the slaves who were captured when this slave was finally defeated by Crassus?
Bonus 2: From what city did this slave and his first followers escape?
SPARTACUS
THEY WERE CRUCIFIED
CAPUA
Who was the general who put down the slave revolt led by Spartacus before Pompey arrived from Spain?
Bonus: What other general mopped up remnants of Spartactus’ forces and tried to claim credit for the victory?
CRASSUS
POMPEY
What Greek hero killed Hector?
Bonus: Who killed Achilles and how?
ACHILLES
PARIS SHOT HIM IN THE HEEL WITH AN ARROW
Why was Achilles only vulnerable in his heel?
Bonus: Who was Achilles mother?
HIS MOTHER HAD DIPPED HIM IN THE RIVER STYX TO MAKE HIM IMMORTAL BUT THE WATER DIDN’T COVER THE HEEL WHERE SHE HELD ON TO HIM.
THETIS
Welcome to the Cinema Romanum. What classic movie would you be watching if you saw Mea Domina Pulchra?
Bonus: What story of an artist who falls in love with his own creation is this tale loosely based upon?
MY FAIR LADY
PYGMALION AND GALATEA
To which Greek goddess is the Parthenon dedicated?
Bonus: What gift did Athena give to Athens?
ATHENA
OLIVE TREE
Of the verb forms ero, eram, or fuero, which one happened earliest?
Bonus: So we’ve heard ero, eram, fuero. Keeping the same person and number, give the other three indicative forms of this verb.
ERAM
FUERAM, FUI, SUM
Rome’s first major highway, the Via Appia was constructed in 312 B.C. The same man supervised the construction of Rome’s first aqueduct. What was it called?
Bonus: Give the name of the blind man who was censor when these were built.
AQUA APPIA APPIUS CLAUDIUS (CAECUS)
What garment with what appearance was worn by senators?
Bonus 1: Who else wore the toga praetexta?
Bonus 2: What toga did a boy assume on manhood?
TOGA PRAETEXTA, WITH A PURPLE BORDER
BOYS
TOGA VIRILIS/PURA
The Greeks didn’t respect Ares too much because they thought of him as bloodthirsty. The Romans associated their mythological counterpart not only with war, however, but also with agriculture. They named what month after him?
Bonus: What was significant about March 1st in the early Roman calendar?
MARCH
IT WAS ORIGINALLY NEW YEAR’S DAY
Say in Latin, “Are you watching?”
Bonus: What is the grammatical term for -ne?
SPECTASNE, SPECTATISNE
ENCLITIC INTERROGATIVE PARTICIPLE
Apollo’s son, the god Aesculapius, was the god of medicine. His symbol was a staff with snakes twining around it. What other Roman god carried this staff?
Bonus: What was the name of this staff?
MERCURY
CADUCEUS
What name with what literal meaning did the Romans call the Mediterranean?
Bonus 1: What are the literal meanings of the Latin words medius and terra which give our name for that body of water?
Bonus 2: Why did they call it what they did?
MARE NOSTRUM, OUR SEA
MIDDLE, LAND/EARTH
BECAUSE THEY POSSESSED ALL OF THE LAND SURROUNDING THE SEA
In what year did Octavius become Octavian and why?
Bonus: When did he become Augustus, and what does that title mean?
44 BC, ADOPTED BY JULIUS CAESAR IN CAESAR’S WILL
27 BC, AUGUST/REVERED
If Caesar had been speaking about his men rather than himself at the Battle of Zela in 47 B.C., what would he have said?
Bonus: Whom did Caesar defeat at this battle?
VENERUNT, VIDERUNT, VICERUNT
PHARNACES
When Julius Caesar was appointed dictator in 46. B.C., he was given a term of ten years. How much longer was this than the usual maximum term?
Bonus: What famous dictator was in his fields plowing when he found that he had been appointed to save Rome from the enemy?
NINE AND A HALF YEARS
CINCINNATUS
Every dictator appointed an assistant called the magister equitum. What does that mean?
Bonus: What types of genitives are seen in these phrases?
CAVALRY/MASTER OF THE HORSE
GENITIVE OF OBJECTIVE
Plutarch tells us that Marc Antony sometimes wore a large, coarse mantle, perhaps resembling a lion skin, because he fancied himself to be a descendant of what ancient hero?
Bonus: How did Hercules kill the Nemean lion?
HERCULES
HE CLUBBED IT TO DEATH
I once heard a story about a woman who whispered “Alea iacta est” after she said “I do” in her wedding ceremony. Why was it strangely appropriate under the circumstances?
Bonus: What was the date of the original famous event?
THE PHRASE MARKED AN EVENT THAT COULD NOT BE UNDONE
JANUARY 10, 49 BC
Horses, dolphins, and the trident are associated with which god?
Bonus: What gift that was refused did Neptune offer to Athens?
NEPTUNE/POSEIDON
A SALTWATER SPRING
Give four other nouns of the same declension and gender (1st masculine) as poeta.
PIRATA, AGRICOLA, PROPHETA, INCOLA, NAUTA, SCRIBA, AURIGA, ATHLETA, ETC.
Explain the distinction in meaning between hostis and inimicus.
Bonus: Say in Latin: “Our men do not fear the enemy.”
HOSTIS- PUBLIC ENEMY, INIMICUS- PERSONAL ENEMY
NOSTRI VIROS HOSTES NON TIMENT
Tiberius Gracchus, a leader of the populares because of his work in agrarian reform, was not able to obtain a second tribuneship for 132 B.C. Why not?
Bonus: How did Gaius Gracchus die in 121 B.C?
HE WAS MURDERED BY SENATORS
HE HAD A SLAVE STAB HIM SO THAT HE WOULD NOT BE ARRESTED
On what finger did a Roman woman wear her wedding ring?
Bonus 1: What color was a bridal veil?
Bonus 2: What was the favorite month for Roman weddings?
RING FINGER OF THE LEFT HAND
SAFFRON
JUNE
What famous wedding was interrupted when Eris threw the Apple of Discord?
Bonus 1: What did this apple say, to whom was it awarded, and by whom?
Bonus 2: Who was the most famous son of Peleus and Thetis?
THE WEDDING OF PELEUS AND THETIS
FOR THE FAIREST, VENUS, PARIS
ACHILLES
The word fuerint can be third person plural perfect subjunctive. What other mood can it be?
Bonus 1: Change this form to the present indicative and the future.
Bonus 2: In what tense and voice does sunt appear as a helping verb?
FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE
SUNT and ERUNT
PERFECT PASSIVE
What political coaltion, though unofficial, began by the cooperation of Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar?
Bonus: Why did the triumvirate dissolve in 53 B.C.?
THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
CRASSUS WAS KILLED IN BATTLE AGAINST THE PARTHIANS
Who was the last king of Troy?
Bonus: What son of Achilles killed him?
Bonus 2: What daughter-in-law of Priam, widow of Hector, did Pyrrhus take as a concubine?
PRIAM
PYRRHUS/NEOPTOLEMUS
ANDROMACHE
Quis sum? Exspecto dominum viginti annos. Fidelis canis Ulixis sum.
Bonus: What kind of construction is viginti annos.
ARGUS
ACCUSATIVE DURATION OF TIME
What Trojan refugee while on his way to Italy undutifully delayed with the Dido, the queen of Carthage?
Bonus 1: What was Dido’s other name?
Bonus 2: What messenger finally succeeded in causing Aeneas to renew his journey?
AENEAS
ELISSA
MERCURY
During the year that Cicero was consul, he succeeded in saving Rome from Cataline’s threat. What year was this?
Bonus 1: 63 B.C. is also famous for being the year in which what future emperor was born?
Bonus 2: During that same year, Augustus’ great uncle held the office of chief priest at Rome. Who was this relative, and what office did he hold?
63 BC
AUGUSTUS
JULIUS CAESAR, PONTIFEX MAXIMUS
Who in Rome wore the toga picta?
Bonus 1: What color was this toga?
Bonus 2: What toga was shining white, having been rubbed with chalk?
VICTORIOUS GENERALS
PURPLE
TOGA CANDIDA
What city did Aeneas found in Italy?
Bonus: After whom was this city named?
LAVINIUM
LAVINIA, AENEAS’ ITALIAN WIFE
What king is credited with establishing the religious customs of ancient Rome?
Bonus 1: One of Numa’s projects was the construction of a temple that would signify the alternations of war and peace. To what god was this temple dedicated?
Bonus 2: The doors of this temple were closed to signify that Rome was at peace with all her enemies. After what event in the late republic were the doors of the temple closed?
NUMA POMPILIUS
JANUS
THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM
Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus were the first two consuls of Rome. What is the Roman term for the name that they have in common?
Bonus 1: What were their gens or clan names?
Bonus 2: What is the term for the names by which we usually refer to them, Brutus and Collatinus.
PRAENOMEN
JUNIUS and TARQUINIUS
COGNOMEN
A very famous mosaic discovered in the House of the Faun in Pompeii shows a dog and a Latin inscription. What is the Latin inscription and its English meaning?
Bonus 1: The House of the Faun is so called because of a statue of a Faun in the courtyard. What is a faun?
CAVE CANEM, BEWARE THE DOG
HALF MAN, HALF GOAT
Between 264 and 146 B.C. Rome waged what series of wars against another major power in the Mediterranean?
Bonus 1: What was the prize Rome won in the 1st Punic War?
Bonus 2: What did Rome gain at the end of the 2nd Punic War?
PUNIC WARS
SICILY
SPAIN
What Titan brought fire to mankind?
Bonus 1: How was Prometheus punished for this crime?
Bonus 2: What brother of Prometheus was given a wife by the gods?
PROMETHEUS
HE WAS CHAINED TO A CLIFF, AND HIS LIVER WAS EATEN DAILY BY AN EAGLE
EPIMETHEUS
There’s an old abbreviation that used to be used on invitations and other such things. It was D.V. and was used to indicate that the plan would come to pass only if circumstances beyond the planners control allowed. Give the Latin words and English meaning of this abbreviation.
Bonus 1: What part of speech is volente? Be specific.
Bonus 2: What kind of construction is Deo volente?
DEO VOLENTE- GOD WILLING
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
Who was the Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama?
Bonus 1: What year did this occur?
Bonus 2: Who was his grandson who finally destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C.?
(PUBLIUS CORNELIUS) SCIPIO AFRICANUS (MAIOR)
202 BC
PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AEMILIANUS AFRICANUS MINOR
What wily king of Corinth once handcuffed Hades and was therefore punished by Tartarus in the underworld by forever trying to roll a boulder up a hill?
Bonus 1: What wily king of Ithaca is sometimes said to be Sisyphus’ son?
Bonus 2: Who is more commonly said to be the father of this king?
SISYPHUS
ODYSSEUS/ULYSSES
LAERTES
Dic mihi nomina novem animalium.
EQUUS, CANIS, FELES, ASINUS, BOVIS, PORCUS, AVIS, OVIS, PISCIS, GALLINA
Valentine’s Day was just a short time ago, and our culture typically associates that day with love. What does the Latin phrase “Amor omnia vincit” mean?
Bonus: Sometimes lovers must learn to forgive and it’s good to remember “errare humanum est” What does that phrase mean?
LOVE CONQUERS ALL
TO ERR IS HUMAN
Venus, the Roman goddess of love, was jealous of what mortal whose beauty might have surpassed even her own?
Bonus: What does the name Psyche mean?
PSYCHE
SOUL
Venus’ husband was Vulcan. Who was her lover?
Bonus: Mars and Vulcan were brothers. Who was their mother?
MARS
JUNO
What emperor’s name meant “little boot”?
Bonus 1: How did he get this nickname?
Bonus 2: What Roman emperor regaled his guests on the Isle of Capri and then flung them off of his mountain into the Bay of Naples?
CALIGULA
HE GREW UP IN MILITARY CAMPS AND WAS DRESSED IN MINIATURE SOLDIER’S UNIFORM
TIBERIUS
We get our word candidate from the Latin word candidus, -a, -um meaning bright white. How did it come to mean a person running for a position or office?
Bonus: In an election, how many people could be elected for the position of consul?
IN ANCIENT ROME, PEOPLE WHO WERE RUNNING FOR OFFICE WOULD BE RECOGNIZED BY THEIR BRIGHT WHITE TOGAS (TOGA CANDIDA)
TWO
Deucalion and Pyrrha, the sole survivors of the flood in Greek mythology, were instructed to “throw the bones of their mother over their shoulders.” What did they do to carry out these directions?
Bonus: What happened when they threw the stones over their shoulders?
THEY THREW STONES (THE BONES OF MOTHER EARTH) OVER THEIR SHOULDERS
MEN AND WOMEN SPRANG UP
One emperor of Rome is famous for supposedly fiddling while Rome burned in 64 AD. Who was he?
Bonus: He was the last emperor of what dynasty, or family?
NERO
JULIO CLAUDIAN EMPERORS
What emperor named his horse a senator?
Bonus: What was the horse’s name?
CALIGULA
INCITATUS
Who were the plebeians in Rome?
Bonus: Who were the Equites?
COMMON PEOPLE/LOWER CLASSES
KNIGHTS/RICH PLEBEIANS
Every Roman knew of the temple in which a fire must always be burning. To what goddess was this temple dedicated?
Bonus: What did the Romans think would happen if the fire went out?
VESTA
ROME WOULD FALL
What happened on August 24, 79 A.D.?
Bonus: Name the three towns destroyed in that catastrophe.
ERUPTION OF MT. VESUVIUS
POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, STABIAE
Who caused the Sphinx to destroy herself by correctly answering the riddle she posed to passers-by?
Bonus: And what was that riddle and its answer?
OEDIPUS
WHAT CREATURE WALKS ON FOUR LEGS IN THE MORNING, TWO AT NOON, AND THREE IN THE EVENING? MAN
Distinguish in meaning between moneo and maneo.
Bonus: Now distinguish in meaning between dico and disco.
I WARN and I STAY
I SAY and I LEARN
Responde Latine: Take the number of consuls each year, add the number of the kings of Rome, and multiply by the number of Julio-Claudian Emperors.
Bonus: Speaking of Julio-Claudian emperors, which one was the nephew of Tiberius and the uncle of Caligula?
45
CLAUDIUS
What were the two ways of disposing of a dead body in ancient Rome?
Bonus: You might have a tomb along the Appian Way if you were important enough, but no matter who you were where could you never be buried?
BURIAL and CREMATION
WITHIN THE CITY
With what great power of the Western Mediterranean did Rome fight three wars?
Bonus: Who was the Roman general who finally defeated Hannibal and in which of the three wars did this occur?
CARTHAGE
SCIPIO AFRICANUUS and THE 2ND
Give me the numbers 10 and 50 in Roman numerals.
Bonus: Give the sum of the numbers represented by the word “civil”.
X and L
157
In ancient Rome the officials had different functions. What was the primary function of the quaestor?
Bonus: The quaestors were normally young men just starting their career. To which higher officials of the state were they attached?
TREASURER
THE CONSULS
What Roman emperor founded a new capital for the Empire in the East in 330 A.D., now know as Istanbul?
Bonus: The new capital was, of course, named Constantinople, but it was really an older city renamed and rebuilt. What was the original city?
CONSTANTINE
BYZANTIUM
What is missing from this sequence? fabula, fabulae, fabulae, fabulam, fabulae, fabularum, fabulis, fabulas, fabulis?
Bonus: What is missing from this sequence? mons, montis, monti, montem, monte, montes, montibus, montes, montibus.
FABULA
MONTIUM
Nero got a little carried away with just about everything. He thought the old palace was too small, so he built himself a Domus aurea. What is the meaning of that phrase Domus aurea?
Bonus: They say that Nero fiddled while Rome burned, but the instrument was probably this gift of Hermes to Apollo?
GOLDEN HOUSE
THE LYRE
What famous Greek, born in 356 B.C., invaded and conquered the Persian Empire?
Bonus: What was the name of his kingdom in Greece?
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
MACEDONIA
Who was the daughter of King Aeetes, skilled in magical arts, who aided Jason in his quest for the golden fleece?
Bonus: Sisterly devotion was not this daughter’s strong suit. What did she do to her little brother to escape from her pursuing father?
MEDEA
CUT HIM UP AND DROPPED THE PIECES INTO THE SEA
As you progress in Latin, you will surely read the works of Marcus Tullius Cicero. Which of these names is a nomen.
Bonus: What is the term for Marcus?
TULLIUS
PRAENOMEN
What famous first emperor of Rome claimed to have restored the Republic in 27 B.C. but really inaugurated one man rule?
Bonus: By what name was Augustus know when he was fighting the civil wars?
AUGUSTUS
OCTAVIAN
What wily Greek won a footrace to earn Penelope’s hand in marriage?
Bonus: Whom had Odysseus wanted to marry but lost out to Menelaus?
ODYSSEUS
HELEN
Give the part of speech and meaning for the Latin word diu.
Bonus: Give the adverbs meaning “yesterday,” “today,” and “tomorrow.”
ADVERB and FOR A LONG TIME
HERI, HODIE, CRAS
We all know that one cannot tell the declension of a noun by its nominative singular. What three declensions could have nominatives ending in -us?
Bonus: What gender are most third declension nouns ending in -us?
2ND, 3RD, 4TH
NEUTER
Who am I? I traveled from Troezen to Athens to claim my birthright as the prince, and along the way I killed some famous bandits. One of these was
Procrustes, who used to stretch or slice people to fit his bed. I later traveled to Crete to kill the Minotaur.
Bonus: Who helped Theseus kill the Minotaur and how?
THESEUS
ARIADNE and SHE GAVE HIM A BALL OF THREAD SO THAT HE COULD FIND HIS WAY OUT OF THE LABYRINTH
What is the traditional birthday of Rome?
Bonus 1: What year did the Western Roman empire fall?
Bonus 2: On what exact date was Julius Caesar killed?
APRIL 21ST, 753 BC
476 AD
MARCH 15, 44 BC
What was the title of the highest elected position during the Roman republic?
Bonus: What office in ancient Rome could be held only by plebeians?
CONSUL
PLEBEIAN AEDILE
Differentiate in meaning between eramus and fueramus.
Bonus: Now say in Latin “they will be” and “they will have been.”
WE WERE and WE HAD BEEN; CONTINUING ACTION IN THE PAST and COMPLETED ACTION IN THE PAST
ERUNT and FUERINT
Who built the first permanent theater in Rome in 55 B.C.? Eleven years later it was the sight of Julius Caesar’s assassination?
Bonus: What is the difference in seating structure between a theater and an amphitheater?
POMPEY THE GREAT
A THEATER HAS SEATS IN A SEMI-CIRCLE FACING THE STAGE WHEREAS AN AMPHITHEATER FORMS A FULL CIRCLE
What is the term for two vowels which together form one sound and how is it spelled?
Bonus: We all know the word et. Now give two other ways to say “and” in Latin.
DIPHTHONG
ATQUE/AC
What self-centered young man fell in love with his own reflection?
Bonus: What rejected nymph prayed that Narcissus would suffer from the pain of unfulfilled love?
NARCISSUS
ECHO
What case in Latin is used to show the object of the action implied in a noun such as “fear of fire”?
Bonus: What is the name of this construction?
GENITIVE
OBJECTIVE GENITIVE
At what sea battle off the coast of Greece did Octavian strike the decisive blow against his enemies?
Bonus: Who were these enemies, and in what year did this occur?
ACTIUM
ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA, 31 BC
After Cincinnatus rescued the Roman army, he forced the enemy to surrender and made them undergo what humiliating Italic custom?
Bonus: How long was Cincinnatus dictator before he returned to his farm?
SUBJUGATION/WALKING UNDER THE YOKE
16 DAYS
When Julius Caesar was given a perpetual dictatorship in February of 44 B.C. he probably expected that he would hold this office for years to come. How long did he actually hold it?
Bonus 1: When Julius Caesar had functioned as dictator in 48 and 47 B.C., he sent his magister equitum to calm things down in Italy. This man is the one we usually think of as Caesar’s right hand and was the Lupercus who offered Caesar the diadem in 44 B.C. Who was he?
Bonus 2: A different man became a magister equitum in 44 B.C., while Antony was appointed flamen. The two men were later mortal enemies. Who was this magister equitum?
ABOUT ONE MONTH
MARCUS ANTONIUS/MARC ANTONY
OCTAVIAN
How did Hercules kill the Nemean lion?
Bonus: For what king did Hercules perform his famous labors?
HE STRANGLED IT
EURYSTHEUS
What type of ablative is used in the following sentence: Milites magna audacia pugnant?
Bonus: What type of ablative is used in that sentence: Soldiers fight with swords?
ABLATIVE OF MANNER
MEANS
“Alea iacta est” has come into use as an expression that signifies a choice that cannot be undone. From what historical event does this phrase come?
Bonus 1: What did Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon signify?
Bonus 2: What was the date of that famous event?
JULIUS CAESAR SAID IT WHEN HE CROSSED THE RUBICON
THAT HE WAS DECLARING WAR
JANUARY 10, 49 BC
The Germans used to call their leader kaiser, the Russians tsar. From what famous Roman did these titles derive?
Bonus 1: What two men lead the conspiracy against Caesar?
Bonus 2: According to Shakespeare, Caesar’s last words were Et tu, Brute, but according to Roman historians, they were actually in Greek. What were his words and their meaning?
JULIUS CAESAR
BRUTUS AND CASSIUS
KAI SU, TEKNON and AND YOU, CHILD
What river runs through Rome?
Bonus 1: On what hill was the seat of government?
Bonus 2: What mountain range runs though Italy?
TIBER
CAPITOLINE
APPENNINES
Where did the Romans watch gladiator fights?
Bonus 1: Where were chariot races held?
Bonus 2: What was the center of civic activity?
COLOSSEUM
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
FORUM
What Roman Olympian gods were fraternal twins?
Bonus 1: What were Diana and Apollo’s Greek names?
Bonus 2: Who was their mother?
DIANA and APOLLO
ARTEMIS and APOLLO
LATONA (LETO)
What mood is used to give a command in Latin?
Bonus: What case is used when talking to someone?
IMPERATIVE
VOCATIVE
What island is at the tip of Italy’s boot?
Bonus 1: What volcano can be found on Sicily?
Bonus 2: What volcano erupted in 79 AD?
SICILY
MT. ETNA
MT. VESUVIUS
Translate the antonyms “semper” and “numquam.”
Bonus 1: Give the Latin antonyms for “good and bad.”
Bonus 2: How about “big and small?”
ALWAYS AND NEVER
BONUS AND MALUS
MAGNUS AND PARVUS
Give the principal parts and translation of the Latin verb that gives us the English word “habitual.”
Bonus 1: Give the principal parts of the Latin verb, often confused with “habeo,” that means “to inhabit.”
Bonus 2: Give the principal parts of the Latin verb that means “to hold or keep.”
HABEO, HABERE, HABUI, HABITUS- HAVE, HOLD
HABITO, HABITARE, HABITAVI, HABITATUS
TENEO, TENERE, TENUI, TENTUS
If you are standing in the “cubiculum” of a Roman house, where would you be?
Bonus 1: In what Roman room would you do the cooking?
Bonus 2: In what Roman room would you eat your dinner?
BEDROOM
CULINA
TRICLINIUM
What famous seaside city was covered in ash as a result of the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
Bonus: In Pompeii a famous mosaic was preserved with the warning “Cave canem.” Translate this warning.
POMPEII
BEWARE THE DOG
Give the singular imperative for the verb ‘to give’?
Bonus: What would the vocative singular be for the names ‘Flaccus’ and ‘Flavius’?
DA/DONA
FLACCE and FLAVI
Besides the Tiber, name another river in Italy.
Bonus 1: Name the port city located at the mouth of the Tiber River.
Bonus 2: Who started a civil war when he crossed the Rubicon River?
PO, ARNO, or RUBICON
OSTIA
JULIUS CAESAR
Give the Roman and Greek name of the god from whom the Romans traced their descent.
Bonus: Give the name of the Trojan hero from whom the Romans traced their descent.
MARS, ARES
AENEAS
What type of prepositional phrase is used for “with an unhappy farmer”?
Bonus: Name a type of prepositional phrase that never uses a Latin preposition.
ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT
ABLATIVE OF MEANS
Quis est filius Veneris?
Bonus: Of what two substances were Cupid’s arrows made?
CUPID/EROS, AENEAS
LEAD AND GOLD
Minerva’s shield was used by Perseus to kill whom?
Bonus: Zeus was the father of Perseus. Who was his mother?
MEDUSA
DANAE
Most of us know that the valedictorian of your school class has the highest average of all the students in the class, but what exactly does "valedictorian" mean?
Bonus 1: A benefactor is a generous person, but what does "benefactor" literally mean?
Bonus 2: When one abstains from alcohol or drugs, you just don't do it, but what does "abstain" literally mean?GOOD-BYE-SAYER
GOOD-DOER
KEEP/ HOLD AWAY
Where did rain water usually accumulate in the Roman house?
Bonus 1: In which room was the impluvium located?
Bonus 2: Which part of the Roman house was even more open to the rain than the atrium?
IMPLUVIUM
ATRIUM
PERISTYLIUM
What Trojan prince was welcomed to Carthage?
Bonus 1: On what continent is Carthage?
Bonus 2: Who is Aeneas’ divine mother?
AENEAS
AFRICA
VENUS
The Minotaur is sometimes thought to be represented by what sign of the Zodiac?
Bonus 1: Who killed the Minotaur?
Bonus 2: Who built the maze where the Minotaur lived?
TAURUS
THESEUS
DAEDALUS/ MINOS
The power of what Roman legal body was symbolized by the abbreviation SPQR?
Bonus 1: In Latin, what does SPQR stand for and what does it mean?
Bonus 2: Which members of the Roman government could veto discussions of the senate?
SENATE
SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS- THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE OF ROME
TRIBUNES
Which planet in our solar system is so named because its color is that of blood?
Bonus 1: Which planet’s speed around the sun gave it its name?
Bonus 2: Which planet’s greenish blue color of the sea gave it its name?
MARS
MERCURY
NEPTUNE
Who rises when her twin brother has stabled his horses which pull the chariot of the sun?
Bonus 1: What lover, a constellation in the winter sky, is Diana said to have killed?
DIANA/ARTEMIS
ORION
Say “thank you” in Latin.
Bonus 1: Say “hello” to me in Latin.
Bonus 2: What does SALVE mean literally?
GRATIAS (+ AGO)
SALVE
BE/ STAY WELL/HEALTHY
Through what sea did a Roman sail to reach Egypt?
Bonus 1: Romans sailing to Egypt probably landed in what capital city of the Ptolemies?
Bonus 2: The Romans called the the sea Mare Nostrum. Give a derivative from mare.
MEDITERRANEAN
ALEXANDRIA
MARITIME
What was the Graeco-Latin word for the slave who accompanied a Roman boy to school?
PAEDAGOGUS/PEDAGOGUE
Shakespeare’s Hamlet begins his soliloquy “To be or not to be.” How would one say “to be” in Latin?
Bonus 1: What derivative of that verb means “being” or “existence”?
Bonus 2: What is the Latin word for “tomorrow,” the root of our English word “procrastinate”?
ESSE
ESSENCE
CRAS
Who was the last king of Rome?
Bonus 1: Who was Rome’s first king?
Bonus 2: In what year did the monarchy end?
TARQUIN THE PROUD/TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS
ROMULUS
509 BC
What do we call the staff which Neptune carries?
Bonus: What do we call the staff which Pluto carries?
TRIDENT
BIDENT
What title was accorded to the two men who headed the Roman government during the republic?
Bonus 1: What title was given to the Roman Emperor?
Bonus 2: Who was the first Roman Emperor?
CONSULS
CAESAR/IMPERATOR
AUGUSTUS
What Roman goddess protected the city of Rome?
Bonus 1: What is her Greek name?
Bonus 2: What group of 18 women maintained the eternal flame?
VESTA
HESTIA
VESTAL VIRGINS
Give the full Latin and its English meaning for the abbreviation p.m.
Bonus 1: What is the antonym of post?
Bonus 2: With ONE English word translate media nocte.
POST MERIDIEM, AFTER NOON
ANTE
MIDNIGHT
Portae, or Ianuae, was the name of Jim Morrison’s eternally famous band. Name it.
Bonus 1: What band might the Romans have called “Tu Duo”?
Bonus 2: What other Golden Oldie musical group was Mortui Grati?
THE DOORS
U-2
THE GRATEFUL DEAD
Which one of the following does not belong and why? amor, cupidus, Venus, voluptas.
Bonus: There are many verbs connected with love, and one the base of Cupid’s name. What is the verb for “to desire”?
CUPIDUS, SECOND DECLENSION
CUPIRE
Who am I? I attempted to ensnare three powerful Romans, and was successful with two. I had a son by the first, before he was foully murdered. The second was defeated at Actium despite the assistance of my navy. Alas, I was unable to woo his conqueror, who wanted to lead me—a queen of Eygpt!—in his triumph.
Bonus: Who was that third Roman with whom Cleopatra was unsuccessful?
CLEOPATARA
OCTAVIAN/AUGUSTUS
I was the son of Cephisus and the nymph Liriope. I was stooping down to drink from a stream, when I fell in love with my own reflection.
Bonus: Echo, of course, pined away for me. But who took away from her the ability to speak, leaving only an ability to repeat the words of others?
NARCISSUS
JUNO/HERA
Even love has its limits. What Roman emperor caused a great scandal by marrying his niece (forbidden under Roman law).
Bonus: What was the name of this niece, the mother of Nero?
CLAUDIUS
AGRIPPINA (THE YOUNGER)
The First Triumvirate was formed in 60 B.C. to run the affairs of Rome according to the wishes of three men. Who were they?
Bonus: The Second Triumvirate was formed in 43 B.C. with an identifcal purpose. Who were they?
POMPEY, CAESAR, CRASSUS
OCTAVIAN (AUGUSTUS), ANTONY, LEPIDUS
What was the Latin abbreviation for the praenomen Tiberius?
Bonus: How ‘bout the abbreviation for Gaius?
TI
C
Responde Latine. In what rooms of the Roman house might you find a lectus?
CUBICULUM AND TRICLINIUM
Complete this analogy: Spain is to Hispania as England is to…
Bonus: Complete this analogy: France is to Gallia as Switzerland is to…
BRITANNIA
HELVETIA
What moon of the planet Jupiter was named after a lover of Jupiter who was turned into a cow?
Bonus: What other moon of Jupiter bears the name of the lover whom Juppiter, transformed into a bull and carried away to Crete?
IO
EUROPA
Who am I? I was a fierce warrior and in single combat defeated many Greeks. But I was bested by Achilles, who dragged my dead body around the walls of Troy.
Bonus: Who was the father of Hector, who successfully pleaded for the return of his son’s body for burial?
HECTOR
PRIAM
When a person died in Rome, what was done for him to ensure his passage into the Underworld?
Bonus: Yes, he had to pay the ferryman, Charon, for his passage. What was the river he was ferried across?
COINS ON THE EYES/IN THE MOUTH
STYX
“Procrastinate” is a famous certamen word, since it contains three Latin words. Using you knowledge of Latin, tell me quite precisely what “procrastinate” means.
Bonus: Someone who studies Latin knows the true meanings of words. What is the true meaning of an “amateur”?
TO HOLD FOR TOMORROW
LOVER
What famous Roman proposed in 133 B.C to distribute illegally occupied public land to the poor, and was killed for his efforts?
Bonus: What office did Gracchus hold?
(TIBERIUS) GRACCHUS
TRIBUNE (OF THE PLEBS)
Who was this blind poet, the author of the first work of Greek literature?
Bonus: Name the two works of this poet.
HOMER
ILLIAD AND ODYSSEY
Which of these ablative uses will never take a preposition? Motion from, accompainment, manner, means, or personal agent?
Bonus: The ablative of accompaniment is not to be confused with the ablative of means. Translate the ablative of means in the sentence: “The men fight with swords.”
MEANS
GLADIIS
It’s the first of the month…
Bonus: This day is either the 5th or the 7th.
KALENDS
NONES
What outstanding musician followed his wife to the Underworld and successfully pled for her to be allowed to accompany back to the world of the living?
Bonus: Eurydice was her name, and she never actually made it out of the Underworld. What happened?
ORPHEUS
ORPHEUS LOOKED BACK
Please give me the declension and gender of fons.
Bonus: Ad, of course, takes the accusative case. But some prepositions can take the accusative or ablative. Give me two such prepositions.
3RD DECLENSION MASCULINE
IN, SUB, SUPER, SUBTER
What Roman magistrate had the power to eject a person from membership in the Senate?
Bonus: Which Roman magistrate had the shortest term of office?
CENSOR
DICTATOR
What hero succeeded in cutting off Medusa’s head?
Bonus: What hero succeeded in taming and riding Pegasus?
PERSEUS
BELLEROPHONE
What was the name of the chief priest at Rome?
Bonus: What group of priests had special skill in foretelling the will of the gods?
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS
AUGURS/HARUSPICES
Caesar crossed the Rubicon and began a civil war in Rome. What famous Roman was his chief opponent?
Bonus: This round of the civil wars that brought the Republic to an end lasted until 45 B.C. In what province was the final battle in 45 fought?
POMPEY
SPAIN
What three tenses are derived from the third principal part of the verb?
Bonus 1: What is the indicator for the future tense of a third conjugation verb?
Bonus 2: What is the tense indicator for the imperfect tense of all conjugations?
PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, FUTURE PERFECT
E-
-BA-
I was the daughter of Priam, fated always to speak true prophecies but never to be believed.
Bonus 1: What god had bestowed the gift of prophecy on this prophet?
Bonus 2: Who was the wife of Agamemnon who killed this prophet?
CASSANDRA
APOLLO
CLYTEMNESTRA
What was the year that the Roman Empire finally came to an end, with the capture of Constantinople?
Bonus: The Western Empire had ended some time before. What is the traditional date for the fall of the Empire in the West?
1453 A.D.
476 A.D.
What did the Romans call Ireland?
Bonus 1: What did the Romans call Scotland?
Bonus 2: What did the Romans call Egypt?
HIBERNIA
CALEDONIA
AEGYPTUS
What ablative construction is illustrated in this sentence: Caesar Romam magna cum celeritate it?
Bonus 1: What kind of ablative construction is illustrated in this sentence: Caesar cives suos timore liberavit?
Bonus 2: What kind of ablative construction is illustrated in this sentence: Senatores Caesarem gladiis necant?
MANNER
SEPARATION
MEANS
The head of a Roman household had enormous power and a special name. What was that name?
Bonus 1: Name one special power the pater familias had over persons in his control.
PATER FAMILIAS
LIFE AND DEATH, CONTROL OF PROPERTY, POWER TO SELL INTO SLAVERY x3, OR POWER OVER MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
Who am I? My father was Iapetus, my son Deucalion. I clashed with Zeus a number of times, once by arranging that men should receive the best part of their animal sacrifices, the gods the worst. For this, and because I cared for mankind so much, Zeus punished mankind by creating Pandora. He punished me for giving fire to mankind.
Bonus: We all know Prometheus was bound to a mountain and had his liver eaten by an eagle every night. What hero freed him from this torment?
PROMETHEUS
HERCULES
Where did Antony die?
Bonus: He died after losing what battle to Octavian?
EGYPT
ACTIUM
What Greek historian told the story of Rome’s rise to world domination in the 2nd century B.C.?
Bonus: What Roman historian told the story of the early Empire, especially the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
POLYBIUS
TACITUS
Who am I? I was at my plow when I was called to save a Roman army surrounded by enemies. I saved the army and then returned to my farm. I would have been pleased to know that a city was named after me in Ohio.
Bonus 1: To what office was this man elected to save the army?
Bonus 2: It was normal for people of this office to serve only until the emergency was over, and this man served only a few weeks. But that office also had a maximum term-limit. What was it?
CINCINNATUS
DICTATOR
6 MONTHS
Many buildings in Washington, DC are adorned with what tall and cylindrical architectural elements?
Bonus 1: What are the vertical indentations running around the circumference of some of these elements called?
COLUMNS
FLUTES
Who was the blacksmith of the Roman gods, also called the god of fire and forge?
Bonus 1: This blacksmith made what electrically charged weapons for Jupiter?
Bonus 2: Who was the wife of this blacksmith?
VULCAN
LIGHTNING BOLTS
VENUS
Imagine that you are an ancient Roman watching a gladiatorial match in the city of Rome. In what building are you most likely to be seated?
Bonus: Name two other events besides gladiator fights that could take place in the Colosseum.
THE COLOSSEUM/FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE BEAST FIGHTS (VENATIONES) AND MOCK NAVAL BATTLES (NAUMACHIAE)
Britain is to Britannia as _____ is to Gallia.
Bonus: Spain is to _____ as _____ is to Dacia.
FRANCE
HISPANIA AND ROMANIA
Name two of the Romance languages.
Bonus: What family of languages includes Latin?
FRENCH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN
INDO-EUROPEAN
What edible object am I? I am the reason why Proserpina must remain in the Underworld for six months out of every year.
Bonus 1: What other fruit was quite popular amongst the Romans because its oil could be used for eating, cooking, burning, or even for soap?
Bonus 2: Romans made wine from what fruit?
POMEGRANATE
OLIVE
GRAPE
Identify the canine creature that has three heads.
Bonus 1: What is the job of this creature?
CERBERUS
TO GUARD THE ENTRANCE TO THE UNDERWORLD
Which famous Roman is known for developing the Julian Calendar, which arranged the months as they are presently?
Bonus 1: What terrible thing did this Roman’s friend Brutus do to him?
Bonus 2: On what month, day, and year was this action done?
JULIUS CAESAR
HE HELPED TO ASSASSINATE HIM
MARCH 15, 44 BC
On what hill was the Temple of Iuppiter Optimus Maximus located?
Bonus: On what hill would you be likely to find the homes of the wealthy?
CAPITOLINE
PALATINE
Although the Romans called the stripe on the toga praetexta purple, to us this stripe would appear to be what color?
Bonus: With what liquid did the Romans wash their togas?
DARK RED
URINE
Who were the crazed female followers of Bacchus?
Bonus: What is an English derivative from Bacchus that refers to a wild party?
MAENADS
BACCHANALIA
From what Latin words and its meanings do we derive the English word “viaduct”?
Bonus 1: How about manufacture?
Bonus 2: How about ambulatory?
VIA- ROAD AND DUCERE- TO LEAD
FACERE- TO DO/MAKE AND MANUS- HAND
AMBULARE- TO WALK
By what name are the first five Roman Emperors known?
Bonus: Who was the last of these emperors?
JULIO-CLAUDIANS
NERO
This Roman art form is composed of tiny tiles made of stone or glass.
Bonus: A famous mosaic on the floor of a villa in Pompeii includes what famous Latin phrase concerning a dog?
MOSAIC
CAVE CANEM
What did gladiators say to the emperor before the competition began?
Bonus 1: Change “salutamus” to the singular.
Bonus 2: Change the singular to the infinitive.
NOS MORITURI TE SALUTAMUS- WE WHO ARE ABOUT TO DIE SALUTE YOU
SALUTO
SALUTARE
What Roman god lived beneath the volcano Mt. Etna?
Bonus 1: Name and define the creatures that helped this god with the forge?
VULCAN
CYCLOPS- A MYTHOLOGICAL CREATURE WITH ONLY ONE EYE
Thanksgiving is coming up soon! Hooray! While most people eat turkeys for Thanksgiving, some eat chicken. What is the Latin word for chicken?
Bonus: Some people might even eat goose! What is the Latin word for a goose?
PULLUS / GALLINA
ANSER
Halloween has just passed. Surely you saw all of the black and orange that adorned people’s homes. How do we say “black and orange” in Latin?
Bonus: Halloween has been associated with All Saints’ Day. What are the Latin words for “all” and”day”?
ATER ET FLAMMEUS
OMNIS and DIES
Name the holiday in February when strapping young Roman boys would run around with strips of goat skin, chasing young Roman girls.
Bonus 1: For us, February is the month of love, think of Valentine’s Day! Who was the Roman god of love?
Bonus 2: What is the Roman name for the mother of this god of love?
LUPERCALIA
CUPID
VENUS
Ok, enough questions about holidays! Speaking of enough, how do we say “enough” in Latin?
Bonus 1: Do not confuse the word for enough with this Latin word that means “at once.”
Bonus 2: What short English word, used often by doctors, is a derivative of the Latin word for “at once.”
SATIS
STATIM
STAT
List two prepositions that take the accusative case.
Bonus 1: Say in Latin, “through the woods.”
Bonus 2: Say in Latin, “around the Circus Maximus.”
PER, AD, SUPER, TRANS, CIRCUM, IN, ETC.
PER SILVAS
CIRCUM CIRCUM MAXIMUM
List two prepositions that take the ablative case.
Bonus 1: Many Roman authors have used the preposition “de” to title their works of literature. Please translate the title of Cicero’s work, “De Amicitia.”
Bonus 2: One of the leadership positions in the Senate of the United States is the President pro tempore. What does pro tempore mean?
PRO, DE, CUM, IN, ETC.
ON FRIENDSHIP
FOR THE TIME
Figulus Pilosus! That’s Harry Potter’s name in Latin. It turns out that there are numerous instances in the Harry Potter series when Latin is used. For example, why is the name Albus Dumbledore so appropriate?
Bonus 1: Who is Fluffy’s mythological equivalent?
Bonus 2: Fluffy and Cerberus both have three heads. How do we say “three” in Latin?
ALBUS MEANS WHITE, AND ALBUS DUMBLEDORE IS AN OLD MAN
CERBERUS
TRES
Staying on the Harry Potter theme, let’s talk about Professor Minerva McGonagle, named after the Roman goddess Minerva. What did the goddess Minerva control?
Bonus: Minerva possessed a shield with the face of who on it?
TACTICAL WAR
MEDUSA
Quid est nomen praesidi Civium Consociatorum Americae?
Bonus: What other king of Rome shared the name Tarquinius?
GEORGE W. BUSH
TARQUINIUS PRISCUS
This road ran across the length of Italy from Roma to Brundisium. Name it.
Bonus 1: What range of mountains that runs down the spine of Italy would the this road have to cross?
Bonus 2: What was the name of the road that ran through the Forum Romanum?
VIA APPIA/APPIAN WAY
APPENNINE MOUNTAINS
VIA SACRA
What is the Latin and its English meaning for which the abbreviation N.B. stands?
Bonus 1: What is the Latin and its English meaning for which the abbreviation E.G. stands?
Bonus 2: Now try this one: B.I.D.
NOTA BENE- NOTE WELL
EXEMPLI GRATIA- FOR EXAMPLE
BIS IN DIEM- TWICE A DAY
What does the Latin phrase “alea iacta est” mean?
Bonus: Julius Caesar may have hoped for this, which involved a procession through Rome and was often given to victorious generals.
THE DIE IS CAST
A TRIUMPH
In what room of the Roman house did cooking take place?
Bonus 1: In what room of the Roman house was there a pool in the floor?
Bonus 2: What was this pool called?
CULINA
ATRIUM
IMPLUVIUM
Who am I? I am a Carthaginian queen who fell deeply in love with the hero Aeneas when he came to visit my land. My evil brother Pygmalion killed my beloved husband Sychaeus.
Bonus 1: Because Aeneas left her, this queen cursed him and all his ancestors, leading to what three wars that Carthage fought against Rome?
Bonus 2: What sea separated Carthage from Rome?
DIDO
PUNIC WARS
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Please complete this analogy. Hibernia is to Ireland as _____ is to Germany.
Bonus 1: What is the Latin name for the continent of Europe?
Bonus 2: Say in Latin, Germany is in Europe but is not in Africa.
GERMANIA
EUROPA
GERMANIA EST IN EUROPA SED NON EST IN AFRICA
What protective structure, built by a famous bearded emperor, spans the border between England and Scotland?
Bonus 1: This emperor was also responsible for rebuilding what domed structure in Rome?
Bonus 2: In what century did Hadrian rule?
HADRIAN’S WALL
THE PANTHEON
3RD CENTURY AD
Give an English derivative from the god Janus’ name.
Bonus: Why is it appropriate that this derivative comes from Janus?
JANUARY
JANUARY IS THE BEGINNING OF A NEW YEAR
What was the head of a Roman household called, in Latin?
Which of the following was NOT a part of a Roman man’s familia: uxor, liberi, servi, clientes?
PATERFAMILIAS
CLIENTES
Give the Latin noun and its English meaning from which we derive our English word “intramural.”
Bonus 1: Give the Latin word and its English meaning from which we derive our English word “concurrent.”
Bonus 2: Give the Latin word and its English meaning from which we derive our English word “cibation.”
MURUS- WALL
CURRERE- TO RUN
CIBUS- FOOD
Quis sum? Sum deus Romanus marium et aquarum.
Bonus 1: Who was the wife of this god?
Bonus 2: What god, who was under the control of the above god, was in charge of the winds?
NEPTUNE
AMPHITRYTE
AEOLUS
What Greek mathematician had a great influence on trigonometry, even developing a special theorem regarding triangles?
Bonus 1: Which Greek mathematician is known as the father of geometry?
Bonus 2: Which Greek scientist was an expert in medical science? Even today, doctors take an oath named after him.
PYTHAGORAS
EUCLID
HIPPOCRATES
Which members of the Roman Republican government were responsible for keeping the public entertained with gladiator contests and the like?
Bonus 1: What is the name for the progression of offices in the Roman Republic?
Bonus 2: In what case is the word “honorum”?
QUAESTORS
CURSUS HONORUM
GENITIVE
Into how many horae, or hours, was the Roman day divided?
Bonus: Into how many vigiliae, or watches, was the Roman night divided?
TWELVE
FOUR
Who supposedly fiddled while Rome burned?
Bonus: This man took advantage of the great fire of AD 64 and built what magnificent palace?
NERO
DOMUS AUREA
Scribe Latine: Quis est mater Romuli Remique?
Bonus: Scribe Latine: Quis est pater haec feminae?
RHEA SILVIA
NUMITOR
What activity would a Roman expect to find in a circus?
Bonus: What was the function of the dolphins in the circus?
CHARIOT RACING
MARKED THE LAPS
By what river would the gods swear unbreakable oaths?
Bonus: What was the river of forgetfulness?
STYX
LETHE
What was the Latin name for southern Italy and Sicily controlled by the Greeks before the rise of Rome?
Bonus: What major city in Southern Italy was founded by the Greeks and its Greek name originally meant “new city”?
MAGNA GRAECIA
NAPLES
Rome gained possession of the island of Sicily after what war?
Bonus: Against what city was this war fought?
FIRST PUNIC WAR
CARTHAGE
What genre of literature did Homer and Vergil write?
Bonus: What genre of literature did the following Greek and Roman authors write: Thucydides, Herodotus, Tacitus, Livy?
EPIC POETRY
HISTORY
Whose dead body did Achilles drag around the walls of Troy?
Bonus: How was this person’s son Astyanax killed during the sack of Troy?
HECTOR
HE WAS THROWN DOWN FROM THE WALLS
What Roman hero single-handedly prevented the attacking Etruscans from crossing the Tiber until the Romans could destroy the bridge?
Bonus: What brave and amazing feat did this hero accomplish after the bridge was destroyed?
HORATIUS
HE JUMPED INTO THE RIVER IN FULL ARMOR AND SWAM TO THE ROMAN SIDE
At what event in ancient Rome would you have seen a retiarius?
Bonus: At what event would you have seen an auriga?
GLADIATORIAL CONTEST
CHARIOT RACE
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
Bonus: Who was the last Julio-Claudian emperor?
AUGUSTUS/OCTAVIAN
NERO
What case in the Latin language is used to show manner, means, accompaniment, or place where?
Bonus: What case is used to represent the indirect object?
ABLATIVE
DATIVE
What was the seaport located closest to Rome?
Bonus: What commodity obtained in and around this seaport did the Romans exploit and trade?
OSTIA
SALT
In the Zodiac, what sign represents the Nemean Lion, one of the Labors of Hercules?
Bonus: In the Zodiac, what sign represents the bull which carried off Europa?
LEO
TAURUS
The Romans had only twenty-four letters in their alphabet; we have twenty-six. What two letters did we add?
Bonus: Latin words containing a “y” were originally from what other language?
J AND W
GREEK
According to mythology, who disregarded his father’s advice and flew too close to the sun, thus falling to his death into the sea?
Bonus: Also according to mythology, who was killed by Jupiter because he rejected his father(Apollo)’s pleas to change his wish and, while driving the chariot of the sun, lost control, flew too high, and set the world on fire?
ICARUS
PHAETHON
Identify the common bond: Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, and Aegean.
Bonus: Which one of these is located in and around Greece?
SEAS
AEGEAN
What work of the poet Ovid is one of our main sources of the stories from mythology?
Bonus: What recurrent theme is obvious in Ovid’s story?
METAMORPHOSES
TRANSFORMATIONS
What Roman king supposedly claimed descent from Vulcan?
Bonus: Whom did this king’s daughter marry and support in her father’s assassination?
SERVIUS TULLIUS
TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS
What youth was appointed the judge of a divine beauty contest? The reward was a golden apple labeled “to the fairest.”
Bonus: The beauty contest took place on what mountain where this youth was a shepherd?
PARIS
MT. IDA
What road led through the Forum Romanum and up the Capitoline Hill?
Bonus: Triumphant Roman generals would take this road up the Capitoline to what temple?
VIA SACRA
TEMPLE OF JUPITER (OPTIMUS MAXIMUS)
What Roman hero proved his bravery by unflinchingly placing his hand in a fire?
Bonus: What Etruscan leader was this hero seeking to impress?
MUCIUS SCAEVOLA
LARS PORSENNA
Mythological terms sometimes find their way into science. What light element, a major component of stars, is named after the Greek word for the sun?
Bonus: What radioactive element is named after a god of the Underworld?
HELIUM
PLUTONIUM
What English word do we get from the Latin for “almost an island”?
Bonus: What happens when you circumnavigate an island?
PENINSULA
YOU SAIL AROUND IT
What queen entertained Aeneas as he made his way from Troy to Italy?
Bonus: What queen entertained Julius Caesar and Mark Antony in Alexandria?
DIDO
CLEOPATRA
On what river was the city of Rome founded?
Bonus: What is the name of Rome’s seaport at the mouth of the this river?
TIBER
OSTIA
What is the term for the series of offices an ambitious man might hold in the Roman Republic?
Bonus: What office was first in the cursus honorum?
CURSUS HONORUM
QUAESTOR
Is Marcus Tullius Cicero most famous for his oratory, history, or poetry?
Bonus: From what structure in the Roman Forum did orators usually address the crowd?
ORATORY
ROSTRA
When Julius Caesar was returning to Rome from his campaigns in Gaul, he crossed into Italy with the words “Alea iacta est.” Translate this into English.
Bonus: What river did Caesar cross at the head of his army, setting in motion a civil war?
THE DIE HAS BEEN CAST
RUBICON
What arrogant Greek woman boasted that she was a greater mother than Latona, the mother of Apollo and Artemis, because she had fourteen children and Latona only two?
Bonus: To avenge her slighted honor, Apollo and Artemis killed all fourteen of this woman’s children. Into what was the grieving woman changed?
NIOBE
A WEEPING SPRING
What movie, showing somewhere on TV at least once every night between now and Christmas, would the Romans have called Est Vita Mirabilis?
Bonus: What perennial favorite would have been called Itum cum Ventis?
IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE
GONE WITH THE WIND
What was the Latin name of the province around Rome? Today it is called Lazio.
Bonus: What was the Latin name of the province directly to the north of Rome and inhabited by the Etruscans? Today it is called Toscano.
LATIUM
ETRURIA
What Thracian slave led a slave revolt in 73 BC?
Bonus: Where did this slave hide his camp?
SPARTACUS
MT. VESUVIUS
Who wrote a letter to the Emperor Trajan detailing the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
Bonus: His letter also detailed the death of Pliny the Elder in the eruption. Of what relation was Pliny the Elder to this writer?
PLINY THE YOUNGER
UNCLE
What is the meaning of the Latin phrase caveat emptor?
Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase in vino veritas?
MAY THE BUYER BEWARE
IN WINE THERE IS TRUTH
Who was the queen of Troy and wife of Priam?
Bonus: Who was the wife of Aeneas? The gods decreed that she would not make it out of Troy alive.
HECUBA
CREUSA
Of the Roman Monarchy, Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire, during which period did Servius Tullius rule?
Bonus: Of the Roman Monarchy, Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire, during which period did Nero rule?
ROMAN MONARCHY
ROMAN EMPIRE
What class of Roman society included the businessmen and those who could afford to outfit a horse in war? Bonus: What was the term for the common people of Rome?
EQUITES
PLEBES/PLEBEIANS
Who was the first Roman emperor to accept Christianity?
Bonus: This emperor had moved the capital of the Roman Empire to what Greek city?
CONSTANTINE
BYZANTIUM
What beautiful maiden and daughter of Demeter became queen of the Underworld?
Bonus: Why was she forced to spend time in the Underworld?
PERSEPHONE
SHE HAD EATEN POMEGRANATE SEEDS
What is the Latin abbreviation used to add more information at the end of a letter?
Bonus: If you need to add another message at the end of your first P.S., do you write P.P.S. or P.S.S.
P.S. (POST SCRIPTUM)
P.P.S. (POST POST SCRIPTUM)
By what title are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius known?
Bonus: Which of The Five Good Emperors is known as the “philosopher emperor”?
THE FIVE GOOD EMPERORS
MARCUS AURELIUS
What mythological beasts had the faces of maidens but the bodies of vultures?
Bonus: In the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, harpies have been sent by Hera to foul and steal food from the table of what blind seer?
HARPIES
PHINEUS
Complete the following analogy: Forum is to Rome as _____ is to Athens.
Bonus: Complete the following analogy: Stoa is to Athens as _____ is to Rome.
AGORA
BASILICA
Cicero was a novus homo. Marius was also a novus homo. What is the Latin plural for the phrase novus homo?
Bonus: Cicero and Marius were both from Arpinum. How would you say in Latin, “from Arpinum”?
NOVI HOMINES
ARPINO
Name the Titan who defied Zeus by giving fire to mankind.
Bonus: How did Zeus punish this Titan?
PROMETHEUS
BOUND HIM TO A WINTRY CLIFF WHERE A VULTURE ATE OUT HIS LIVER
What animals are associated with both Pyrrhus and Hannibal?
Bonus: What animals are associated with Manlius and the Temple of Juno Moneta?
ELEPHANTS
GEESE
What man was awakened by the honking of the sacred geese in time to save the citadel of Rome from an attack by the Gauls?
Bonus: To which deity were these geese sacred?
(MARCUS) MANLIUS CAPITOLINUS
JUNO
What was the Regina Viarum?
Bonus: The Regina Viarum began at Rome. At what seaport did it end?
THE APPIAN WAY
BRUNDISIUM
How long was a consul in office?
Bonus: How much did each consul get paid?
ONE YEAR
NOTHING
Would one typically wear a petasus – in pede or in capite or in digito?
Bonus: Would one typically wear calcei – in pedibus or in capite or in digitis?
IN CAPITE
IN PEDIBUS
Students often confuse the meaning of similar looking words. Distinguish the meaning between dico, duco, and doceo.
Bonus: Distinguish the meanings between traho and trado.
DICO- SAY/TELL, DUCO- LEAD/TAKE, DOCEO- TEACH
TRAHO- DRAG, TRADO- HAND OVER
In ancient Rome, what was the profession of a woman who wore a toga?
Bonus: On the back of her shoes she had written sequere me. What does this mean?
PROSTITUTE
FOLLOW ME
If you are successful at everything you attempt, it can be said that you have this Phrygian king’s touch, which turned everything into gold.
Bonus: Who gave this king “the golden touch”?
MIDAS
DIONYSUS/BACCHUS
What is the meaning of the Latin phrase attributed to Hippocrates “ars longa, vita brevis”?
Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase cogito ergo sum?
ART IS LONGA, LIFE IS SHORT
I THINK, THEREFORE I AM
What is the meaning of the Latin phrase quid pro quo?
Bonus: What is the Latin phrase which describes an absolute necessity?
I DO SOMETHING FOR YOU, YOU DO SOMETHING FOR ME
SINE QUA NON
The combat between the three Horatii brothers and the three Curiatii brothers represented the conflict between Rome and what other neighboring city?
Bonus: What refugee from Troy who was also the son of Aeneas had founded this city a couple of centuries earlier?
ALBA LONGA
ASCANIUS/IULUS
Jason led the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. Not only did he bring back the Golden Fleece but he also brought back this witchy woman as his wife. Who was she?
Bonus: Jason later dumped this woman in favor of the princess Glauce. How did this woman seek revenge against Jason?
MEDEA
SHE KILLED THEIR CHILDREN
In what building in Rome did the gladiatorial contests
take place?
Bonus: What is another event besides gladiator fights that took place in this building?
COLOSSEUM/FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE
VENATIONES (BEAST FIGHTS) / NAUMACHIA (MOCK NAVAL
BATTLES)
What type of clothing was considered to be the national garment of Rome, worn only by Roman citizens?
Bonus 1: What distinguishes the toga praetexta?
Bonus 2: What is the Latin word for purple?
TOGA A PURPLE (PURPUREUS)/CRIMSON STRIPE
Who was the first king of Rome and who was his brother?
Bonus: What animal was said to have nursed Romulus and Remus?
ROMULUS AND REMUS
A WOLF
Translate into English, Salvete discipuli.
Bonus: How would you greet and say goodbye in Latin?
HELLO STUDENTS
SALVE AND VALE
Which word in the following sentence is in the accusative case? Ursus cibum amat.
Bonus 1: What do we use accusative case for?
Bonus 2: What case is ursus?
CIBUM
DIRECT OBJECTS
NOMINATIVE
Who is the god of wine?
Bonus: Of what is Bacchus’ staff, the thyrsos, made?
BACCHUS/DIONYSUS
PINE CONE
What month is named after Julius Caesar’s adopted son?
Bonus: What number month was December, originally?
AUGUST
TENTH
Where do the Roman gods live?
Bonus: What do they eat and drink?
MOUNT OLYMPUS
AMBROSIA AND NECTAR
Rome was constructed on seven what?
Bonus: What hill is known as the religious center of Rome?
HILLS
CAPITOLINE
With what letter does the Latin word for “five” begin?
Bonus: Lots of question words in Latin begin with the letter “Q.” What are the Latin question words for “who” and “what”?
Q
QUIS AND QUID
Who am I? I am Roman. I have the peacock as
my symbol, and I watch over marriage and childbirth. I am the Queen of the Gods. Jupiter is my husband.
Bonus: Why is the peacock Juno’s symbol?
JUNO
ARGUS, 100 EYES, ETC.
In ancient Rome, married women could wear what special garment?
Bonus 1: Which famous Roman woman escaped from the Etruscan king Lars Porsenna by swimming across a river with her horse, only to be returned to the Etruscans?
Bonus 2: Which famous Roman woman was Julius Caesar’s third wife, the one who supposedly warned him against going to the Senate on that fateful day?
STOLA
CLOELIA
CALPURNIA
What is the FULL NAME of the individual who said “alea iacta est”?
Bonus: What is this individual’s praenomen?
GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR
GAIUS
If Gaius Julius Caesar were to have a daughter, according to Roman tradition what would she be named?
Bonus: What is the genitive and accusative singular of this name?
JULIA
JULIAE AND JULIAM
Which two Greek gods and goddesses competed to name the city that is now the capital of Greece?
Bonus: What did they both offer to Athens?
POSEIDON AND ATHENA
POSEIDON- HORSE, ATHENA- OLIVE TREE
Which monster am I? I was killed by Perseus. I have snakes for hair.
Bonus 1: Of what mythological group was Medusa a member?
Bonus 2: What happened to anyone who looked upon the face of Medusa?
MEDUSA
GORGONS
WOULD TURN TO STONE
What very verstatile substance did the Romans use as soap, to light their lamps, to cook, and to eat?
Bonus 1: The so-called Mediterranean Triad of crops also includes grapes and grain. Who is the Roman goddess of grain?
Bonus 2: What is the Roman name for her daughter?
OLIVE OIL
CERES
PROSERPINA
The phrase “cave canem” can be seen on a famous type of Roman art that is constructed with small stones called tesserae. What type of art is this?
Bonus: The mosaic featuring the phrase “cave canem” was found in what famous city that was destroyed by a volcano?
MOSAIC
POMPEII
In the Roman house, what was the cubiculum?
Bonus A: What was the peristylium?
Bonus B: And the latrina?
BEDROOM
INDOOR GARDEN
BATHROOM
What are the first five Roman Emperors called?
Bonus: Who was the second emperor?
JULIO-CLAUDIANS
TIBERIUS
Which queen of Carthage fell in love with Aeneas?
Bonus 1: On what continent is Carthage located?
Bonus 2: The wars between Carthage and Rome were known as what?
DIDO
AFRICA
PUNIC WARS
Vespasian was the last of what group of emperors?
Bonus 1: The Flavian Amphitheatre is also known as what?
Bonus 2: A giant statue of which emperor once stood outside the this amphitheatre?
FLAVIANS
COLOSSEUM
NERO
What is the Latin word for the Roman province of Greece?
Bonus: How about Italy and Germany?
GRAECIA
ITALIA AND GERMANIA
From what Latin word and its English meaning do we derive the word “entrance?”
Bonus: Now tell me both Latin words and their English meanings that show up in the word “malefactor.”
INTRARE- TO ENTER
MALUS- BAD AND FACERE- TO DO/MAKE
Of ius, iubeo, and iustitia, which is the Latin word for “soup”?
Bonus: What are nuces and uvae?
IUS
NUTS AND GRAPES
Of Karthago, Kalends, and Kardo, which is the Latin word referring to a date on the calendar?
Bonus 1: Which month was originally the ninth month in the sequence?
Bonus 2: March 15, 44 BC is also known as the _____ of March.
KALENDS
NOVEMBER
IDES
Who is the Roman goddess of war?
Bonus: Who is her male counterpart?
MINERVA
MARS
I am Roman. I hold the trident and rule over the waters. Who am I?
Bonus: From what two Latin words and their English meanings does the word “trident” come?
NEPTUNE
TRES MEANING THREE AND DENS MEANING TOOTH
Name the shawl worn by Roman women to provide warmth and modesty.
Bonus: I am a famous Roman woman. I was the second wife of the emperor Augustus, and the mother of the emperor Tiberius. Who am I?
PALLA
LIVIA
What Latin word means “how many”?
Bonus: What is the meaning of “ubi” and “cur”?
QUOT/QUANTUS
WHERE/WHEN, WHY
Speakers in the Forum Romanum stood at this location, made from the prows of ships, inorder to speak.
Bonus 1: What gender is the Latin word “forum”?
Bonus 2: Make “forum” plural.
ROSTRA
NEUTER
FORA
These mythological creatures sang beautiful yet deadly songs. Odysseus had himself tied to the mast of his ship so that he could hear the songs without succumbing to them. Who are these creatures?
Bonus: What did Odysseus’ men do so that they would not succumb to the songs?
SIRENS
PLUGGED THEIR EARS WITH WAX
Of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, which style of column is the most elaborate?
Bonus: What style of these columns has the appearance of scrolls at the top?
CORINTHIAN
IONIC
If Emeril Lagasse were an ancient Roman, in what room of the Roman house would he cook?
Bonus 1: Emeril is Portuguese. What is the Latin name for the country directly to the east of Portugal?
Bonus 2: In the sentence “Emeril is Portuguese,” translate the verb into Latin.
CULINA
HISPANIA
EST
Who was the second king of Rome?
Bonus: Which king succeeded Numa Pompilius?
NUMA POMPILIUS
TULLUS HOSTILIUS
Give the Latin for the province from which the Romans imported most of their tutors.
GRAECIA
What is the infinitive of sum?
Bonus: What is the English meaning of this infinitive?
ESSE
TO BE
Who am I? I am god of the sun and my symbol is the lyre.
Bonus: Who is the sister of Apollo and what is her Greek name?
APOLLO
DIANA, ARTEMIS
Complete the following analogy: nose is to nasus as hand is to _____.
Bonus: Which famous Roman hero burned off his right hand to show his loyalty to Rome?
MANUS
MUCIUS SCAEVOLA
How would you say 99 in Roman numerals?
Bonus: What year is DCCLIII?
XCIX
753
What case is used for direct address?
Bonus 1 : Translate the noun being used in direct address in this sentence into Latin. Get out of the tree, Sextus!
Bonus 2: Translate the noun being used in direct address in this sentence into Latin. Run away, Lucius!
VOCATIVE
SEXTE
LUCI
Discipulus looked up the verb audio in the dictionary and just from looking at its principle parts, he knew it was 4th conjugation. How?
Bonus 1: Translate “We used to hear.”
Bonus 2: Now translate that to future, keeping the same person and number.
IO, IRE PATTERN FOR 1ST AND 2ND PARTS
AUDIEBAMUS
AUDIEMUS
What Greek is given credit for the idea of building the Trojan horse?
Bonus 1: For how many years had they fought before building the horse?
Bonus 2: Of the following Trojans, who was alive after Troy fell: Priam, Paris, Cassandra, Hector?
ODYSSEUS
10
CASSANDRA
According to the Greeks, who was the father of Zeus?
Bonus 1: How did Rhea save Zeus’ life right after he was born?
Bonus 2: Who was his oldest sister?
CRONUS
BY REPLACING HIM WITH A STONE FOR CRONUS TO SWALLOW
HESTIA
Name the 5 members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
Bonus: Which of those emperors reportedly made his horse a senator?
AUGUSTUS, TIBERIUS, CALIGULA, CLAUDIUS, NERO
CALIGULA
Who am I? I am a daughter of Zeus. My mother was Metis. Zeus swallowed my mother and I sprung from his head. I am the goddess of wisdom. Who am I?
Bonus 1: This child of Zeus stole Apollo’s cattle the day he was born.
Bonus 2: Who was the child of Zeus and Hera who was thrown off Mt. Olympus and limped from that day on?
ATHENA
HERMES
HEPHAESTUS
Please select the word that doesn’t belong and explain why it doesn’t belong: et, sed, sub, quod.
Bonus: Translate the prepositional phrase in the following sentence: The girl ran under the farmhouse.
SUB, IT IS A PREPOSITION AND THE OTHERS ARE CONJUNCTIONS
SUB VILLA
I am a Trojan man who survived the Greek sack of Troy. I carried my father out of the city on my back. I had many adventures and eventually made it to Italy. Venus is my mother. Who am I?
Bonus: Who was this man’s wife who died before she got to the gates of Troy?
AENEAS
CREUSA
If a Roman sailed south of Italia through the Mare Nostrum, in what province would he end up?
Bonus 1: What city in Africa was established by Dido?
Bonus 2: After which Punic war was this city destroyed?
AFRICA
CARTHAGE
THIRD PUNIC WAR
What article of clothing was the symbol of Roman citizenship?
Bonus: What type of toga was worn by children?
TOGA
TOGA PRAETEXTA
What is the function of boy in the following sentence?
That student over there is a boy.
Bonus 1: Translate the predicate nominative in the following sentence: Those students are boys.
Bonus 2: Translate the predicate nominative in this sentence: Those plants are trees.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
PUERI
ARBORES
Who in Ancient Rome would you hear say “Te morituri salutamus” in the Colesseum?
Bonus: How were Spartacus and 6,000 of their fellow slaves punished for their part in the revolt in AD 73?
GLADIATORS
CRUCIFIED
What motto found on coins refers to many colonies becoming one nation?
Bonus 1: What is e a shortened form of?
E PLURIBUS UNUM
EX
In the Roman Forum, what was the name of the senate house?
Bonus 1: Where did the centuries of the army assemble near Rome?
Bonus 2: What was the only round temple in the forum?
CURIA
CAMPUS MARTIUS
TEMPLE OF VESTA
When recognized, please stand and perform the following command. Sta et dic mihi nomen scholae tuae.
Bonus 1: Salite in pede uno.
Bonus 2: Ponite digitos in oculos tuos.
STAND AND SAY THE NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL
JUMP ON ONE FOOT
PUT FINGERS IN THEIR EYES
According to the Roman naming tradition, what would the
daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero be named?
Bonus 1: If Romans had many daughters, how did they distinguish among them?
Bonus 2: What would the fifth daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero be named?
TULLIA
THEY NUMBERED THEM FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, ETC.
TULLIA QUINTA
Identify the tense of the verb in the following sentence. Mater et pater vocem magnum audient.
Bonus 1: Keeping the same person and number, change it to present tense.
Bonus 2: Keeping same person and number, change it to pluperfect tense.
FUTURE
AUDIUNT
AUDIVERANT
What does the abbreviation AUC stand for in Latin?
Bonus: In AUC, what year was Caesar assassinated?
AB URBE CONDITA
709 AUC
There is a famous statue in the Vatican of a man being strangled by snakes. Who is that man?
Bonus: How is his famous quote from the Aenied translated? Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.
LAOCOON
I FEAR THE GREEKS, EVEN (THOSE) BEARING GIFTS
Which god had two faces?
Bonus 1: Which King of Rome built the temple of this god on the Capitoline?
Bonus 2: What did it mean when the doors of the temple were closed?
JANUS
NUMA POMPILIUS
ROME WAS NOT FIGHTING ANY WARS/AT PEACE
Take the number of declensions, subtract the number of consuls who served each year, and multiply by the number of heads of Cerberus. Give the answer in Roman numerals.
Bonus 1: What was Cerberus’ job?
Bonus 2: What are the Greek and Roman names for the goddess who spent half the year in the underworld?
IX
TO GUARD THE ENTRANCE OF THE UNDERWORLD
PERSEPHONE/PROSERPINA
In what Roman province was the city Londinium located?
Bonus 1: What province was mostly conquered by Julius Caesar?
Bonus 2: What river marked the boundary between Gaul and Italy?
BRITANNIA
GALLIA
RUBICON
What symbol of Roman power was a bundle of rods and an ax?
Bonus 1: There is a famous statue in Cincinati, Ohio of a man holding the fasces in one hand and a plow in the other. Who is this man?
Bonus 2: What tribe did this man defeat in less than two weeks before giving up his dictatorship?
FASCES
CINCINNATUS
AEQUI
Who am I? I fed my son to the gods. As punishment, I was eternally hungry and thirsty. The English word tantalize comes from my name.
Bonus 1: Who am I? I am the son brought back to life by the gods after my father served me to the gods.
Bonus 2: This man is given credit for starting what famous games?
TANTALUS
PELOPS
OLYMPIC GAMES
In a Roman home what was the name for the master’s office or study that was usually located opposite the front entrance?
Bonus: What did Romans use instead of toilet paper in the latrina?
TABLINUM
A SPONGE ON A STICK
Who was Hannibal’s father, who made him swear eternal hatred for Rome.
Bonus: What battle of the 2nd punic war was the site of the worst military defeat in Roman history?
HAMILCAR (BARCA)
BATTLE OF CANNAE
What daughter of the King of Colchis did Jason marry?
Bonus: How did Medea distract her father from pursuring Jason as he sailed away with the precious fleece?
MEDEA
MEDEA CHOPPED UP HER BROTHER INTO PIECES AND SCATTERED THEM ON THE OCEAN SO HER FATHER HAD TO STOP AND COLLECT THEM ALL
What did the Romans call the first day of every month?
KALENDS
What story told by Ovid explains how Mulberry berries got their color. In the story, a young man and woman talk through a small chink in the wall and plan to meet in secret.
Bonus 1: Why did this man think that this woman was dead when he arrived at their secret meeting place?
Bonus 2: What play by Shakespeare tells the story of Pyramus and Thisbe as a play within the play?
PYRAMUS AND THISBE
HE SAW HER CLOAK WITH BLOOD ON IT
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM
What is the English meaning of Kansas’ state motto “Ad astra per aspera?”
Bonus: What is the VA state motto?
TO THE STARS THROUGH DIFFICULTIES
SIC SEMPER TYRRANIS
Who of the following gods is not a niece or nephew of Hades? Hermes, Hestia, Hephaestus, Hebe
Bonus 1: Who of the following are not children of Zeus: Ares, Apollo, Venus, Diana?
Bonus 2: Who is not an aunt/uncle of the Muses: Hestia, Hera, Zeus, Hades?
HESTIA
ARES, VENUS
ZEUS (FATHER)
Who is the father of the 1st king of Rome?
Bonus 1: Who was Romulus’ mother?
Bonus 2: With what goddess did Mars have an affair? He ended up trapped in a net with her.
MARS
RHEA SILVIA
VENUS
What government position was in charge of assessing how much taxes each citizen owed?
Bonus 1: Whose title meant “highest bridge builder”
Bonus 2: What position could veto the acts of the consuls to protect the lower classes?
CENSOR
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS
TRIBUNE OF THE PLEBS
Besides being the word for islands, what other meaning did insulae have to ancient Romans?
Bonus: Rich people would often have a villa urbana and a villa rustica. What’s the difference?
APARTMENT BUILDIGS
URBANA- IN THE CITY, RUSTICA- IN THE COUNTRY
How was light created during the day?
Bonus: What is the only ancient wonder of the world still mostly intact today?
WITH THE USE OF MIRRORS
GREAT PYRAMID AT GYZA
What one eyed creatures, including Polyphemus, were said to be Poseidon’s sons?
Bonus 1: What Mother of Cerberus was half-serpent half-nymph?
Bonus 2: What mythological monster was a snake who was called the king of serpents? Any creature that made eye contact with it would die.
CYCLOPES
ECHIDNA
BASILISK
What does Pax Romana mean?
Bonus 1: With the death of what Emperor was the Pax Romana said to end?
Bonus 2: Decline pax in the singular.
ROMAN PEACE
MARCUS AURELIUS
PAX, PACIS, PACI, PACEM, PACE
How does latin indicate a yes or no question is being asked?
Bonus 1: Translate the question word in the following sentence: Why are you doing this?
Bonus 2: Translate the question word in the following sentence: Where is the garden?
WITH -NE (ATTACHED TO THE FIRST WORD IN THE SENTENCE)
CUR
UBI
The word decimate comes from what Latin number?
Bonus 1: How does the word decimate relate to the number?
Bonus 2: What was the name for the man in charge of each group of 100 men?
DECEM
IF A UNIT TRIED TO REVOLT, THE SOLDIERS WERE LINED UP AND EVERY TENTH SOLDIER WAS KILLED
CENTURION
Who were the two sisters of Castor and Pollux?
Bonus: Castor and Pollux are famous twins in Roman history. What famous triplets helped Rome defeated Alba Longa?
HELEN AND CLYTEMNESTRA
THE HORATII
Whose fate was to kill his father and marry his mother?
Bonus 1: Why does his name mean swollen feet?
Bonus 2: Of what city was he king?
OEDIPUS
WHEN HIS FATHER LAIUS HAD HIM EXPOSED ON A MOUNTAIN, HE FIRST PIERCED HIS ANKLES WITH BROOCHES
THEBES
What case does the object of the preposition ab take?
Bonus 1: Name 3 other prepositions that take the ablative.
Bonus 2: Identify the type of ablative in the following sentence. Cum matre ad hortum ambulabam.
ABLATIVE
SINE, IN, DE, SUB, PRO, CUM, EX
ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT
What is the name for the political alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar?
Bonus 1: Which of these men was the last to die?
Bonus 2: Pompey was killed by Ptolemy in what country?
1ST TRIUMVIRATE
JULIUS CAESAR
EGYPT
Who used the creature Argus as a spy?
Bonus 1: Why was Argus such a good spy?
Bonus 2: Whom did Zeus send to kill Argus?
HERA/JUNO
HE HAD 100 EYES AND ONLY 2 SLEPT AT A TIME
HERMES
Name the 6 indicative tenses.
Bonus 1: Translate laudaverant.
Bonus 2: What tense is pugnaverint?
PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE, PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, FUTURE PERFECT
THEY HAD PRAISED
FUTURE PERFECT
What type of art would one find on the floor of wealthy Roman Houses made of tesserae?
Bonus: What art was made on wet plaster and can still be found in the ruins of wealthy homes?
MOSAICS
FRESCOES
What was the central room in the Roman house called?
Bonus: In the atrium, you could find this basin that held rainwater.
ATRIUM
IMPLUVIUM
Calliope would have been invoked by Virgil. What was her domain?
Bonus: Suetonius, Tacitus, and Livy would have looked to Clio for inspiration. What was her domain?
EPIC POETRY
HISTORY
Who were Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa?
Bonus 1: Who were Clotho, Atropos, and Lachesis?
Bonus 2: Who were Allecto, Tisiphone, and Megara?
GORGON SISTERS
FATES
FURIES
What was the name of the scraper used to remove dirt and oil?
Bonus: How would the Romans exercise in the palaestra?
STRYGIL
WRESTLE
Who stole fire from the gods and gave it to mankind?
Bonus: What was his punishment?
PROMETHEUS
HE WAS CHAINED TO A ROCK, HIS LIVER WAS EATEN BY BIRDS EVERY DAY, AND THEN IT GREW BACK
What road, built by Appius Claudius Caecus, was known as the queen of the Roman roads?
Bonus 1: What does Appius Claudius Caecus’ cognomen mean?
Bonus 2: What government position did he hold at the time, which was in charge of public games and the public dole as well as public works?
VIA APPIA
BLIND
AEDILE
In the game knucklebones, what kind of hand was a Venus hand?
Bonus 2: What was a losing hand called? It is also the name of the birds that Romulus and Remus saw as they fought over establishing Rome.
WINNING HAND
VULTURE HAND
Zeus defeated this creature who had the head of a donkey and dragon scales. Who was this monster?
Bonus 1: This monster is said to be buried under a still active volcano in Sicily. Name it.
Bonus 2: Zeus was raised on a different island in the Mediterranean. Name this island where the nymphs cared for him.
TYPHON
MT. ETNA
CRETE
What Latin word meaning how much, in English means an indivisible amount? It is also the name of a branch of physics.
Bonus 1: What question word would you use to ask someone their age?
Bonus 2: What is a question that begins “quo modo” asking?
QUANTUM
QUOT
HOW
Who were the 2 leaders of the executive branch of the Roman republic who served for one year?
Bonus: Name one of the 2 first consuls of Rome.
CONSULS
BRUTUS AND COLLATINUS
How many hills is Rome said to be built on?
Bonus: From the name of what hill do we get the English word “palace”?
SEVEN
PALATINE
Who was the last pharaoh of Egypt?
Bonus 1: According to a legend, what precious stone did this pharaoh dissolve into vinegar to demonstrate her extreme wealth?
Bonus 2: What two Romans are now thought to have been this pharaoh’s only two lovers?
CLEOPATRA
A PEARL
MARC ANTHONY and JULIUS CAESAR
This man got his start in Rome as a lawyer defending a man from patricide. He rose up through the cursus honorum and eventually saved Rome from a conspiracy headed by Cataline. His cognomen means chick pea. Who is he?
Bonus 1: This man’s cognomen means lefthanded because he burned his right hand in a fire to prove his bravery. Who is he?
Bonus 2: This man’s cognomen means One-eyed. He defended the Pons Sublicius from Etruscan attack. Who is he?
MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO
MUCIUS SCAEVOLA
HORATIUS COCLES
What Etruscan was figuratively crowned by an eagle, and went on to become the fifth king of Rome?
Bonus: What was the name of his prophetess wife?
TARQUINIUS PRISCUS
TANAQUIL
Name the mythological hero to whom these characters are associated: Aethra, Aegeus, Ariadne, and the Minotaur.
Bonus: What is the familial relation between Ariadne and the Minotaur?
THESEUS
HALF-SISTER
Which case follows the preposition prope?
Bonus: What about pro?
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
What does the Latin abbreviation A.D. stand for?
Bonus: What does it mean in English?
ANNO DOMINI
IN THE YEAR OF THE MASTER
On what hill would you find the homes of the wealthiest Romans?
Bonus: In what section of the city would you find the poorest Romans?
PALATINE
SUBURA
Here’s some mythological math! Take the number of Muses, add the number of Furies, and divide by the number of sandals Jason was wearing upon confronting Pelias.
Bonus: Now, try this: Take the number of years the Trojan War took, subtract the number of Graces, add the number of eyes four Cyclops would have, and multiply by the number of ships Helen purportedly launched.
12
11,000
The city of Athens, which was won by regaling the townsfolk with gifts, was a contest between which two gods?
Bonus: What was the winning gift that one of the deities gave?
ATHENA AND POSEIDON/MINERVA AND NEPTUNE
OLIVE TREE
This brave Roman defended the Pons Sublicius single-handedly as it was being destroyed behind him, and then swam back to safety in his armor.
Bonus: What major river did the Pons Sublicius span?
HORATIUS COCLES
TIBER
Responde Latine. In what kind of dwellings did plebeian Roman city-dwellers typically live?
Bonus: What else could this mean?
INSULAE
ISLANDS
What city served as a port for travelers headed for Greece, and marked the end of the Via Appia?
Bonus: What city was previously the end point of the Via Appia?
BRUNDISIUM
CAPUA
What pious matron’s rape and eventual suicide led to the end of the Monarchy?
Bonus: What form of government replaced the monarchy in 509BC?
LUCRETIA
REPUBLIC
Sextus is in the mood for some entertainment. What building in Rome would he visit if he wanted to see chariot races?
Bonus: After watching his favorite team lose several times, Sextus decides chariot races are boring. At the Colloseum he sees a retiarius, with what type of weapons does he fight?
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
NET AND TRIDENT
What king, deified posthumously as Quirinus, was raised by wolves and grew up to found Rome?
Bonus: Who was the shepherd who first found him and his brother?
ROMULUS
FAUSTULUS
If you wanted to thank one Roman for helping you, what would you say?
Bonus: If a Roman wanted to know the weather, and it was sunny outside, what would you say?
GRATIAS TIBI AGO
SOL LUCET
Valentine’s Day was just over a week ago, and we typically associate that day with love. What is the meaning of the Latin phrase “amor omnia vincit”?
Bonus: Love isn’t always easy, and you have to take responsibility for your own actions. On this note, if someone says “mea culpa,” what do they mean?
LOVE CONQUERS ALL
IT IS THEIR FAULT
What famous city, said to have been founded by Ascanius, was the origin of Romulus and Remus and conquered by Tullus Hostilius?
Bonus: According to legend, who was said to have slain Tullus Hostilius?
ALBA LONGA
JUPITER
Quis sum? Apollo amat me, sed eum non amo. Mutavi in arborem et nunc sum “laurus”.
Bonus: Quis sum? Sum soror Iovis, et uxor Iovis quoque! Sum regina deorum.
DAPHNE
JUNO
Talk about horrible in-laws! What proud king of Rome gained his position by assassinating his own father-in-law?
Bonus: It seems like this entire family has issues with self-control. What was the name of this king’s wife, who ran over her own father’s body with her chariot?
TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS
TULLIA
What is the Greek equivalent to Mercury?
Bonus: What is the Greek equivalent to Vulcan?
HERMES
HEPHAESTUS
What curly haired dictator of Rome promptly returned to his farm after saving the Roman army surrounded by a hostile tribe?
Bonus: What was the hostile tribe that he defeated?
CINCINNATUS
AEQUI
What child of Rhea did she replace with a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, to prevent her husband Cronus from eating the child?
Bonus: To what island was he whisked away, and raised by nymphs?
ZEUS
CRETE
Which of the following buildings in Rome was the oldest, built during the time of kings: Colosseum, Theatre of Marcellus, Circus Maximus, Baths of Caracalla ?
Bonus: Using the same list, which building was built by the Flavian emperors near the site of Nero’s Golden House?
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
COLOSSEUM
This Sabine king of Rome created the Pontifices as well as the Vestal Virgins.
Bonus: What nymph was said to have been the teacher of this king?
NUMA POMPILIUS
EGERIA
The Roman poet Horace is the first to have quoted the phrase “carpe diem.” What type of verb is “carpe”?
Bonus: What does the phrase “carpe diem” mean?
IMPERATIVE
SEIZE THE DAY
What mythological creature was ½ man ½ horse?
Bonus: Most of these creatures were wild, aggressive and unpredictable. However, just like Firenze in the Harry Potter books, there was in classical mythology one friendly creature known for his wisdom, who was the tutor of several heroes. Name him.
CENTAUR
CHARON
This general quoted “Alea iacta est.” as he crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC. Name this Roman, and what is the meaning of this phrase?
Bonus: What governing body of the Republic was this general defying with this action?
JULIUS CAESAR, THE DIE HAS BEEN CAST
SENATE
Differentiate in meaning between “et cetera” and “et alii.”
Bonus: If someone holds a position “pro tempore,” what kind of position is this?
ET CETERA- AND THE REST, ET ALII- AND THE OTHERS
FOR A TIME, TEMPORARY, ETC.
What Roman maiden led hostages in swimming across the Tiber to escape their Etruscan captors?
Bonus: What Etruscan king did she inflame, originally with fury, and then finally with admiration?
CLOEILIA
LARS PORSENNA
The typical term for this office was one year, and after that ten years had to pass before the same person could run for this position again. How many consuls served at a given time?
Bonus: What official was in charge of games, streets, and grain supply?
TWO
AEDILE
What building in the Forum Romanum housed senate meetings?
Bonus: What large halls were centers of business and legal transactions? They later were used as churches by the Christians.
CURIA
BASILICAE
Name the Roman god, who among his many jobs, was the god of thieves, led dead souls to the Underworld, was the patron of travelers, and the messenger of the gods?
Responde Latine. Quot oculi sunt Cerbero et Polyphemo, in toto?
MERCURY
SEPTEM
The most important part of a Roman house was the lararium. What would a Roman do there?
Bonus: Who were the household gods that protected a Roman family’s good fortune?
Bonus: Who were the household gods who looked out for the pantry, or as it once was called in English, the larder?
WORSHIP THE HOUSEHOLD GODS
LARES
PENATES
Whom did Octavian defeat at the Battle of Actium?
Bonus: What is the accepted year that marks the beginning of the Roman Empire?
MARC ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
27 BC
I am the brother of Dido, and I murdered her husband. In mythology I share my name with Galatea’s husband. Who am I?
PYGMALION
