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Immunology > Molecular Basis of Ag Recognition > Flashcards

Molecular Basis of Ag Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Which receptor can only recognize peptides presented by APC?

A

TCR

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2
Q

What are the subunits of BCR?

A

IgAlpha and IgBeta

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3
Q

What kind of antigen can be recognized by BCR?

A

lipids, proteins, carbs= Macromolecules

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4
Q

Effector function of BCR

A

Fc region of Ab

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5
Q

One one of the VLCL and VhCh alleles are expressed in single B cell what is this process called?

A

allelic exclusion; also governs expression of TCR

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6
Q

How are variable regions of receptors determined?

A

rearrangement of DNA

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7
Q

3 mechanisms of creating epitope-specific diversity?

A

Somatic recombination, mRNA splicing, and junctional diversity

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8
Q

What initiates TCR or BCR rearrangement?

A

somatic recombination: includes deletion and reannealing

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9
Q

name of genes that encode enzymes performing recombination of BCR and TCR during process of VDJ recombination

A

RAG 1 and RAG 2= recombination-activating genes 1 and 2

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10
Q

during what stages are expression of RAG genes restricted to?

A

developmental stages of B and T lymphocytes

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11
Q

How many gene segments does heavy chain have in chromosome 14?

A

4: VDJC; multiple copies of each so as to create variance

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12
Q

BCR recombination sequence of events

A
  1. D & J chosen; extra DNA deleted
  2. V segment chosen; extra deleted
  3. J chosen; DNA between VDJ and C deleted
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13
Q

Name for producing rearrangement that does not contain stop codons

A

productive rearrangement

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14
Q

Once productive rearrangement is confirmed what happens?

A

recombination of other gene is stopped

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15
Q

If Vh rearrangement is productive then what occurs with B cell?

A

proliferates and “takes care” of VL

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16
Q

how many tests of productive rearrangement occur?

A

2

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17
Q

Where is junctional diversity generated?

A

points between joining genes

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18
Q

Where are P nucleotides derived from?

A

asymmetric opening of hairpin loops

19
Q

How does junctional diversity result?

A

loss of nucleotides (exonucleases) and addition of N and P nucleotides

20
Q

What aids addition of N nucleotides?

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

21
Q

TCR gene rearrangement

A

slide 20, 21

22
Q

Omenn syndrome results as a defect in what?

A

autosomal, missense mutation, partial rag1/2 activity

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Omenn syndrome?

A

lack of b cells, marked decrease in T cell count, severe immune deficiency with failure to thrive, diarrhea, red rush

24
Q

SCID results as a defect in what?

A

autosomal, null mutation in rag1/2 genes, no enzymatic activities

25
Q

Symptoms of SCID?

A

total lack of T and B cells, defect in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

26
Q

Name for lack of reaction?

A

anergy

27
Q

T cell needs what 2 things for activation

A

MHC binding and co-stimulator binding

28
Q

binding of co-stimulator only has what effect on t cell?

A

none

29
Q

binding of MHC only has what effect on t cell?

A

anergy

30
Q

Activated APCs express high levels of?

A

MHCII and co-stimulatory molecules B7-1(CD 80) and B7-2(CD 86)

31
Q

What does protein B7 on APC interact with on T cells?

A

CD28

32
Q

Close contact between T cell and APC? what does it help ensure?

A

Immunological Synapse; ensures effector molecules (cytokines) are not affecting bystander cells

33
Q

3 pairs of molecules that interact in immunological synapse?

A

TCR/MHC-peptide
Co-stimulator B7 and CD 28
Adhesion LFA-1/ICAM-1

34
Q

T Cell accessory molecules

A

slide 27

35
Q

Plasma cells are mostly found where?

A

in lymphoid organs

36
Q

B cells act as what to T cells?

A

Pro-APCs

37
Q

What is the coreceptor for BCR?

A

CD 19; can be used as specific marker of B cells

38
Q

What are the two mechanism of B cell activation:

A

Thymus independent and dependent

39
Q

TD Ags activate B cells with assistance of what?

A

T helper cells

40
Q

Steps of TD activation of B cells:

A
  1. Antigen binding to BCR
  2. Helper Th2 cell signal thru CD40 ligand and cytokines
  3. B cell proliferates and differentiates
41
Q

How do BCRs bind to TI Ags?

A

repetitive epitopes on bacterium multiple BCRs bind= cross-linking= generates signal

42
Q

What transduces signal from BCR to inside cell?

A

IgAlpha and IgBeta

43
Q

What process must the signaling molecules undergo in TI Ags recognition

A

enzymes attached to the cytoplasmic portion of IgAlpha and IgBeta catalyze phosphorylation

Immunology (13 decks)

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