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Immunology > Activation of Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Activation of Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of pro-APCs that use class II MHC?

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, b cells

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2
Q

What do DCs present to?

A

naive T cells

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3
Q

What do macrophages present to?

A

activated (effector) T cells

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4
Q

What do B cells present to?

A

activated (effector) T cells

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5
Q

Non-professional APCs are what kinds of cells?

A

all other nucleated cells; use MHC I

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6
Q

How many MHC genes does each individual have?

A

6

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7
Q

HLA genes are highly polymorphic and have what kind of expression?

A

codominant

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8
Q

MHC molecules have what 3 domains?

A

peptide-binding, constant domain, and transmembrane domain

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9
Q

What superfamily do MHC molecules belong to?

A

immunoglobulin

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10
Q

Peptides that are presented within MHC I are approximately how many AAs long?

A

8-11

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11
Q

What are the 3 major MHC I genes?

A

HLA-A, B, and C

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12
Q

What kind of interaction do protein Ags have with MHC class I?

A

non-covalent

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13
Q

What is the main purpose for MHC class I?

A

to present endogenously processed peptides for CD8 T CELLS

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14
Q

Each MHC class I HLA binds to what other molecule?

A

beta-2 microglobulin

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15
Q

“Endogenous” can also include what?

A

proteins encoded by viruses and intracellular pathogens

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16
Q

what proteins help to transport proteins into the ER for transfer to MHC I?

A

TAP1/2

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17
Q

Class II MHC present antigens to which cells?

A

CD4 helper T cells

18
Q

Peptides presented on Class II MHC are how many amino acids long?

A

13-25

19
Q

The processed peptide interacts with what two domains of the MHC Class II?

A

alpha 1 and beta 1

20
Q

Extracellular antigens are taken up by professional APCs through what 3 processes?

A

phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis

21
Q

What two chains make up MHC II?

A

alpha and beta

22
Q

Where is MHC II loaded with antigens?

A

endosomes

23
Q

Where does the invariant chain sit?

A

in the grove of MHC II while in ER; prevents from binding to own proteins

24
Q

How is the invariant chain removed?

A

protein CLIP removed by HLA-DM

25
Q

CD8 binds to what domain of MHC class I?

A

Alpha 3

26
Q

CD4 binds to what domain of MHC class II?

A

Beta 2

27
Q

What process is defined as “Ags taken up from outside can be presented by class I MHC”?

A

cross-presentation

28
Q

What cells have a specialized capacity to process exogenous antigens into the MHC I pathway?

A

Professional APCs

29
Q

What does cross-presentation help to provide the immune system with?

A

generating immunity to intracellular pathogens like viruses

30
Q

How do APCs solve the dilemma of an ingested virus-infected cell?

A

In order for viral proteins to be presented APCs “leak” exogenous Ags into cytoplasm where they are processed and cross-presented within MHC I

31
Q

What are the 2 surface Igs for BCR?

A

IgM and IgD

32
Q

What are the two main Igs associated with BCR?

A

Igalpha and Ig-beta

33
Q

BCRs can recognize which kind of Ags?

A

lipids, crabs, proteins, DNA

34
Q

What is the ID marker for all T cells?

A

CD3

35
Q

Most TCRs are composed of which 2 chains?

A

alpha and beta

36
Q

gamma/delta T cells are a major T cell population in what tissue?

A

epithelial

37
Q

gamma/delta T cells are directly activated by?

A

PAMPs

38
Q

gamma/delta T cells are believed to have a prominent role in?

A

recognition of lipid antigens

39
Q

Professional APCs are special cells can express?

A

high level of both MHC and co-stimulatory molecules

40
Q

An activated B cell is transformed into?

A

plasma cell that secrete Abs

41
Q

Where are plasma cells found?

A

lymphoid organs

Immunology (13 decks)

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