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Cytokines as Messenger System Flashcards

1
Q

slide 11: cytokines regulate host responses to?

A

infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma

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2
Q

All pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 18 and TNF-alpha

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3
Q

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are dependent on what transcription?

A

NF-kB

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4
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-10, TGF-Beta

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5
Q

major pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

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6
Q

Blocking TNF and IL-1 have been successful in patients with?

A

RA, IBS, or graft vs. host disease

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7
Q

TNF and IL-1 reduced by what 3 strategies?

A

neutralizing antibodies, soluble receptors, receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Blocking of TNF and IL-1 has not been successful in patients with..?

A

sepsis

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9
Q

administration of TNF and IL1 will produce..?

A

fever, systemic inflammation, shock and death

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10
Q

TNF/IL-1 effects on fibroblasts

A

proliferation, increased collagen synthesis; leads to repair

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11
Q

Systemic effects of IL-1, TNF?

A

Fever, WBC, increase acute phase proteins, decreased appetite, increased sleep-> systemic inflammation

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12
Q

TNF/IL-1 effect on vascular endothelium?

A

increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, production of IL-1 and chemokines, increase procoagulant and decreased anticoagulant activity

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13
Q

TNF/IL-1 effects on leukocytes?

A

activation, production of cytokines

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14
Q

TNF is primarily produced by?

A

macrophages (alpha) and lymphocytes (beta), neutrophils, and NK cells

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15
Q

Most potent inducer of TNF?

A

endotoxin

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16
Q

Primary mediator of septic shock?

A

TNF

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17
Q

TNF induces endothelial cells to produce which adhesion molecules?

A

ICAM 1, VCAM 1, and E-selectin

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18
Q

What effect does TNF have on neutrophils?

A

activator, mediates adherence, chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst

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19
Q

2 receptors TNF binds to?

A

TNFR p75 (receptor I) and TNFR p55 (receptor II)

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20
Q

What effect does TNF have on cancerous cells?

A

antitumor immunity through direct cytotoxic effects (apoptosis)

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21
Q

IL-1 is produced by which cells?

A

2 main: macrophages and monocytes; neutrophils, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and others

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22
Q

IL-1 upregulates expression of which adhesion molecules?

A

ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin

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23
Q

IL-1 interacts with CNS to produce…?

A

fever, lethargy, sleep, and anorexia

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24
Q

IL-1 stimulates synthesis of..?

A

acute-phase proteins

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25
IL-1 can be neutralized by?
IL-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)
26
Although IL-1 shares many activities with TNF, only IL-1 can produce?
IL-2 by proliferation of CD4 T lymphocytes
27
IL-6 is produced by..?
mononuclear phagocytic cells
28
IL-6 is most important inducer of?
acute phase proteins
29
IL-6 shares activity with IL-1, inducing fever (pyrexia), but which is more important for induction of fever?
IL-1
30
IL-6 stimulates differentiation of B cells into?
mature plasma cells, producing Abs
31
Which cytokine has primary role in Th17 immune deviation?
IL-6
32
IL-8 is primarily produced by... in response to?
macrophages in response to inflammatory stimulus
33
IL-8 is involved in activation of?
neutrophils
34
IL-8 is not a chemotactic for?
monocytes, but is to neutrophils
35
IL-12 is derived from?
2 important: DCs, mononuclear phagocytic cells; b cells, pmns, mast cells
36
IL-12 controls cell-mediated immunity via activation of
Th1 cells
37
IL-12 stimulates production of which cytokine and what does it produce?
IFN-gamma; activates and induces proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production of NK cells
38
IL-12 synergies with which cytokine to stimulate IFN-gamma release?
IL-18
39
IL-12 is a heterodimer made of which 2 subunits?
IL-12p40 and IL-12p35
40
IL-15 is primarily produced by?
mononuclear phagocytic cells; additional sources: fibroblasts and epithelial cells
41
Similar to IL-2, IL-15 is a growth factor for?
T-cells
42
IL-15 is a chemotactic factor for?
T lymphocytes
43
IL-15 is important for survival of...?
CD8 memory T cells
44
IFN-gamma is primarily made by which cells?
Th1 T cells and NK cells
45
iFN-gamma is critical for many aspects of...?
innate and adaptive immunity
46
IFN-gamma is most important cytokine for cell-mediated immunity by orchestrating...?
immune response to intracellular pathogens
47
iFN-gamma is major activator of intracellular killing of pathogens by... stimulating..?
macrophages; phagocytosis, secretion, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production
48
Which two cytokines synergize to activate macrophages and NK cells?
IL-12 and IFN-gamma
49
IFN-gamma stimulates expression of which adhesion molecule?
ICAM-1
50
IFN-gamma inhibits allergies by suppressing?
IL-4 mediated effects
51
IFN-gamma stimulates killing by?
NK cells and neutrophils
52
IFN-gamma increases expression of...? and stimulates...?
MHC I and II; antigen presentation and cytokine production by APCs
53
Unlike type I interferon alpha and beta; IFN-gamma has only modest.... activity?
antiviral
54
Major anti-inflammatory cytokines?
IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist
55
Anti-inflammatory cytokines act..?
in concert with other inhibitors to regulate human immune response
56
IL-10 is primarily produced by
macrophages, B cells, and Treg cells
57
IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes?
IL-1beta, 6, 8, 12, and TNF-alpha
58
IL-10 inhibits expression of what by APCs?
MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD 80 and CD86
59
IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by Th1 lymphocytes?
IFN-gamma and TNF-beta
60
IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by Th2 lymphocytes?
IL-4 and IL-5
61
IL-10 is important for maintenance of...?
tolerance to environmental allergens
62
TGF-beta has what unique characteristic?
is most pleiotrophic cytokine; has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of numerous cells
63
TGF-beta is mainly produced by?
macrophages and Treg cells
64
TGF-beta stimulates...? promoting...?
fibrosis; wound healing/scar formation
65
TGF-beta inhibits?
macrophages and NK cells
66
TGF-beta is central to differentiation of?
Th17 lymphocytes
67
Principal action of IL-2?
survival, proliferation, and differentiation of effector and regulatory T cells
68
Principal action of IL-4?
B cell switching to IgE
69
Principal action of IL-5
activation of eosinophils
70
Principal action of IFN-gamma?
activation of macrophages
71
Principal action of IL-17
stimulation of acute inflammation?
72
Principal action of TGF-B
inhibition of T cell activation; differentiation of regulatory T cells
73
Cellular sources of IL-2?
CD4+ and CD8 t cells
74
Cellular sources of IL-4?
CD4 t cells, mast cells
75
Cellular sources of IL-5
CD4 t cells, mast cells
76
Cellular sources of INF-gamma?
CD4, CD8, and NK cells
77
Cellular sources of IL-17?
CD4 and other cells
78
Cellular sources of TGF-b
CD 4 t cells; many other cell types
79
Transcription factor for Th1 cells?
T-bet
80
Transcription factor for Th2 cells?
GATA-3
81
Transcription factor for Th17 cells?
RORgammaT
82
Transcription factor for T regulatory cells?
FOXP3
83
Add slides 34 and 36
okay, I will
84
Naive T cells express low-affinity receptor?
IL-2 receptor complex
85
IL-2 receptor complex is made up of?
beta and gamma C chains
86
Once naive T cell is activated by antigen and costimulated cells produce... and express...?
produce IL-2 and express alpha chain of IL-2R forming high affinity IL-2 receptor
87
Binding of IL-2 to receptor initiates proliferation of...?
T cells that recognized the antigen

Immunology (13 decks)

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