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Immunology > Cytokines as Messenger System > Flashcards

Cytokines as Messenger System Flashcards

1
Q

slide 11: cytokines regulate host responses to?

A

infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma

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2
Q

All pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 18 and TNF-alpha

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3
Q

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are dependent on what transcription?

A

NF-kB

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4
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-10, TGF-Beta

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5
Q

major pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

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6
Q

Blocking TNF and IL-1 have been successful in patients with?

A

RA, IBS, or graft vs. host disease

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7
Q

TNF and IL-1 reduced by what 3 strategies?

A

neutralizing antibodies, soluble receptors, receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Blocking of TNF and IL-1 has not been successful in patients with..?

A

sepsis

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9
Q

administration of TNF and IL1 will produce..?

A

fever, systemic inflammation, shock and death

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10
Q

TNF/IL-1 effects on fibroblasts

A

proliferation, increased collagen synthesis; leads to repair

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11
Q

Systemic effects of IL-1, TNF?

A

Fever, WBC, increase acute phase proteins, decreased appetite, increased sleep-> systemic inflammation

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12
Q

TNF/IL-1 effect on vascular endothelium?

A

increase expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, production of IL-1 and chemokines, increase procoagulant and decreased anticoagulant activity

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13
Q

TNF/IL-1 effects on leukocytes?

A

activation, production of cytokines

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14
Q

TNF is primarily produced by?

A

macrophages (alpha) and lymphocytes (beta), neutrophils, and NK cells

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15
Q

Most potent inducer of TNF?

A

endotoxin

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16
Q

Primary mediator of septic shock?

A

TNF

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17
Q

TNF induces endothelial cells to produce which adhesion molecules?

A

ICAM 1, VCAM 1, and E-selectin

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18
Q

What effect does TNF have on neutrophils?

A

activator, mediates adherence, chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst

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19
Q

2 receptors TNF binds to?

A

TNFR p75 (receptor I) and TNFR p55 (receptor II)

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20
Q

What effect does TNF have on cancerous cells?

A

antitumor immunity through direct cytotoxic effects (apoptosis)

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21
Q

IL-1 is produced by which cells?

A

2 main: macrophages and monocytes; neutrophils, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and others

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22
Q

IL-1 upregulates expression of which adhesion molecules?

A

ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin

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23
Q

IL-1 interacts with CNS to produce…?

A

fever, lethargy, sleep, and anorexia

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24
Q

IL-1 stimulates synthesis of..?

A

acute-phase proteins

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25
Q

IL-1 can be neutralized by?

A

IL-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)

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26
Q

Although IL-1 shares many activities with TNF, only IL-1 can produce?

A

IL-2 by proliferation of CD4 T lymphocytes

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27
Q

IL-6 is produced by..?

A

mononuclear phagocytic cells

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28
Q

IL-6 is most important inducer of?

A

acute phase proteins

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29
Q

IL-6 shares activity with IL-1, inducing fever (pyrexia), but which is more important for induction of fever?

A

IL-1

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30
Q

IL-6 stimulates differentiation of B cells into?

A

mature plasma cells, producing Abs

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31
Q

Which cytokine has primary role in Th17 immune deviation?

A

IL-6

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32
Q

IL-8 is primarily produced by… in response to?

A

macrophages in response to inflammatory stimulus

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33
Q

IL-8 is involved in activation of?

A

neutrophils

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34
Q

IL-8 is not a chemotactic for?

A

monocytes, but is to neutrophils

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35
Q

IL-12 is derived from?

A

2 important: DCs, mononuclear phagocytic cells; b cells, pmns, mast cells

36
Q

IL-12 controls cell-mediated immunity via activation of

A

Th1 cells

37
Q

IL-12 stimulates production of which cytokine and what does it produce?

A

IFN-gamma; activates and induces proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production of NK cells

38
Q

IL-12 synergies with which cytokine to stimulate IFN-gamma release?

A

IL-18

39
Q

IL-12 is a heterodimer made of which 2 subunits?

A

IL-12p40 and IL-12p35

40
Q

IL-15 is primarily produced by?

A

mononuclear phagocytic cells; additional sources: fibroblasts and epithelial cells

41
Q

Similar to IL-2, IL-15 is a growth factor for?

A

T-cells

42
Q

IL-15 is a chemotactic factor for?

A

T lymphocytes

43
Q

IL-15 is important for survival of…?

A

CD8 memory T cells

44
Q

IFN-gamma is primarily made by which cells?

A

Th1 T cells and NK cells

45
Q

iFN-gamma is critical for many aspects of…?

A

innate and adaptive immunity

46
Q

IFN-gamma is most important cytokine for cell-mediated immunity by orchestrating…?

A

immune response to intracellular pathogens

47
Q

iFN-gamma is major activator of intracellular killing of pathogens by… stimulating..?

A

macrophages; phagocytosis, secretion, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production

48
Q

Which two cytokines synergize to activate macrophages and NK cells?

A

IL-12 and IFN-gamma

49
Q

IFN-gamma stimulates expression of which adhesion molecule?

A

ICAM-1

50
Q

IFN-gamma inhibits allergies by suppressing?

A

IL-4 mediated effects

51
Q

IFN-gamma stimulates killing by?

A

NK cells and neutrophils

52
Q

IFN-gamma increases expression of…? and stimulates…?

A

MHC I and II; antigen presentation and cytokine production by APCs

53
Q

Unlike type I interferon alpha and beta; IFN-gamma has only modest…. activity?

A

antiviral

54
Q

Major anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist

55
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines act..?

A

in concert with other inhibitors to regulate human immune response

56
Q

IL-10 is primarily produced by

A

macrophages, B cells, and Treg cells

57
Q

IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes?

A

IL-1beta, 6, 8, 12, and TNF-alpha

58
Q

IL-10 inhibits expression of what by APCs?

A

MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD 80 and CD86

59
Q

IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by Th1 lymphocytes?

A

IFN-gamma and TNF-beta

60
Q

IL-10 inhibits production of which cytokines by Th2 lymphocytes?

A

IL-4 and IL-5

61
Q

IL-10 is important for maintenance of…?

A

tolerance to environmental allergens

62
Q

TGF-beta has what unique characteristic?

A

is most pleiotrophic cytokine; has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of numerous cells

63
Q

TGF-beta is mainly produced by?

A

macrophages and Treg cells

64
Q

TGF-beta stimulates…? promoting…?

A

fibrosis; wound healing/scar formation

65
Q

TGF-beta inhibits?

A

macrophages and NK cells

66
Q

TGF-beta is central to differentiation of?

A

Th17 lymphocytes

67
Q

Principal action of IL-2?

A

survival, proliferation, and differentiation of effector and regulatory T cells

68
Q

Principal action of IL-4?

A

B cell switching to IgE

69
Q

Principal action of IL-5

A

activation of eosinophils

70
Q

Principal action of IFN-gamma?

A

activation of macrophages

71
Q

Principal action of IL-17

A

stimulation of acute inflammation?

72
Q

Principal action of TGF-B

A

inhibition of T cell activation; differentiation of regulatory T cells

73
Q

Cellular sources of IL-2?

A

CD4+ and CD8 t cells

74
Q

Cellular sources of IL-4?

A

CD4 t cells, mast cells

75
Q

Cellular sources of IL-5

A

CD4 t cells, mast cells

76
Q

Cellular sources of INF-gamma?

A

CD4, CD8, and NK cells

77
Q

Cellular sources of IL-17?

A

CD4 and other cells

78
Q

Cellular sources of TGF-b

A

CD 4 t cells; many other cell types

79
Q

Transcription factor for Th1 cells?

A

T-bet

80
Q

Transcription factor for Th2 cells?

A

GATA-3

81
Q

Transcription factor for Th17 cells?

A

RORgammaT

82
Q

Transcription factor for T regulatory cells?

A

FOXP3

83
Q

Add slides 34 and 36

A

okay, I will

84
Q

Naive T cells express low-affinity receptor?

A

IL-2 receptor complex

85
Q

IL-2 receptor complex is made up of?

A

beta and gamma C chains

86
Q

Once naive T cell is activated by antigen and costimulated cells produce… and express…?

A

produce IL-2 and express alpha chain of IL-2R forming high affinity IL-2 receptor

87
Q

Binding of IL-2 to receptor initiates proliferation of…?

A

T cells that recognized the antigen

Immunology (13 decks)

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