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MYCOVIRO > MOLBIO LEC > Flashcards

MOLBIO LEC Flashcards

1
Q

The term “molecular biologyˮ was coined by him in recognition of the importance of new physical and structural chemical approaches to biology

A

WARREN WEAVER

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2
Q

work on transmission of inheritable traits –Law of Aggregation & Law of Independent Assortment

– Father of Modern Genetics

A

GREGOR MENDEL

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3
Q

discovery of “nucleinˮ a new molecule from the cell nucleus and believed that proteins were the molecules of heredity, in 1869.

A

FRIEDEICH MIESCHER

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4
Q

studying two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that varied dramatically in both their appearance and their virulence. Specifically, the highly virulent S strain had a smooth capsule (polysaccharide), while the nonvirulent R strain lacked a capsule.

A

FREDERICK GRIFFITH

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5
Q

found that mice inoculated with either the heat-killed virulent bacteria or the living avirulent bacteria remained free of infection, but mice inoculated with a mixture of both became infected and died.

A

FREDERICK GRIFFITH

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6
Q

hypothesized that a chemical component from the virulent S cells had somehow transformed the R cells into the more virulent S form

A

FREDERICK GRIFFITH

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7
Q

In1944, they used a process of elimination to identify the transforming principle

A

OSWALD AVERY
COLIN MCLEOD
MACLYNN MCCARTY

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8
Q

Conclusion: Transformation cannot occur unless DNA is present. Therefore, DNA must be the hereditary material.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

prove that DNA is the transforming principle and not protein using series of experiments involving T2 bacteriophages.

A

ALFRED HERSHEY AND MARTHA CHASE

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10
Q

are viruses that infect bacteria T2 bacteriophage infects E. coli) and widely used for studying genetic transmission.

A

Bacteriophages

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11
Q

consists
both of protein and DNA
which can be selectively
incorporated by radioactive
bacterial infection. 32-phosphate for DNA and 35-sulfur for protein).

A

T2 bacteriophage

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12
Q

The elucidation of the double helical nature of DNA must be attributed to the contributions of key scientists

A

MEISHER
LEVENE
CHARGAFF

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13
Q

ROSALIND FRANKLIN
RAYMOND GOSLING

A

X-ray crystallography

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14
Q

discover the order of the three major components of a single nucleotide (phosphate-sugar-base)

discover the carbohydrate component of RNA (ribose)

discover the carbohydrate component of DNA (deoxyribose)
● first to correctly identify the way RNA and DNA molecules are put together

A

PHOEBUS LEVENE

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15
Q

the nucleotide composition of DNA
varies among species

almost all DNA-no matter what
organism or tissue type it comes from maintains certain properties even composition varies (“Chargaff Rulesˮ)

A

ERWIN CHARGAFF

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16
Q

was offered a 3-year research scholarship to help set-up and improve the X-ray Crystallography unit at Kingʼs College.

A

ROSALIND FRANKLIN

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17
Q

they were able to generate two sets of high-resolution photos of crystallized DNA fibers

A

RAYMOND GOSLING

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18
Q

Franklin deduced that basic dimensions of DNA strands, and that the phosphates were on the outside, probably hinting like a helical structure.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

contributed to Watson and Crickʼs derivation of the 3-dimensional, double helical model of the structure of DNA.

A

ROSALIND FRANKLIN
RAYMOND GOSLING
MAURICE WILKINS

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20
Q

unsung hero of the double helix who recruited Franklin

A

JOHN RANDALL

21
Q

provided experimental proof of semiconservative replication by inventing “density gradient centrifugationˮ – which uses centrifugal force to separate molecules based on densities.

A

MATTHEW MESELSON
FRANKLIN STAHL

22
Q

In 1958, he enunciated the concept of “Central Dogma of Molecular Biologyˮ based on their findings of DNA structure

A

FRANCIS CRICK

23
Q

he utilized fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, as model organisms to study the interaction and hereditary process between the gene and the chromosomes.

The first person to link the inheritance of a specific trait with a particular chromosome Chromosome theory)

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

24
Q

he studied the hereditary characteristics of fruit flies, and in 1927, discovered that the number of genetic mutations observed in fruit flies increased when exposed to x-rays.

A

HERMANN J. MULLER

25
Q

he studied the hereditary characteristics of fruit flies, and in 1927, discovered that the number of genetic mutations observed in fruit flies increased when exposed to x-rays.

A

HERMANN J. MULLER

26
Q

he studied the hereditary characteristics of fruit flies, and in 1927, discovered that the number of genetic mutations observed in fruit flies increased when exposed to x-rays.

A

HERMANN J. MULLER

27
Q

her maize breeding experiments provided the first detailed description of transposable elements (transposons)

These mobile elements are referred to as “jumping genesˮ.

A

BARBARA MCCLINTOCK

28
Q

he isolated and discovered DNA polymerase I and showed that life can be made in a test tube

A

ARTHUR KORNBERG

29
Q

they shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine – Kornberg for enzymatic synthesis of DNA and ________ for enzymatic synthesis or RNA.

A

SEVERO OCHOA

30
Q

they hypothesized the existence of an intermediary between DNA and its protein products called messenger RNA.

also discovered bacterial operons which are protein-binding regulatory sequences.

A

FRANCOIS JACOB
ANDREW LWOFF
JACQUES MONOD

31
Q

group of scientists who first unlocked the genetic code in 1963 and 1966.

A

MARSHALL NIRENBERG
HAR GOBIND KHORANA
PHILIO LEDER
HEINRICH MATTHAEI

32
Q

he finished and has trained organic chemistry as profession but his interests in living things led him to discover the transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

ROBERT HOLLEY

33
Q

restriction endonucleases technology in 1969, 1970

A

MANS

MESELSON
WERNER ABSER
DANIEL NATHANS
HAMILTON SMITH

34
Q

● they developed Recombinant DNA technology and pioneered research on gene manipulations

A

BCB

PAUL BERG
STANLEY COHEN
HERBERT BOYER

35
Q

DNA sequencing

A

FREDERICK SANGER

36
Q

discovery of reverse transcriptase enzyme and study tumor virus activity

A

DAVID BALTIMORE
RENATO DULBECO
HOWARD TEMIN

37
Q

phylogenetic taxonomy of 16s rRNA resulting to the “tree of lifeˮ.
● He discovered the third domain of life, the archaea.

A

CARL WOESE

38
Q

In 1977, the Maxam Gilbert DNA sequencing was introduced
● In 1978, Gilbert proposes existence of introns and exons
● In 1986, he proposes the RNA world as the origins of life

A

WALTER GILBERT
ALLAN MAXAM

39
Q

Nucleic acid protein complexes

A

Aaron Klug

40
Q

RNA as enzymes ribozymes

A

THOMAS CECH
SIDNEY ALTMAN

41
Q

spearheaded the Human
Genome Project – a 13-year international effort to discover the 20,000 to 25,000 human genes and uncover the sequence of the 3 billion DNA subunits contained in human chromosomes

A

JAMES WATSON

42
Q

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT YEAR

A

2001

43
Q

KNOCKOUT MICE TECHNIQUE

A

MARIO CAPECCHI
MARTIN EVANS
OLIVER SMITHIES

44
Q

PCR

A

KARY MULLIS

45
Q

1996

DOLLY THE SHEEP

A

KEITH CAMPBELL
IAN WILMUT

46
Q

RNA INTERFERENCE

A

CRAIG MELLO
ANDREW FIRE

47
Q

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE RIBOSOME

A

THOMAS STEITZ

48
Q

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
mechanism

A

EMMANUELLE
CHARPENTIEE
JENNIFER ANNE
DOUDNA

MYCOVIRO (4 decks)

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