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MYCOVIRO > HISTOPATH LAB CLEARING > Flashcards

HISTOPATH LAB CLEARING Flashcards

1
Q

Colorless.
● Most commonly used.
● Used for clearing, both for
embedding and mounting
procedures.
● Generally suitable for routine
histologic processing schedules
of less than 24 hours and when
tissue block is less than 5 mm in
thickness.

A

XYLENE
XYLOL

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2
Q

May be used as substitute for
xylene or benzene for clearing
both during embedding and
mounting processes.

A

TOLUENE

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3
Q

Preferred by some in the
embedding process because it
penetrates and clears tissues
rapidly.

A

BENZENE

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4
Q

Most rapid clearing agent.
● Makes tissues transparent.
● Miscible with absolute alcohol
and paraffin.
● Does not extract out aniline
dyes.
● For mounting procedures.
● During embedding and
impregnation (evaporates
quickly in paraffin oven)
● Cheap

A

XYLENE

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5
Q

Acts fairly rapidly–
recommended for routine
purposes.

● Does not make tissues excessively hard and brittle if
left for 24 hours

● Slower than xylene and
benzene.

A

TOLUENE

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6
Q

Rapid acting.
● Volatilizes rapidly in a paraffin
oven.
● Does not make tissues hard and
brittle.
● Causes minimum shrinkage.
● Makes tissues transparent

A

BENZENE

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7
Q

Clearing time: ½
(30mins.)-1 hour

A

XYLENE

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8
Q

Clearing time: 1-2 hours

A

TOLUENE

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9
Q

Shorter clearing time.

A

BENZENE

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10
Q

When used for clearing in
embedding process, slower than
xylene.

● Causes less brittleness.
● Can be used for thicker tissue
blocks (up to 1cm).

● Tissues do not become
translucent.

A

CHLOROFORM

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11
Q

Used to clear both paraffin and
celloidin sections during the
embedding process.

● Especially recommended for CNS tissues and cytological studies.

● Requires two changes in clearing
solution.

A

CEDARWOOD OIL

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12
Q

Not normally utilized as a routine clearing agent.

● Recommended for clearing
embryos, insects, and very
delicate specimens.

A

ANILINE OIL

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13
Q

For routine work.(6-24 hours)
○ Chloroform first
before xylene!

A

CHLOROFORM

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14
Q

Miscible with absolute alcohol.
● Causes minimum shrinkage-
for tough tissues (e.g.skin,
dibroid, decalcified tissues) for
nervous tissues, lymph nodes
and embryos.

● For large tissue specimens.

● Not inflammable.

A

CHLOROFORM

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15
Q

Toxic to the liver after
prolonged inhalation.

Does not make tissues
transparent.

A

CHLOROFORM

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16
Q

Not very volatile in paraffin
oven.

● Vapor may attack rubber seal
used in vacuum impregnating
bath.

● Complete clearing is difficult
to evaluate

A

CHLOROFORM

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17
Q

Tissues tend to float in
chloroform.

● Evaporates quickly from a
water bath.

A

CHLOROFORM

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18
Q

Tissues may be left indefinitely
without causing considerable
damage and distortion

A

CEDARWOOD OIL

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19
Q

Makes tissues transparent.
● Improves cutting of sections.

A

CEDRAWOOD

20
Q

Very penetrating.
● Miscible with 96% alcohol
which it removes readily.
● Clears celloidin in 5-6 days.
● Causes minimal shrinkage and
hardening.

A

CEDARWOOD

21
Q

Extremely slow.
● Hard to be eliminated from
tissues in paraffin bath.

A

CEDARWOOD

22
Q

Quality not always uniform
and good.

A

CEDRAWOOD

23
Q

becomes milky
upon prolonged storage.

previously
used to clear acetic-alcohol
fixed tissues may produce
crystals.

Very expensive.

A

CEDRAWOOD

24
Q

Clearing time: 2-3 days

A

CEDARWOOD

25
Q

Not normally utilized as a routine
clearing agent.

Recommended for clearing
embryos, insects, and very
delicate specimens.

A

ANILINE OIL

26
Q

Causes minimum shrinkage.

Quality not guaranteed–
tendency to become
adulterated.

Wax impregnation is slow and
difficult.

A

CLOVE OIL

27
Q

Tissues become brittle, aniline
dyes removed, celloidin is
dissolved.
● Expensive.

Unsuitable for routine
clearing purposes.

A

CLOVE OIL

28
Q

Used in clearing tissues for
embedding.
● Properties similar to chloroform.

Produces considerable tissue
hardening.

A

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

29
Q

Highly toxic-dangerous to
inhale on prolonged exposure.

A

CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE

30
Q

Slow-acting clearing agents.

Can be used when double
embedding techniques are
required.

A

METHYL BENZOATE
METHYL SALICYLATE

31
Q

Ability to perform two processes
at the same time.

Non-toxic but has an offensive
color.

A

TETRAHYDROFURAN

32
Q

Tissues may be embedded with
paraffin within 4 hours

Causes greater shrinkage than
xylene does

Toxic to human especially to
the liver.

A

DIOXANE

33
Q

Tissues may be embedded with
paraffin within 4 hours

Causes greater shrinkage than
xylene does

Toxic to human especially to
the liver.

A

DIOXANE

34
Q

isoprene polymers found
in essential oils originally derived
from plants,

A

TERPENES

35
Q

volatile oil found in citrus
peels which goes by several trade
names.

⟶ It is a natural oil found in the
skins of citrus fruits, such as
lemons or oranges, and in
cooking is usually referred to as
lemon or orange zest.

A

LIMONENE

36
Q

Offer the clearing action with
the lowest hazard rating of all
xylene alternatives.
⟶ It is excellent for preserving
fine tissue structure, and can
often be used in place of xylene
with no alteration of protocol

A

ORANGE OIL BASED

37
Q

Can be effective solvents, but
they are considered toxic
chemicals, posing serious health
risks.

A

CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS

38
Q

efficient substitute for
xylene, as it is non- hazardous,
less expensive and causes less
shrinkage of the tissue. It can be used as a dealcoholization agent

A

COCONUT OIL

39
Q

Gives good tissues, sections
and histological slides.
⟶ Nontoxic, nonhazardous,
nonflammable, biodegradable,
economic, easy to handle, and
readily available.

A

BLEACHED PALM OIL

40
Q

not suitable for nervous tissues and lymph nodes

A

XYLENE

41
Q

Acidifies in a partially filled
vessel.
● Highly conc. solutions will
emit fumes that are toxic upon
prolonged exposure.
● More expensive.

A

TOLUENE

42
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA

A

BENZENE

43
Q

6-24 HOURS

A

CHLOROFORM

44
Q

MAKES TISSUE EXCESSIVELY HARD IF USED OVER 3 HOURS

A

XYLENE

45
Q

does not make tissues excessiveley hard and brittle if left for 24 hrs

A

TOLUENE

MYCOVIRO (10 decks)

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