DNA VIRUSES MYCOVIRO LEC Flashcards
Double stranded DNA
● With single stranded region
● Causes diseases related to liver
● can cause cancer (Hepatocarcinoma)
HEPADNAVIRIDAE
Genus: Orthohepadnavirus
● causes Hepatitis B
HEPATITIS B VIRUS
With DANE particle siya lang may ganto
HEPA B
– surface antigen –outer membrane for
screening
HBsAg
core antigen – surrounds the DNA
HBcAg
– components of the core antigen
(envelope antigens)
HBeAg
Sexual contact
● Blood transfusion
● Inoculation of contaminated secretions
HEPADNA
present in acute & chronic infection
HBsAg
indicates recovery or immunity
Anti-HBS
present in acute (<6 months) infectio
Anti-HBc IgM
previous or ongoing infection
Anti-HBc–
HBeAg– virus is replicating/ high levels
Anti-HBe– indicates lower level of HBV
TRUE
Double stranded DNA
● Causes lytic infection and latent infection
● Remain in WBC & peripheral nerves
HERPESVIRIDAE
Simplexvirus
Oral Herpes– Gingivostomatitis
HSV Encephalitis (adult)
Ocular Herpes– Keratoconjunctivitis
HSV 1
Treatment: Acyclovir
Transmission: Salivary (Oral)
HSV 1
Genital Herpes
○ Neonatal Herpes
○ HSV Encephalitis (neonates)
HSV 2
Contact with contaminated secretions
● Skin to skin contact
● Transmission between discordant partners
HERPES SIMPLEX 2
Electron Microscope
● PCR
● Pap’s Smear
● Dark Fluorescence Microscopy
● Indirect Fluorescence
● Culture
HERPES V 2
Varicellovirus
Chickenpox- auto Varicella Zoster ang tawag
Shingles (recurrent form) - Herpes Zoster
VZV OR HHV3
Droplet inhalation or respiratory droplets
● Direct contact with infectious lesions
VZV OR HHV3
Tzanck Smear
○ vesicles are used
○ multinucleated giant cells are seen in
microscopy
○ can be seen in regular microscope
VZV OR HHV 3
Genus: Lymphocryptovirus
● causes: Infectious Mononucleosis (Kissing disease)
● Produce tumors
● Associated with Burkitt’s Lymphoma and other B-cell Lymphoma
EBV OR HHV4
Hematology – differential smear
Immunology:
○ Heterophil Antibody test
○ Monospot test
○ EBV Specific Antibody test
EBV OR HHV 4
Viral capsid antigen
ANTI VCA
Early antigen
○ can persist up until 6 months
Anti-EA IgG
○ diffused
○ disappear after 6 minths
Anti-EA/D
○ restricted
○ persists up until 2 years
Anti-EA/R
EBV nuclear antigen
ANTI- EBNA
Genus: Cytomegalovirus
● Formerly “Salivary gland” virus
○ Salivary Gland Cancer
CMV OR HHV 5
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Pneumonia (in immunosuppressed pts)
Similar to mononucleosis
Remain latent in WBC, endothelial organs
CMV O HHV5
Sexual contact
● Transplacental
● Blood transfusion
CMV OR HHV5
Microscopy –
● Shell vial culture
● Serologic tests
● PCR
“Owl’s eyes” appearance
CMV OR HHV 5
Genus: Roseolovirus
causes
○ Exanthem subitum or Roseola infantum or
6th disease
INFECT T CELLS
HHV6
Inhalation
Respiratory droplets
PCR
Isolated thru T-cell culture
HHV6
Genus: Rhadinovirus
○ common in AIDS patients
HHV 8
causes
○ Kaposi sarcoma in the Thoracic Cavity
● Transmission: Sexual contact
● Diagnosis: PCR
● Cannot be recovered in cell culture
HHV 8
Double stranded DNA
● Replicate in cytoplasm
POXVIRIDAE
Largest and most complex of all virus
● Brick or ovoid shape
● Produces skin lesions
POXVIRIDAE
Genus: Orthopoxvirus
● Causes: Smallpox
● First virus to be eradicated
Transmission: Inhalation of respiratory droplets, Saliva
VARIOLA OR SMALLPOX
Genus: Orthopoxvirus
● Non-pathogenic to man
● Used in the development of smallpox vaccine
VACCINIA
Genus: Molluscipoxvirus
● Cause: small pink warts (benign tumors in skin);
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS
Transmission: Direct contact, use of contaminated
fomites
● Diagnosis: Excisional biopsy, PCR
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS
Genus: Orthopoxvirus
● Zoonotic infection (cows)
○ when farmers milk cows, they can get this
infection
● Transmission: Touching udder of infected cow
(animal to man)
COWPOX
Orthopoxvirus
● Zoonotic infection (monkeys, rodents)
Transmission: Direct inoculation, contact with
contaminated blood
Gambian rats
MONKEYPOX
Diagnosis: PCR
○ Signs & Symptoms: Lymphadenopathy in the
axillary area
Treatment: supportive
○ Lesions appear in 2-3 weeks(14-21 days)
isolation period
MONKEYPOX
VARIOLA OR SMALL POX
VACCINIA
COWPOX
MONKEY POX
ORTHOPOXVIRUS
Genus: Parapoxvirus
● Zoonotic infection (goats, sheep)
○ occupational disease of sheep farmers
● arms, forearms, fingers
ORF VIRUS
Causes: Orf or contagiosum pustular dermatitis
Transmission: Direct inoculation or contact with
contaminated equipment in broken skin
ORF VIRUS
Single stranded linear DNA
● Very small naked virus
● smallest DNA virus on Earth
PARVOVIRIDAE
DEFECTIVE
NON-DEFECTIVE
PARVOVIRIDAE
Genus: Erythrovirus
Causes: Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
slapped cheek appearance
● Transmission: Respiratory droplets, blood borne
● Diagnosis: PCR
B19
Genus: Bocavirus
Causes: variety of upper and lower respiratory tract
illness
● common in children (wheezing sound)
● Transmission: Respiratory droplets
● Diagnosis: PCR
HBoV
Double stranded DNA
● Causes warts and condylomas in man
● one of the 7 cancer viruses
● 150 serotypes
● Viral cause of tumor in man
PAPILLO
Causes: Condyloma acuminate
HPV
40- sexually transmitted
● Most common STD
● Transmission: Sexual contact, skin to skin
● Diagnosis: Pap’s smea
HPV
PLANTAR AND WARTS
HPV1
2 and 4: Skin
HPV 2 AND 4
Anogenital (Anal Cancer)
HPV 6
16 and 18 Genital: Cervical Cancer
HPV 16 and 18
Double stranded DNA
14 species are known to infect humans
● very common and typically asymptomatic in most
human populations studied
○ also a cancer virus
POLYO
Kidneys of transplant patients
First isolated in urine of immunosuppressed kidney
tissue transplant patient
POLYOMA V 1
BK VIRUS
In encephalopathy
○ Can cause brain tumors
First isolated from patient with progressive multifocal encephalopathy
○ can cause brain tumours
● John Cunningham
● Causes disease in AIDS patients
HUMAN POLYO 2
JC VIRUS
Isolated in the nasopharyngeal
secretions (usually in kids)
Discovered in 2007 in samples of human respiratory
secretions
Named after Karolinska Institute (site of collection)
HUMAN POLYO 3
KI VIRUS
Discovered in 2007 in samples of human respiratory
secretions
● Named after Washington University
○ Isolated in nasopharyngeal secretions
○ Persist in kidney and lymphoid tissues
HUMAN POLYO 4
WU VIRUS
Genus: Orthopolyomavirus
● Cause: Merkel cell cancer (a form of skin cancer)
● one of the seven human oncoviruses
MERKELL CELL VIRUS
HUMAN POLYO 8
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa virus(8)
HUMAN POLYO 10
MW VIRUS MALAWI
HUMAN POLYO 11
STL VIRUS (11)- ST LOUIS
Now Jersey virus (13)
HUMAN POLYO 13
Double stranded linear DNA
● 51 serotypes
● Replicate in nucleus
ADENOVIRIDAE
Genus: Mastadenovirus
● cause of common cold
● Cause: upper respiratory diseases
○ Pharyngitis
○ Conjunctivitis
○ pneumonia
● Causes cancer in animals
○ Ex. Rodents
ADENOVIRUS
Single stranded DNA positive sense
● Newly discovered genus
● Anello – RING (circular genome)
ANELLOVIRIDAE
Genus: Alphatorquevirus
● Reported in Japanese patient in 1997
● Extremely common even in healthy individuals
● Transmission: Blood transfusion, sexual contact,
saliva droplets
○ Hepatitis of unknown cause
TTV OR TORQUE TENO VIRUS
Genus: Alphatorquevirus
● Reported in Japanese patient in 1997
● Extremely common even in healthy individuals
● Transmission: Blood transfusion, sexual contact,
saliva droplets
○ Hepatitis of unknown cause
TTV OR TORQUE TENO VIRUS
SINGLE STRANDED
ANELLO
PARVO
