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MYCOVIRO > GLOSSARY > Flashcards

GLOSSARY Flashcards

1
Q

hyphae that grows above or outward from the surface of an agar medium or substrate; the visible colony

A

aerial hyphae

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2
Q

Gelatinous substance used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms

A

Agar

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3
Q

Gelatinous substance used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms

A

Agar

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4
Q

polysaccharide from seaweed extract Genera Gelidium and Gracilaria) that consists of alternating BD-galactose and 3, 6-anhydro-L-galactose units of agarobiose. It is used popularly as a medium for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. In general, the higher its concentration the smaller the pore size. Concentration ranges from 0.5% - 2%

A

Agarose

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5
Q

asexual (imperfect) state or form of a fungus.

A

Anamorph

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6
Q

this a step in PCR when the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to a given DNA template.

A

Annealing

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7
Q

Temp of annealing

A

50-56

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8
Q

fungus that preferentially grows on human rather than animals or the soil. A dermatophyte where human/people is the primary reservoir

A

Anthropophilic

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9
Q

conidium released by fragmentation or by separation that occurs at the septum of cells of hypha.

A

arthroconidium

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10
Q

fruiting body within which asci form

A

ascocarp

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11
Q

saclike cells where ascospores develop

A

ascus

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12
Q

hypha without crosswalls

A

aseptate

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13
Q

antimicrobial that can kill a microorganism

A

bactericidal

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14
Q

a virus that infects bacterial cells

A

Bacteriophage

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15
Q

An arrangement observed in Aspergillus spp. where a secondary phialide develops from a primary phialide, forming two series of phialides.

A

Biseriate

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16
Q

conidia formed by budding process along a hypha, pseudhypha, or in a single cell, as seen in yeasts.

A

Blastoconidia

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17
Q

nutrient-rich medium used to isolate fastidious fungi

A

Brain heart infusion

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18
Q

concentration of an antimicrobial that defines if the particular microbial species is susceptible or resistant to the antimicrobial.

A

breakpoint

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19
Q

liquid medium containing nutrients used to grow microorganisms

A

Broth

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20
Q

type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts. An oval shaped “pushed outˮ or outgrowth from parent cell

A

Bud

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21
Q

colorless dye that binds to chitin and cellulose of fungi that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light

A

Calcofluor white

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22
Q

proteinaceous coat that protects the viral genome

A

Capsid

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23
Q

hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering the cell body of certain yeasts

A

Capsule

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24
Q

Also known as chlamydospores, there are enlarged, thick walled round conidia. These conidia can be present at the end of the hypha (terminal), on the sides (sessile) or in between the hypha (intercalary)

A

chlamydoconidia

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25
Q

swollen, thick-walled resistant spore that do not reproduce

A

chlamydospore

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26
Q

club-shaped

A

Clavate

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27
Q

hyphal structures without septa

A

coenocytic

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28
Q

remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore

A

Collarette

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29
Q

growth of an organism in a host without causing infection or tissue invasion

A

Colonization

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30
Q

distinct characteristics of a microbial colony that are visibly observed on the surface of a nutrient medium

A

Colony morphology

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31
Q

sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.

A

columella (pl. columellae) -

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32
Q

serologic procedure used to determine complement fixing antibody to fungal antigens

A

complement fixation

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33
Q

pertains to a type of growth on the agar surface wherein it is continuous, uniform, and the colonies are not discrete or separated; there should be no individual colonies growing on the surface.

A

confluent -

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34
Q

cell that gives rise to a conidium.

A

conidiogenous cell -

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35
Q

reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction.

A

conidium (pl. conidia)

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36
Q

specialized hypha that gives rise to or bears a conidium.

A

conidiophore

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37
Q

method of propagating microorganisms by supporting their growth using culture media and controlled environmental conditions

A

cultivation

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38
Q

distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection

A

cytopathic effect

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39
Q

Distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection

A

cytopathic effect

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40
Q

an infection of cutaneous tissue (hair, skin, and nails) caused by the keratinophilic fungi other than those of the dermatophytes

A

Dermatomycosis

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41
Q

a fungi that invades the keratinized part of the hair, nail, and skin.

A

dermatophyte

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42
Q

a fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall.

A

dematiaceous

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43
Q

this initial stage in PCR allows separation of the double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exists between the nucleotide base pairs

A

Denaturation

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44
Q

Temp ranges from 94-95

A

Denaturation

45
Q

fungi having two morphologic form under different growth conditions

A

Dimorphic

46
Q

elimination or reduction of microorganisms that may cause disease.

A

disinfection

47
Q

mou molecular weight size-marker, this is a set of predetermined DNA fragment sizes from where unknown bands are compared to identify the approximate size and concentration of a DNA fragment after running gel electrophoresis.

A

DNA LADDER

48
Q

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), they represent the essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules that are necessary components of PCR mixes during amplification. Four known types of dNTP are recognized, each with a unique DNA base: adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (dGTP), and thymine (dTTP).

A

dNTPs

49
Q

disease which occurs in a limited geographic area.

A

endemic

50
Q

3,8- Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium, is a non-radioactive but carcinogenic DNA stain. Distinct red-orange fluorescence under UV light suggests the presence of ds-DNA.

A

ethidium bromide EtBr

51
Q

agent causing the infection or disease

A

etiologic agent

52
Q

this is a step in PCR when the temperature is increased and the new DNA strand is formed through the action of Taq polymerase. Temperature is usually set at 72°C.

A

extension

53
Q

a property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria

A

filterable

54
Q

property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria

A

filterable

55
Q

cottony or wooly. Type of texture formed by large quantities of aerial hyphae usually arranged in a tangled manner.

A

floccose

56
Q

aka 5’ primers, these are PCR primers that are complementary to the anti-sense strand of ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 5’ end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the antisense strand or negative strand of the double-stranded DNA which runs from 3’ to 5’ direction. Antisense strand or the coding strand serves as the template strand for the synthesis of mRNA.

A

forward primer

57
Q

presence of fungi in the blood. The most common agent of fungemia is Candida albicans

A

fungemia

58
Q

capable of inhibiting the growth of fungi

A

fungicidal

59
Q

capable of inhibiting the growth of fungi

A

fungicidal

60
Q

refers to the range of different inherited
traits within a species

A

genetic diversity

61
Q

Soil-seeking, earth-loving. A dermatophyte having soil as its primary reservoir.

A

geophilic

62
Q

Soil-seeking, earth-loving. A dermatophyte having soil as its primary reservoir.

A

geophilic

63
Q

an elongated or tube-like structure that emerges from a spore, with no constriction at the point of origin. The presence of germ tubes can be used to presumptively identify the presence of Candida albicans.

A

germ tube

64
Q

an elongated or tube-like structure that emerges from a spore, with no constriction at the point of origin. The presence of germ tubes can be used to presumptively identify the presence of Candida albicans.

A

germ tube

65
Q

biological agents that can potentially cause harm to humans and animals when exposed.

A

hazards

66
Q

adherence of red blood cells on a virally infected cell culture.

A

hemadsorption

67
Q

an acronym for High Efficiency Particulate Air) a mechanical filter that is capable of trapping and removing particles and microorganisms from the air.

A

HEPA

68
Q

a member of the human Herpesviridae family that can cause oral and genital infections.

A

HSV

69
Q

microscopic structures are clear or colorless.

A

hyaline

70
Q

vegetative filament of a fungus.

A

hypha (pl. hyphae)

71
Q

serologic test based on precipitation reaction to determine the presence of antibody to fungal antigen by double diffusion technique in gel medium.

A

immunodiffusion

72
Q

refers to a personʼs complete set of chromosomes.

A

karyotype

73
Q

simple serologic procedure wherein the antibody formed following a fungal disease is detected through the clumping of antigen coated particles.

A

latex agglutination

74
Q

commercially available or laboratory prepared solutions used to standardize the approximate amount of bacteria or fungi in a liquid suspension

A

McFarland standard

75
Q

a.k.a. candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by a yeast, Candida albicans.

A

moniliasis

76
Q

fungal colonies composed of hyphae.

A

mould or mold

77
Q

like a wall; multicellular, with both transverse and longitudinal septations.

A

muriform

78
Q

colony with hyphae that do not produce conidia or spores

A

mycelia sterilia

79
Q

mass of hyphae making up a fungus colony.

A

mycelium

80
Q

pertaining to fungi

A

mycotic

81
Q

clear zone of lysis due to successive infection of host cells by a virus

A

plaque

82
Q

presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that happen among different individuals or populations. SNP or single nucleotide polymorphism is the most common type.

A

polymorphisms

83
Q

general purpose basal medium made from potato infusion and dextrose used to isolate yeasts and molds

A

potato dextose agar

84
Q

set of media inoculated from the specimen

A

primary culture

85
Q

referring to the surface

A

obverse

86
Q

place where the fungus is found in nature.

A

reservoir

87
Q

the microbe is able to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

A

resistant

88
Q

the microbe is able to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

A

RESISTANT

89
Q

aka 3’ primers, these primers are complementary to the sense or the (+) strand of the ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 3’ end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the sense strand or positive strand of the double-stranded DNA, which runs from 5’ to 3’ direction. The sense strand is complementary to the template strand and therefore, it is known as the anticoding strand.

A

REVERSE PRIMER

90
Q

rootlike structures that anchors the fungus to the substrate and also utilized in the absorption

A

rhizoids

91
Q

culture medium primarily used for fungal cultivation and isolation of dermatophytes

A

saboraud dextrose agar

92
Q

an organism which requires organic material as a source of energy.

A

saprobe

93
Q

the ability to detect all patients with a specific disease.

A

sensitivity

94
Q

having cross walls or partitions.

A

septate

95
Q

reproductive propagule produced internally by “free cellˮ formation, as in the ascomycete, i.e., complete spores formed all at once around the nuclei available or by “progressive cleavage” as in a sporangium.

A

spore

96
Q

destruction of all life forms, including the bacterial spores.

A

sterilization

97
Q

horizontal hypha from which hyphae, rhizoids or sporangiophore develop.

A

stolon

98
Q

material on which the fungus is growing.

A

substrate

99
Q

or also known as sensitive. The microbe is unable
to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial.

A

susceptible

100
Q

thermostable DNA polymerase used during PCR amplification. It can withstand high temperatures without being denatured. It is extremely heat resistant with a half-life of 40 minutes at 95°C. It is derived from a heat tolerant bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. It is also abbreviated as Taq pol.

A

taq polymerase

101
Q

used to preserve the integrity of the specimen from the time of collection up to the laboratory processing

A

transport medium

102
Q

equipment used to visualize target DNAs and proteins by emitting high levels of ultraviolet rays through the viewing surface

A

UV transilluminator

103
Q

human herpes virus that can cause the highly contagious chickenpox.

A

VZV

104
Q

capable of inactivating or destroy viruses

A

virucidal

105
Q

predominantly a unicellular fungus, usually round or
ovoid, that reproduces by budding.

A

yeast

106
Q

culture medium that is useful for yeast identification made from peptone and yeast extract

A

yeast fermentation broth -

107
Q

culture medium that is useful for yeast identification made from peptone and yeast extract

A

yeast fermentation broth -

108
Q

a circular area surrounding the antibiotic disk showing no visible inoculum

A

zone of inhibition

109
Q

a circular area surrounding the antibiotic disk showing no visible inoculum

A

zone of inhibition

MYCOVIRO (4 decks)

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