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Medical Assistant > Module 8 - Phlebotomy > Flashcards

Module 8 - Phlebotomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Most fasting blood tests require a ___-hour fast

A

12

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2
Q

When having blood work for a lipid panel, how can eating a meal prior to having blood drawn affect blood test results?

A

the test values would detect fats from the food and the results would indicate elevated lipid levels.

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3
Q

What question is most appropriate in preparing a patient for phlebotomy?

A

Ask the patient how they have responded to blood draws previously.

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4
Q

What to do if you are unfamiliar with a laboratory test?

A

check the laboratory directory

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5
Q

Information included on the laboratory requisition form includes:

A
  • Ordering provider’s name and contact information
  • Test and test code (unique to each lab, usually on the requisition or in the laboratory reference manual)
  • Diagnosis code that correlates with the tests being ordered (ICD-10)
  • Special specimen requirements, such as fasting
  • Patient demographics
  • Insurance or other billing information
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6
Q

What is the typical gauge and needle length of Vacutainer needles

A

gauge: 20-22
length: 3/4in - 1 1/2in

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7
Q

The butterfly/wing infusion set is best used for what type of patients?

A

best used for patients who have small or fragile veins.

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8
Q

What is the typical gauge and needle length of butterfly needles

A

gauge: 21-23
length: 1/2in - 3/4in

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9
Q

What is the typical gauge of a needle syringe system?

A

16-gauge

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10
Q

Most commonly used system in adults

A

evacuated needle system

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11
Q

four main components of blood

A

plasma, RBC, WBC and platelets

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12
Q

Serum

A

​​​​​​​The liquid portion of the blood obtained after a serum sample tube has clotted and centrifuged.

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13
Q

Plasma

A

liquid portion of the blood obtained after centrifuging

  • must be collected in a tube containing anticoagulan
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14
Q

three layers after the sample has been centrifuged

A

plasma (top layer), buffy coat (middle layer), and red blood cells (bottom layer). ​​​​​​​

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15
Q

Clotted Blood

A

obtained when blood is drawn in a tube that does not contain an anticoagulant. ​​​​​​​

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16
Q

Whole Blood

A

obtained when a tube is used with an anticoagulant, which inhibits blood clotting.

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17
Q

Which components of blood is responsible for preventing excessive blood loss when a vessel is damaged?

A

platelets

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18
Q

Yellow tube

additive
laboratory use

A

A: Sodium polyanethol sulfonate; prevents clotting and stabilizes bacterial growth
L: Blood or body fluid cultures

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19
Q

Light blue

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

A: Sodium citrate; removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting
L: coagulation testing
#: 3-4

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20
Q

Red

additive
laboratory use
# of inversions

A

A: none
L: Serum test; chemistry studies; blood bank; immunology
#: 5

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21
Q

of inversions

Red/gray marbled

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

A: No anticoagulant but contains silica particles to enhance clot formation
L: Serum test; chemistry studies; immunology
#: 5

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22
Q

of inversions

green

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

A: Heparin: inhibits thrombin formation to prevent clotting
L: Chemistry Test
#: 8

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23
Q

Green/Gray marble

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

A: Lithium heparin and gel; for plasma separation
L: Plasma determinations in chemistry studies
#: 8

24
Q

Lavender

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

: 8

A: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting

L:Hematology test

25
Q

Gray

additive
laboratory use
Number of inversions

A

: 8 to 10

A: Potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride; removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting; fluoride inhibits glycolysis

L: Chemistry testing, especially glucose and alcohol levels

26
Q

Order of blood draw:

lavender, red/gray marbled, green/gray marbled, red, light blue, gray, yellow, green

A
  1. yellow
  2. light blue
  3. red
  4. red/gray marbled
  5. green
  6. greend/gray marbled
  7. lavender
  8. gray
27
Q

Which veins have a higher risk of rolling

A

cephalic vein and basilic veins

28
Q

Blood draws from the foot should only be performed under the supervision of a provider due to the risk of what.

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

29
Q

When only a small amount of blood is needed from a patient with limited options for draw site which type of needle is best?

A

needle syringe system

30
Q

When drawing from the hand or small/thin veins in the antecubital space which type of needle is best?

A

butterfly needle

31
Q

A tourniquet should be applied to the patient’s arm how many inches above the draw site

A

3-4

32
Q

Leaving the tourniquet on longer than 1 min can cause …

A

hemoconcentration and alter test results.

33
Q

The MA is preparing to perform phlebotomy and is assessing the patient for site selection. Based on the findings below, which of the following sites would be the best choice for vein selection?

a
The basilic vein—found to bounce when palpated

b
The right median cubital vein—the patient has had a unilateral mastectomy on the right side

c
The cephalic vein—found to be highly visible; difficult to palpate

d
The hand—the patient shared that they are extremely sensitive to the pain of blood draws

A

A

34
Q

appropriate technique when cleansing the venipuncture site with an antiseptic wipe

A

Upward and downward motions with friction

35
Q

When drawing from the patient’s hand, the correct angle of insertion is

A

10 to 15 degrees

36
Q

When drawing from the patient’s antecubital space, the correct angle of insertion is

A

15- to 30-degree

37
Q

where should the vein be anchored on the patient?

A

2 to 3 inches below the puncture site

38
Q

When are capillary punctures done?

A

performed when only a small amount of blood is needed for testing or when immediate results can be acquired.

39
Q

The preferred puncture site for obtaining a capillary puncture in adults and children is

A

the middle or ring finger of the nondominant hand

40
Q

Infant capillary puncture are performed where?

A

on the outer edge of the underside of the heel.

41
Q

order of draw for capillary blood collection

A
  • Blood gases
  • EDTA tubes
  • Other additive tubes
  • Serum tubes
42
Q

How long should patients leave the bandage in place after phlebotomy?

A

15 minutes

43
Q

Required info for labels for specimens

A

patient’s full name, date of birth, date and time of collection, and the MA’s initials

44
Q

Serum must be allowed to stand upright at room temperature for how long before being centrifuged?

A

30 to 45 min

45
Q

blood specimens should not be allowed to stand for longer than

A

1 hour

46
Q

Clotted blood must stand upright at room temperature for

A

30 to 45 min

47
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

Test process that evaluates glucose levels over time to assess for diabetes by measuring the body’s response to sugar.

48
Q

What should be worn when transferring blood into multiple test tubes?

A

Face and eye protection should always be worn when transferring blood into multiple test tubes

49
Q

Lavender Top Tube Common Test:

A
  • CBC (Complete Blood Count) / hematology tests
  • ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate);
  • Sickle Cell Screening
  • Malaria
  • Reticulocyte Count: if bone marrow is making the right amount of RBC when old ones die
50
Q

Light-Blue Top Tube Common Test

A
  • Thrombin Time (TT);
  • Prothrombin Time (PT)- evaluates the extrinsic; system of the coagulation cascade and monitors;
  • Factor assays,
  • INR
  • Bleeding Time (BT)
  • Coumadin therapy;
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT, PTT) - Evaluates the intrinsic system of the coagulation cascade and monitors Heparin therapy.
  • Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP)
  • D-Dimer; blood clotting condition
51
Q

Green Top Tube Common Test

A
  • ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin & STAT electrolytes.
  • Glu, K+, Na+, CO2 etc.
  • BHCG, TSH, TBil, DBil, NBil
  • ALT, ALP, ASK,
  • Creatinine (Crea), creatine kinase (CK)
52
Q

Gray Top Tube Common Test

A
  • Fasting blood sugar (FBS);
  • Glucose tolerance test (GTT);
  • Blood alcohol levels;
  • Lactic acid measurement.
53
Q

Red/Gray (Speckled) Top Tube Common Test

A

most chemistry test

54
Q

Red Top Tube Common Test

A

Serology test; blood bank (glass only)

  • serum tests
55
Q

Yellow Top Tube Common Test

A

used to collect specimens to be cultured for the presence of microorganisms.

Medical Assistant (15 decks)

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