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Medical Assistant > Module 3: Patient Intake and Vitals > Flashcards

Module 3: Patient Intake and Vitals Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medication reconciliation

A

Comparing the patient’s list of medications to the medical record as a safety measure to reduce the risk of improperly prescribing an incorrect or contraindicated prescription, including medication interactions and adverse reactions.

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2
Q

The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)

A

focuses on the patient’s frequency of depressed mood over two weeks.

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3
Q

What does the MA do if a patient reflects a positive response to depression in the PHQ-2?

A

proceed to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

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4
Q

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

A

questions to assess if the patient meets the criteria for a depressive disorder diagnosis.

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5
Q

white coat syndrome

A

anxiety related to seeing a health care provider for an evaluation

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6
Q

GAD-7 questionnaire

A

for general anxiety and used to screen patients for anxiety.

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7
Q

What is the difference bw the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

A

S: Measurement of force while the heart is contracting
D: Measurement of force while the heart is relaxing

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8
Q

What are the 5 phases of the korotkoff sounds?

A
  1. the first sound heard, systolic
  2. swishing sound as more blood flows through the artery
  3. **sharp tapping ** sounds are noted as more blood surges
  4. soft tapping sound which begins to muffle
  5. the final sound heard, diastolic
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9
Q

Using the wrong cuff size can impact the systolic and diastolic pressure up to

A

6.9 mm Hg

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10
Q

If a patient has their legs crossed while taking their blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure may be raised by

A

2 to 8 mm Hg

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11
Q

An increase in blood volume can ______ a person’s blood pressure, while a decrease in blood volume can ____ a person’s blood pressure.

A

a) increase
b) decrease

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12
Q

Expected BP for older than 12 years old

A

110-130 / 65-80

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13
Q

Expected BP for 6-12 years

A

100-120 / 60-75

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14
Q

Expected BP for 3-6 years

A

95-110 / 60-75

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15
Q

Expected BP for 1-3 years

A

90-105 / 55-70

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16
Q

Based on the stages of hypertension, what is a normal systolic and diastolic bp?

A

S: less than 120
D: less than 80

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17
Q

Based on the stages of hypertension, what is a elevated systolic and diastolic bp?

A

S: 120-129
D: less than 80

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18
Q

Based on the stages of hypertension, what is a stage 1 systolic and diastolic bp?

A

S: 130-139
d: 80-89

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19
Q

Based on the stages of hypertension, what is a stage 2 systolic and diastolic bp?

A

S: 140 or high
D: 90 or higher

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20
Q

Based on the stages of hypertension, what is the systolic and diastolic bp if emergency care is needed?

A

S: higher than 180
d: higher than 120

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21
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A
  • A drop in blood pressure during positional changes, when pt is moving from lying to sitting or from sitting to standing;
  • increase pulse rate
  • also known as postural hypotension.
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22
Q

How to take orthostatic vital signs?

A
  1. have pt lie for 5 mins
  2. measure bp and HR
  3. have pt stand for 1-3 min
  4. repeat bp and HR
  • An increased HR of at least 10 bpm and a decreased bp of at least 20 points between positions indicate orthostatic hypotension
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23
Q

What are the most common sites to palpate a pulse?

A
  • radial pulse
  • brachial pulse
  • carotid pulse
24
Q

HR range for adolescents and older

A

60-100

25
Q

HR range for 6-15 years

A

75-118

26
Q

HR range for 3-5 years

A

80-120

27
Q

HR range for 1-2 years

A

98-140

28
Q

HR range for 1-12 months

A

100-180

29
Q

Hyperventilation

A
  • fast/rapid breathing
  • caused by intense pain, anxiety and panic attacks
30
Q

Hyperpnea

A
  • excessively deep breathing
  • cause by extreme pain or anxiety
31
Q

dyspnea

A
  • difficult or painful breath
  • caused by COPD, pneumonia, asthma, high altitudes and physical exterion
32
Q

Orthopnea

A
  • difficulty breathing unless in the upright positiong
  • caused by congestive heart failure and COPD
33
Q

Wheezing

A
  • whistling sound during breathing
  • asthma
34
Q

Rales

A
  • small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds
  • fluid in air sacs and pneumonia
35
Q

Ronchi

A
  • large airway sounds
  • COPD, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia
36
Q

RR expected range for adolescents and older

A

12-20 bpm

37
Q

RR expected range for 6-15 years

A

18-25 bpm

38
Q

RR expected range for 3-5 years

A

20-28 bpm

39
Q

RR expected range for 1-2 years

A

22-37 bpm

40
Q

RR expected range for 1-12 months

A

30-53 bpm

41
Q

How to use a tympanic thermometer

A

insert it into the ear

42
Q

How to use an axillary thermometer

A

place in the armpit

43
Q

How to use a rectal temperature

A

insert in the rectum

44
Q

How to use a temporal artery scanner thermometer

A

moved across the forehead and behind the ear to produce a temperature reading

45
Q

Axillary temperature (Ax) is approximately 1° F (0.6° C) higher or lower than an oral reading

A

lower because axillary readings are not taken in an enclosed body cavity

46
Q

Tympanic, rectal, and temporal artery temperatures are approximately 1° F (0.6° C) higher or lower than oral readings.

A

higher

47
Q

Age-Related Temperature Norms for a newborn taken in the axillary

A

98.2 F

48
Q

Age-Related Temperature Norms for a 1 year old taken in tympanically

A

99.7 F

49
Q

Age-Related Temperature Norms for 6 years-adult taken in orally

A

98.6 F

50
Q

Age-Related Temperature Norms for 70+ years old taken in orally

A

96.8 F

51
Q

In addition to documenting the number for the pain level, which characteristics of the patient’s pain need to be documented?

A

Location
Duration
Characteristics
Onset

52
Q

What is the impact of Exertion (such as a long walk to the exam room) in vital sign measurements

A

Increased blood pressure

Increased heart rate

Lower oxygen levels

53
Q

What is the impact of illness in vital sign measurements

A

Increased temperature

54
Q

What is the impact of beta-blocker medication in vital sign measurements

A

Decreased blood pressure

Decreased heart rate

55
Q

What is the impact of age in vital sign measurements

A
  • Increased temperature fluctuation in young children (inability to regulate)
  • Decreased temperature in older adults (loss of insulation in the form of body fat)

Medical Assistant (7 decks)

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