Module 6 - Infection Control and Safety Flashcards
medical asepsis
Clean technique that includes frequent hand hygiene, proper use of gloves, cleaning and sterilizing medical equipment, and sanitizing surfaces
Varicella (chicken pox)
Direct or indirect contact from droplets or airborne secretions
Viral meningitis
Direct contact from respiratory secretions, and oral-fecal route
Bacterial meningitis
Direct contact from droplets from respiratory tract
Conjunctivitis
Direct or indirect contact with eye discharge or discharge from upper respiratory tract of infected patient
Rhinovirus
Direct or indirect contact from airborne or respiratory secretion droplets
Strep throat
Direct contact from respiratory secretions droplet
Pertussis (whooping cough) and influenza
Direct contact from respiratory secretion droplets
Normal flora
micro-organisms that live on or within the body without causing disease
responsible for synthesizing and excreting vitamins as well as preventing colonization of pathogens.
category 1 for job tasks
Tasks that have a chance of body fluids or blood spilling or splashing, or tasks that can cause exposure to blood or body fluids such as a minor surgical procedure
category 2 for job tasks
Tasks that do not usually involve chance of exposure, such as CPR; precautions must still be taken
category 3 for job tasks
Tasks that do not require any PPE, such as taking a patient’s vital signs
If a health care professional has a fever or feels sick Stay home and only return to work if the MA has been…
fever-free for at least 24 hours without the use of any fever-reducing medications.
Needle Safety and Prevention Act
requires the institution of safety measures in workplaces where there is an occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infections materials.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Agency that established a blood-borne pathogen standard to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to infectious disease
- needlesticks; cuts; or blood or bodily fluid coming into contact with the eyes, nose, mouth, or other non-intact skin
Universal precautions apply when in possible contact with
- Blood products
- Human tissue
- Body fluids: CSF, amniotic fluid and pleural fluid
- Any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood
- Vaginal secretions and semen
transmission-based precautions
Contact precautions: Transmission through direct and indirect touching;
Droplet precautions: Transmission by contact of secretions and usually occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes;
Airborne precautions: Transmission by infectious agents floating in the air, which can expose anyone around the patient;
Engineering Controls
Devices used to isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogen hazard from the workplace.
Workplace Controls
Practices in the workplace that reduce the chances of exposure by changing or mandating the way a task is performed.
Employers must provide regular training that covers the dangers of blood-borne pathogens, preventive practices, and post-exposure procedures how often?
initial hire and annually
goal of medical asepsis
reduce the number of pathogenic micro-organisms and prohibit their growth
Surgical asepsis
complete removal of all micro-organisms and must be used during invasive procedures.
When using soap and water, which of the following is the minimum amount of time that hands should be rubbed together?
15 seconds
What is the minimum alcohol content in an alcohol-based sanitizer that can be used in a health care setting?
60%
sanitization
reduces the number of micro-organisms to a safe level.
ultrasonic sanitization
- sound waves loosen the debris so the object is free from excess material going into the disinfection or sterilization phase
- Reduces the risk of potential sharps injury for the health care professional
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) required information
- Identification of product,
- hazard Identification,
- composition/ingredients
- First-aid measures
- fire-fighting measures
- accidental release measures
- handling and storage
- exposure controls/ppe
- physical and chemical properties
- stability and reactivity
- toxicological info
- nonmandatory content (ecologocial info etc.)
Low-level disinfection + example
kills most vegetative bacteria and some viruses and fungi.
Hydrogen peroxide
intermediate-level disinfection + example
kills vegetative bacteria and most viruses and fungi but does not kill spores.
Isopropyl alcohol
high-level disinfection + example
kills all micro-organisms except for a small number of bacterial spores.
Cidex OPA
To ensure all equipment is sterilized, the recommended temperature an autoclave must reach is between
250° and 270° F.
unwrapped items are sterilized for___ min and wrapped items for ___ min
20; 30
Lines on autoclave tape will turn what colour when sterilization is achieved.
black
Contents requiring sterilization must be submerged in the chemical bath for ____ hours with a closed lid
8
What two things need to be completed prior to sterilization?
Sanitization and disinfection
Biohazard waste bag
Items contaminated with blood/bodily fluids such as gloves, gauze, and dressings
Biohazard waste box
Items contaminated with blood/bodily fluids such as table covers and disposable gowns
exposure control plan needs to be updated how often?
annually
What is the chain of infection
I Remember Exiting Today Entering Home
I - Infectious organism
R - Reservoir
EXIT - Portal of Exit
T - mode of Transmission
ENTER - Portal of entry
HO - Host
