MODULE 8 IQ 4: Prevention

Question 1

education program: needle and syringe program

Answer 1

• provide sterile needles and syringes to people who inject drugs
• prevents blood-borne virus such as HIV/AIDs, hepatitis B and C
• do not condone drug us
• encourages safe disposal of needles and syringes

Question 2

needle and syringe program community benefits

Answer 2

• reduces incidence of sharing and re-using injecting equipment
• encourages safe disposal of needles and syringes
• drug treatment and education services to reduce drug-related harm
• cost effective as untreated HIV can cause AIDs and hepatitis C can cause liver damage

Question 3

needle and syringe program statistics

Answer 3

• reduced incidence of HIV by 34-70% and HCV by 15-43% during 2000-2010
• saved $70-200 million in healthcare costs and projected $340-950 million in future health care costs during 2000-2010.

Question 4

public health campaign: slip! slop! slap!

Answer 4

combat high rates of skin cancer in Australia
- achieved nationwide awareness
- educated the public about: how they can prevent skin cancer, how to detect early signs of skin cancer, recommended treatments for skin cancer

Question 5

slip! slop! slap! effectiveness

Answer 5

• melanoma in young people decreased by 5% each year from 1990-2010
• prevented more than 43 000 skin cancer and 1 400 skin cancer deaths in Victoria between 1988-2011

Question 6

haemophilia A

Answer 6

• inherited bleeding disorder when blood doesn’t clot properly
• spontaneous bleeding
• cannot produce factor VIII, essential protein required for blood to clot and stop bleeding.

Question 7

gene therapy: roctavian for haemophilia A

Answer 7

• based on virus which has been modified
• contains gene for factor VIII
• expected to carry the factor VIII gene into the liver cells, enabling them to produce the missing factor VIII

Question 8

benefits of roctavian

Answer 8

• patients were able to produce factor-VIII
• bleeding rates decreased by 85% in most patients who no longer needed factor-VIII replacement therapy

Question 9

negatives of roctavian

Answer 9

• hepatoxicity (liver damage), a common side effect
• headache, joint pain, nausea

Question 10

cost and future development of roctavian

Answer 10

• $64 000-$2.5 million/patient
• needs to assess long term effects + reduce common side effects
• lower cost so it is more accessible for patients of all demographics