MODULE 8 IQ 3: Epidemiology

Question 1

the 3 types of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis

Answer 1

integrated gene therapy, non-integrated gene therapy, RNA therapy

Question 2

integrated gene therapy

Answer 2

piece of DNA that contains correct version of the CFTR gene is delivered to an individual’s cell
- would become permanent
- only need a few times
- limited control over where the new copy of the CFTR gene will be integrated
- could be inserted into a part that contains some critical information

Question 3

non-integrated gene therapy

Answer 3

piece of DNA that contains correct version of the CFTR gene provided into individual’s cell, DNA remains separate
- may not get integrated, but correct CFTR protein can still be produced
- doesn’t disrupt genome
- risk of side effects like cancer is low
- needs to be used constantly

Question 4

RNA therapy

Answer 4

delivers correct copy of the RNA to the cell

Question 5

epidemiology definition

Answer 5

study of the prevalence of disease in a community and involves the collection and careful statistical analysis of large quantities of data from a large population to assist in identifying the cause of the disease

Question 6

descriptive epidemiological studies (case or clinical)

Answer 6

• do not have a comparison group
• all participants must have a particular disease or condition
• generating hypothesis which can be later assessed using analytical epidemiological studies
• geographical location, age, sex, occupation, socio-economic status

Question 7

analytical epidemiological studies

Answer 7

• examines how and why
• tests hypothesis formed in descriptive epidemiological study
• examine population, environment and the disease-causing agents

Question 8

different types of analytical epidemiological studies

Answer 8

cohort, case-control, cross-sectional

Question 9

cohort studies

Answer 9

• measures the exposure before the outcome
• 2 cohorts (1 has exposure and 1 without exposure)
• to see if this exposure causes a certain outcome

Question 10

case-control studies

Answer 10

• measures the outcome before the exposure
• 2 groups (1 has certain outcome and 1 doesn’t have outcome)
• identifying the different exposures that could have caused this outcome

Question 11

interventional epidemiological study (RCT)

Answer 11

• assessing whether a treatment/management strategy is effective or not
• beneficial as they allow causality to be determined

Question 12

what should a epidemiological study include

Answer 12

incidence of disease, number of affected people, number of cases, number of deaths
- age, sex, race, diet, geographical location, lifestyle, family history of disease

Question 13

benefits of epidemiological study

Answer 13

• uses statistics to provide a snapshot of a population’s disease, illness and disability
• identification of risk factors in disease
• determination of levels of disease impact at nation, regional and global levels