Module 8 Flashcards
Bacteria gone wild
What size are microbes?
1 mm or smaller diameter
What are some examples of microbes?
metazoan animals, protozoa, algae and fungi, bacteria, and viruses
Who disproved theory of spontaneous generation through maggots?
Francesco Reddi
Which two scientists established Microbiology as a Science?
Pasteur and Koch
Who proved germ theory and discovered the rabies vaccine?
Pasteur
Who discovered phagocytosis?
Metschnikoff
List Koch’s postulates
pathogens are found in cases of disease but not in healthy animals. Pathogens can be isolated and grown in culture. Cultured pathogen must cause disease when inoculated into an animal. Pathogen can be re-isolated from the inoculated animal and is the same pathogen
What are some of the exceptions to Koch’s postulates about culturing?
Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium leprae (and some other rickettsial and viral pathogens)
3 major classes of microbes
viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes
4 prokaryotic microbes
bacteria, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, chlamydiae
3 eukaryotic microbes
fungi, protozoans, and multicellular parasites
average onset age of CJD
68 years
average onset age of vCJD
28 years
Smallest and simplest of all microbes
viruses
what microbe is composed of DNA or RNA and a protein coat (and sometimes a lipoprotein envelope)
viruses
Which microbe is an obligate intracellular parasite?
viruses
unicellular organisms that do not have clearly defined nuclear membranes
prokaryotes
uni- and multicellular organisms with well defined nuclear membranes
eukaryotes
which microbe has nucleic acids and histones arranged into chromosomes?
eukaryotes
What comprises a fungal cell wall?
chitin, glucans, and mannans
What fungi have ergosterol in their membrane?
yeasts, filamentous molds (like mycelia), dimorphic fungi, and saphrophytes which use organic matter for energy
Eukaryotic organism that lives in or on another host and causes damage, and can be anything from a single cell to large multicellular worms
parasites
How are bacteria grouped?
based on morphological and biochemical/metabolic differences and immunologic and genetic characteristics
Order and chemicals used for a Gram stain
crystal violet (primary stain), iodine (mordant), alcohol (decolorizer), safranin (counter stain)