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Immunology and Microbiology > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

Transplants

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1
Q

What kind of B cells are necessary for vaccines to generate?

A

high affinity, isotype switched memory B cells

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2
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A

injection of preformed antibodies (like antivenom) and IVIG and transferred from mother to baby

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3
Q

examples of active immunity

A

immunity after infection or vaccination

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4
Q

Which immunization route generates both IgG and IgA antibodies?

A

mucosal route

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5
Q

Which kind of immunity is from a protective effector immune response and lymphocyte memory?

A

Active immunity

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6
Q

what type of T cell kills virally infected cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells/ CD8 T cells

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7
Q

these molecules bind a pathogen or toxin and prevent its interaction with a target cell

A

Neutralizing antibodies

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8
Q

When are neutralizing antibodies expecially important?

A

When the target cell is part of the CNS and could result in neuronal damage\

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9
Q

Which form of vaccine elicits a humoral AND cell mediated response and stimulates CD8+ and CD4+ T cells

A

live/attenuated vaccines

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10
Q

Which form of vaccine is best for immunocompromised individuals?

A

nonviable vaccines

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11
Q

Which form of vaccine stimulates humoral immunity (B cells and antibodies) and CD4+ T cells

A

nonviable vaccines

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12
Q

Which type of vaccine is made of capsular polysaccharides of certain bacteria?

A

Polysaccharide vaccines

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13
Q

Which type of vaccine is made of polysaccharide antigens conjugated to a protein?

A

Conjugate vaccine

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14
Q

Type of vaccine that creates T-dependent B cell activation

A

Conjugate vaccine

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15
Q

Most potent type of vaccine

A

live attenuated vaccines

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16
Q

Vaccine type that is genetically recombined

A

subunit/component vaccines

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17
Q

What kind of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine?

A

a subunit vaccine

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18
Q

substances that increase the immunogenicity of antigens

A

adjuvants

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19
Q

How do adjuvants increase immunogenicity?

A

prolonging antigen persistence at the injection site, induce inflammation at the injection site, enhance costimulatory signals to promote lymphocyte activation

20
Q

Commonly used adjuvant in the US

A

alum

21
Q

Example of adjuvant-containing vaccine

A

Dtap (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis)

22
Q

transplant between sites on the same person

A

autograft

23
Q

transplant between genetically identical individuals

A

isograft/syngenic graft

24
Q

transplant between unrelated individuals of the same species

A

allograft

25
Q

transplant between different species

A

xenograft

26
Q

Major alloantigen for most tissues

A

MHC I

27
Q

How long does an allograft rejection take to occur?

A

10-13 days due to cell-mediated responses

28
Q

4 paths to transplant rejection

A

hyperacute, acute (direct and indirect allorecognition) and chronic

29
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is similar to a hyperacute transplant rejection?

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

30
Q

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with pre-formed antibodies

A

hyperacute

31
Q

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with donor APCs activating recipient T cells

A

Direct allorecognition

32
Q

Which type of transplant rejection is associated with Recipient APCs activating their own T cells

A

indirect allorecognition

33
Q

Which type of transplant rejection is immune-complex mediated

A

chronic

34
Q

How to remember Direct allorecognition

A

3 D’s: Donor APCs (passenger Dendritic cells) stimulate alloreactive recipient T cells. Depletion of graft APCs prior to transplant will slow rejection

35
Q

What type of sensitivity and reaction is acute rejection?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity and Type II cytotoxic reaction

36
Q

type of rejection where anti-endothelial cell antibodies bind all tissues and cause rapid rejection

A

hyperacute

37
Q

Rejection caused by effector T cells responding to HLA differences between donor and recipient

A

Acute rejection

38
Q

What can prevent acute transplant rejection?

A

immune suppressive therapy

39
Q

Rejection caused primarily by type III hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgG bodies against HLA class I molecules of a graft

A

chronic transplant rejection

40
Q

Fibrosis, thickened endothelium, and vessel occlusion are long term effects of what?

A

chronic transplant rejection

41
Q

What type of cells are predominantly found in bone marrow transplants?

A

T cells

42
Q

Disorder resulting from an HLA mismatch

A

Graft vs Host disease (GVHD)

43
Q

What antigens are mismatched in GVHD

A

can be HLA, major, or minor histocompatibility complexes

44
Q

highly polymorphic proteins that bind peptide antigens and present them to T cells

A

major histocompatibility complexx (MHC class I aka HLA I and MHC class II aka HLA II)

45
Q

Which disease can occur after a bone marrow transplant

A

GVHD

Immunology and Microbiology (11 decks)

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