Module 7 Flashcards

Transplants

1
Q

What kind of B cells are necessary for vaccines to generate?

A

high affinity, isotype switched memory B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A

injection of preformed antibodies (like antivenom) and IVIG and transferred from mother to baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of active immunity

A

immunity after infection or vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which immunization route generates both IgG and IgA antibodies?

A

mucosal route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which kind of immunity is from a protective effector immune response and lymphocyte memory?

A

Active immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of T cell kills virally infected cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells/ CD8 T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

these molecules bind a pathogen or toxin and prevent its interaction with a target cell

A

Neutralizing antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are neutralizing antibodies expecially important?

A

When the target cell is part of the CNS and could result in neuronal damage\

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which form of vaccine elicits a humoral AND cell mediated response and stimulates CD8+ and CD4+ T cells

A

live/attenuated vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which form of vaccine is best for immunocompromised individuals?

A

nonviable vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which form of vaccine stimulates humoral immunity (B cells and antibodies) and CD4+ T cells

A

nonviable vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of vaccine is made of capsular polysaccharides of certain bacteria?

A

Polysaccharide vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of vaccine is made of polysaccharide antigens conjugated to a protein?

A

Conjugate vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type of vaccine that creates T-dependent B cell activation

A

Conjugate vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most potent type of vaccine

A

live attenuated vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vaccine type that is genetically recombined

A

subunit/component vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine?

A

a subunit vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

substances that increase the immunogenicity of antigens

A

adjuvants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do adjuvants increase immunogenicity?

A

prolonging antigen persistence at the injection site, induce inflammation at the injection site, enhance costimulatory signals to promote lymphocyte activation

20
Q

Commonly used adjuvant in the US

21
Q

Example of adjuvant-containing vaccine

A

Dtap (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis)

22
Q

transplant between sites on the same person

23
Q

transplant between genetically identical individuals

A

isograft/syngenic graft

24
Q

transplant between unrelated individuals of the same species

25
transplant between different species
xenograft
26
Major alloantigen for most tissues
MHC I
27
How long does an allograft rejection take to occur?
10-13 days due to cell-mediated responses
28
4 paths to transplant rejection
hyperacute, acute (direct and indirect allorecognition) and chronic
29
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is similar to a hyperacute transplant rejection?
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
30
Which type of transplant rejection is associated with pre-formed antibodies
hyperacute
31
Which type of transplant rejection is associated with donor APCs activating recipient T cells
Direct allorecognition
32
Which type of transplant rejection is associated with Recipient APCs activating their own T cells
indirect allorecognition
33
Which type of transplant rejection is immune-complex mediated
chronic
34
How to remember Direct allorecognition
3 D's: Donor APCs (passenger Dendritic cells) stimulate alloreactive recipient T cells. Depletion of graft APCs prior to transplant will slow rejection
35
What type of sensitivity and reaction is acute rejection?
Type IV hypersensitivity and Type II cytotoxic reaction
36
type of rejection where anti-endothelial cell antibodies bind all tissues and cause rapid rejection
hyperacute
37
Rejection caused by effector T cells responding to HLA differences between donor and recipient
Acute rejection
38
What can prevent acute transplant rejection?
immune suppressive therapy
39
Rejection caused primarily by type III hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgG bodies against HLA class I molecules of a graft
chronic transplant rejection
40
Fibrosis, thickened endothelium, and vessel occlusion are long term effects of what?
chronic transplant rejection
41
What type of cells are predominantly found in bone marrow transplants?
T cells
42
Disorder resulting from an HLA mismatch
Graft vs Host disease (GVHD)
43
What antigens are mismatched in GVHD
can be HLA, major, or minor histocompatibility complexes
44
highly polymorphic proteins that bind peptide antigens and present them to T cells
major histocompatibility complexx (MHC class I aka HLA I and MHC class II aka HLA II)
45
Which disease can occur after a bone marrow transplant
GVHD