Module 4

Question 1

lymphocytes that can differentiate into plasma cells

Answer 1

B cells

Question 2

How can B cell receptors bind antigens with high affinity?

Answer 2

B cell receptors continue to develop during repeated exposure to an antigen

Question 3

What happens in the negetive selection step of B cell development?

Answer 3

make sure there’s not self-binding and autoimmunity

Question 4

What happens in the positive selection step of B cell development?

Answer 4

The good non-self-binding B cells get moved to secondary lymphoid tissues to mature

Question 5

What are the names of the various cells in B cell stages of development? Starting with Stem Cells

Answer 5

Stem cell, early pro-B cell, late pro-B cell, large pre-B cell, small pre-B cell, immature B cell

Question 6

What do cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) do?

Answer 6

Connect stemm cells to bone marrow stromal cells

Question 7

Major cytokine in B cell development in bone marrow

Answer 7

IL-7

Question 8

What stage of B cell development does D-J rearranging occur?

Answer 8

early pro-B cell

Question 9

What stage of B cell development does V-DJ rearranging occur?

Answer 9

late pro-B cell

Question 10

Does heavy chain or light chain rearrangement occur first for B cells?

Answer 10

heavy chain

Question 11

What happens to a pro-B cell if neither the maternal nor paternal chromosomes give productive rearrangement?

Answer 11

apoptosis

Question 12

What ensures that B-cell receptors have a single specificity?

Answer 12

allelic exclusion

Question 13

What results from a productive chromosomal rearrangement?

Answer 13

mu heavy chain

Question 14

hallmark of a large pre-B cell

Answer 14

functional m chain

Question 15

VpreB and lambda5 combine to do what?

Answer 15

form a surrogate llight chain to test the quality of the m chain

Question 16

What stage of B cell development does light chain rearrangement occur?

Answer 16

pre-B cell

Question 17

Which light chain rearranges first?

Answer 17

Kappa then lambda

Question 18

Where do light chains assemble with the m chain to form membrane bound IgM?

Answer 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

signals for the removal of self-reactive B cells in the bone marrow

Answer 19

negative selection

Question 20

antigen that contains more than one epitope or more than one copy of the same epitope

Answer 20

multivalent antigen

Question 21

process of removing self-reactive B cells from the bone marrow

Answer 21

clonal deletion

Question 22

What happens to immature B cells that bind multivalent self-antigens?

Answer 22

undergo receptor editing to try and make it usable still

Question 23

Process of inducing rearrangement, apoptosis, or anergy of self-reactive immature B cells

Answer 23

central tolerance

Question 24

What happens to monovalent self-reactive B cells?

Answer 24

anergy

Question 25

3 steps of B cell activation signaling

Answer 25

1) binding of the B cell receptor to its specific antigen, 2) crosslinking the receptor, and 3) signaling by the B cell co-receptor

Question 26

What does crosslinking do in B cell activation?

Answer 26

signals the B cell to change gene expression in the nucleus

Question 27

Where do B-1 B cells develop?

Answer 27

omentum/peritoneal and pleural cavities

Question 28

Major immunoglobulin produced by B-1 cells

Answer 28

IgM

Question 29

What 4 things does thymus-dependent B-cell activation result in?

Answer 29

somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation, isotype switching, and immune memory

Question 30

what type of cell displays antigens in the primary follicle?

Answer 30

follicular dendritic cells

Question 31

Which antigens activate B cells through TLR signaling

Answer 31

TI-1 antigens

Question 32

Which antigens have repeated epitopes on their surface for crosslinking B cell receptors

Answer 32

TI-2 antigens

Question 33

Which type of B cells don't need T cell help for activation?

Answer 33

B1 B cells

Question 34

Which B cells use activation from T helper cells to produce high affinity memory or plasma cells?

Answer 34

B2 b cells

Question 35

process that allows IgA dimer to acquire a secretory component

Answer 35

transcytosis

Question 36

What antibody is released in response to parasitic infection?

Answer 36

IgE

Question 37

Where is dimeric IgA found?

Answer 37

mucosal secretions

Question 38

This receptor transports IgG from the bloodstream to the tissues

Answer 38

FcRn

Question 39

This receptor transports IgA across epithelia for transcytosis

Answer 39

PlgR (poly-Ig receptor)

Question 40

What causes mast cells to release their granules?

Answer 40

cross linking of IgE on the mast cell surfaces

Question 41

What kinds of infection can be prevented by neutralizing antibodies?

Answer 41

bacterial and viral

Question 42

Which antibodies neutralize toxins and venom?

Answer 42

IgG and IgA

Question 43

What about IgM enhances opsonization and helps activate classical complement

Answer 43

the pentameric shape

Question 44

How many molecules of IgG are needed to activate complement?

Answer 44

two or more

Question 45

Which receptor on erythrocytes helps clear immune complexes from circulation?

Answer 45

CR1

Question 46

Which receptor on NK cells recognizes IgG-coated target cells and signals them to die?

Answer 46

Fc Receptor

Question 47

Good neutralizing antibodies

Answer 47

IgG, IgA

Question 48

Good opsonizing antibodies

Answer 48

IgG and macrophages/neutrophils

Question 49

Good complement activating antibodies

Answer 49

IgG and IgM

Question 50

Antibody that activates mast cells

Answer 50

IgE

Question 51

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) uses which antibody and which type of cell?

Answer 51

IgG and NK cells