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Immunology and Microbiology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

T cells

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1
Q

What is found on the surface of all T cells?

A

Cd3 complex

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2
Q

What are the 2 classes of T-cell receptors?

A

alpha-beta T cell and gamma-delta T cell

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3
Q

What 3 parts make up the T cell complex?

A

TCR, CD3, and zeta chains

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4
Q

What are zeta chains responsible for?

A

Signal transduction after TCR activation

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5
Q

What genes/proteins mediate variable region gene rearrangements for both TCR and antibodies?

A

RAG1 and RAG2

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6
Q

Which MHC has MHC encoded polypeptide and beta2-microglobulin and peptide binding grooves?

A

MHC I

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7
Q

Which MHC has two MHC encoded peptides and peptide binding grooves?

A

MHC II

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8
Q

Which class of T cells recognize peptides bound to MHC I and II?

A

alpha-beta T cells

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9
Q

Which T cells recognize MHC I and peptides?

A

CD8+ T cells

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10
Q

Which T cells recognize MHC II and peptides?

A

CD4+ T cells

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11
Q

Which MHC is expressed on most nucleated cells?

A

MHC I

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12
Q

Which MHC is expressed mostly on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells?

A

MHC II

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13
Q

MHC that processes and presents cytoplasmic proteins

A

MHC I

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14
Q

MHC that processes and presents exogenous proteins

A

MHC II

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15
Q

What trims peptides to fit the binding groove?

A

endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)

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16
Q

MHC locus in humans

A

HLA (human leukocyte antigen)

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17
Q

Which HLA regions are involved in CD8 T cell recognition and NK cells?

A

A, B, and C (class 1 region)

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18
Q

Which HLA regions are involved in Cd4 T cell recognition?

A

Dp, DQ, DR (class II region)

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19
Q

Where do MHC polymorphisms occur?

A

on the peptide binding groove

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20
Q

What is the expression pattern of MHC genes?

A

codominance

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21
Q

Which class of T cells does not need to bind to MHC

A

gamma-delta T cells

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22
Q

Where do T cell precursors originate?

A

bone marrow

23
Q

Immature T cells

A

thymocytes

24
Q

Disorder where the thymus fails to develop and T cells are absent. Pt susceptible to many opportunistic infections

A

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

25
Q

What happens to T cells in older populations?

A

they involute (degenerate)

26
Q

2 Stages of selection for alpha/beta T cells

A

positive and negative selection

27
Q

What kind of T cell development occurs in the thymus?

A

antigen-independent

28
Q

T cell selection that selects for recognizing MHC I or II

A

positive selection

29
Q

T cell selection that selects for removal of T cells that bind too tightly to self antigens, including MHC

A

negative selection

30
Q

What class of T cells leave the thymus once TCR has productively rearranged?

A

gamma-delta T cells

31
Q

What kind of t cell can recognize bacterial products, and heat shock and stress proteins?

A

gamma-delta T cells

32
Q

What kind of T cell development occurs in the secondary lymphoid tissues

A

antigen dependent

33
Q

Self-reactive t cells that leave the thymus but are prevented from activation

A

peripheral tolerance

34
Q

What can suppress self-reactive T cells?

A

T reg cells

35
Q

Activation of which T cells leads to further development and differentiation into effector and memory cells?

A

naive alpha-beta cells

36
Q

Where do naive T cells travel

A

between circulation and secondary lymphoid tissues

37
Q

Where do effector and memory T cells travel

A

to potential sites of infection

38
Q

What are the 3 types of antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

39
Q

What are characteristics of APCs

A

present antigenic peptides on the MHC and express co-stimulatory molecules/cytokines

40
Q

Antigen presenting cells carry antigens to where?

A

secondary lymphoid tissues

41
Q

mediates first interactions between T cells and antigen presenting cells

A

CAMs (cell adhesion molecules)

42
Q

What is needed for T cell activation

A

co-stimulatory signal

43
Q

Specific co stimulatory molecule for T cell activation

A

B7

44
Q

Molecule expressed by T cells after activation, then binds to B7 and competes with CD28 to shut down T cell activation

A

CTLA-4

45
Q

B cell antigen recognized by B cell receptors

A

inducible B7

46
Q

What happens when there are no co-stimulatory cells for T cell activation?

A

anergy (the cell shuts off basically)

47
Q

Which Th cells are part of cell mediated immunity?

A

Th1

48
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th1 and involved in cell-mediated immunity?

A

IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF

49
Q

Which Th cells are part of humoral immunity?

A

Th2

50
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th2 and involved in humoral immunity?

A

IL-4,5,6

51
Q

How do cytotoxic T cells kill cells?

A

Inducing apoptosis

52
Q

These enzymes are contained in granules released from cytotoxic T cells

A

perforin and granzyme B

53
Q

2 mechanisms of Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to kill cells

A
  1. release lytic granules (perforin and granzyme B) and 2. FAS:FAS ligand interaction between target cells and cytotoxic T cells

Immunology and Microbiology (11 decks)

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