Module 7 - Anatomy of the Urinary System Part 1

Question 1

Urinary System Components (4)

Answer 1

1) Two kidneys
2) Two ureters
3) One urinary bladder
4) One urethra

Question 2

Kidney Anatomy (Size, location) (5)

Answer 2

1) Bean-shaped
2) About the size of a can of soup
3) 5 oz
4) Between T12-L3
5) Right kidney lies slightly lower than the left (due to liver location above right kidney)

Question 3

Kidney surface anatomy (3)

Answer 3

1) Renal Hilus - medial surface with cleft
2) Renal Sinus - space within the kidney
a) Ureters, blood vessels and nerves in the sinus

Question 4

Renal Capsule (3)

Answer 4

1) Innermost protective layer
2) Tough, fibrous outer skin of the kidney
3) Protects the kidney from injury and infection

Question 5

Adipose Capsule (4)

Answer 5

1) Middle protective layer
2) Outside the renal capsule
3) Fatty layer
4) Cushion to protect from trauma

Question 6

Renal fascia (3)

Answer 6

1) Outer protective layer
2) Dense fibrous connective tissue
3) Keeps the kidney held in place in the abdominal cavity

Question 7

Inner regions of the kidney (5)

Answer 7

1) Renal Cortex
a) Projections are the cortical columns

2) Renal Medulla
a) Divided in the sections called pyramids

3) Renal pelvis
a) Funnel-shaped tube
b) Connects to the ureter as it leaves the hilus

4) Calyces
a) Extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine
b) Continuously drains into the renal pelvis

5) Ureter
a) Transports urine to the bladder for storage

Question 8

Inner regions of kidneys graphic

Answer 8

Question 9

Blood supply (4)

Answer 9

1) Great blood supply so the kidneys can filter the blood and regulate its composition
2) Renal arteries deliver about 1200ml of blood per minute
3) Comes directly from the abdominal aorta
4) About 20% of cardiac output

Question 10

Blood supply graphic

Answer 10

1) Renal artery to
2) Segmental arteries to
3) Lobar arteries to
4) Interlobar arteries to
5) Arcuate arteries to
6) Interlobular arteries to
7) Afferent arterioles that supply glomeruli to
8) Efferent arterioles to
9) Peritubular or Vasa Recta capillaries, then
10) interlobular veins etc

Question 11

Nerve supply: Renal Plexus (2)

Answer 11

1) Nerve fibers follow renal arteries into each kidney

2) Sympathetic innervation adjusts the diameter of the renal arteries to regulate blood flow

Question 12

Ureters (2)

Answer 12

1) Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

2) Ureterovesical valves
a) Sphincters located where the ureters enter the base of the bladder
b) Prevent backflow of urine

Question 13

Ureter Wall (3)

Answer 13

1) Transitional epithelium
a) Inner lining, continuous with kidney lining

2) Middle, muscular layer
a) Longitudinal and circular
b) Propels the urine to the bladder via contractions

3) Fibrous connective tissue
a) Outer adventitia layer

Question 14

Urinary Bladder (3)

Answer 14

1) Hollow, muscular pouch
2) Receives and stores urine
3) Urine exits via the urethra

Question 15

Urinary Bladder - Male v. Female (2)

Answer 15

1) Males: base of the bladder in front of the rectum, behind pubic symphysis
2) Females: sits below the uterus, in front of the vagina
a) Maximum capacity is lower than. males

Question 16

Inside of Urinary Bladder

Answer 16

1) Ureteral orifices
a) Entry of ureters into the bladder

2) Trigone
a) Smooth triangular center of the bladder

Question 17

Urinary Bladder layers (3)

Answer 17

1) Outer adventitia
a) Fibrous connective tissue

2) Detrusor muscle
a) Middle, muscular layer
b) Inner and outer longitudinal layers, middle circular layer

3) Inner mucosal layer
a) Transitional epithelium
b) Specialized cells that enable cellular expansion to absorb fluid

Question 18

Cross Section of the Bladder

Answer 18

Question 19

Urinary Bladder Features (5)

Answer 19

1) Elastic, collapses into pyramid when empty
2) As it fills, it swells and rises in the abdominal cavity
3) Muscular wall stretches and thins
4) Rugae
a) Inner folds extend to increase capacity
5) Micturition (urination)
a) Maximum capacity is about 1,000 ml