Brain 1 Flashcards
Brain divisions (4)
1) Cerebrum
2) Brainstem
3) Diencephalon
4) Cerebellum
Ventricles (2)
1) Cavities within the brain that are filled with CSF
2) Four ventricles include the two lateral ventricles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle, which drains into the central canal of the spinal cord
Meninges
Three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover and protect CNS organs and enclose CSF
Dura mater
Leathery, double-layered outer meninx
Arachnoid meninx
Loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space
Subarachnoid space (2)
1) Beneath the arachnoid meninx
2) Filled with CSF and contains blood vessels
Pia mater meninx
Thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
1) Special fluid formed in the walls of the ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the CHOROID PLEXUS
2) Cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy
3) Circulates through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space, bathing brain in fluid
Blood-brain barrier (3)
1) Diffusion barrier that prevents most particles from entering the CNS tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation
2) Formed by astrocyte glial cells
3) Creates a stable chemical environment for the nervous system
Cerebrum
1) Foremost part of brain, comprising 83% of brain mass
Gyri
Raised ridges of tissue in cerebral cortex
Sulci
Shallow grooves in cerebral cortex that separate gyri
Fissures
Deeper grooves that separate large region of the brain
Transverse fissure
Separates cerebrum from the cerebellum
Four lobes of the brain (4)
Frontal lobe (anterior)
Parietal lobe (posterior top)
Occipital lobe (posterior)
Temporal lobe (sides)
Cerebral cortex (2)
1) Outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres
2) Highly convoluted and gray in color
Cerebral hemispheres (2)
1) Left and right masses of the cerebrum, separated by MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
2) Left cerebral hemisphere controls right side of the body and right cerebral hemisphere controls left side of the body
Corpus callosum
White nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres so they can communicate with each other
Frontal lobe
Controls higher level executive functions such as reason and decision making
Parietal lobe
Receives sensory information from receptors in the mouth for taste and located in the skin, such as those for touch, pressure and pain
Occipital lobe
Interprets visual input
Temporal lobe
Sensory areas for hearing and smelling
Primary areas of each lobe
Receive or send information for one type of sensory or motor information
Association areas of each lobe (3)
1) Act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory information for purposeful action
2) Each lobe contains an association area which receives information from the other lobes and integrates it into higher, more complex levels of consciousness
3) Examples include intellect, artistic/creative ability, learning and memory
Broca’s area
Located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for speech PRODUCTION
Wernicke’s area
Located in temporal lobe, is responsible for speech COMPREHENSION
Primary motor cortex
Controls voluntary motor movements for all parts of the body
Primary sensory cortex
Parietal lobe receives sensory information from the same parts of the body
Consciousness and the cerebrum (2)
State of being awake and aware of a person’s surroundings
Cerebrum is portion of brain that governs intelligence reasoning and higher level thinking and can override “lower parts of brain”
Parts of the brainstem (3)
1) Midbrain
2) Pons
3) Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata (2)
1) vital centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstriction
2) reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing
Vasoconstriction
Constriction of the blood vessels involved in the regulation of blood pressure
Pons (3)
1) Contains bundles of axons traveling between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS
2) Works with medulla to regulate the breathing rate
3) Contains reflex centers concerned with head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
Midbrain
1) Acts as a relay station for tracts passing between the cerebrum and spinal cord or cerebellum
2) Has reflex centers for higher-level reflexes involving visual, auditory and tactile responses
Superior and inferior colliculi
1) Located on posterior portion of midbrain
2) Control reflexes for the head and neck in response to a sudden visual or auditory stimulus
Subdural space
Space below the dura mater and above the arachnoid space
Right and left central sulcus
Central sulci that go from top to bottom of brain
Detailed graph of lobes and primary/association areas
