Module 6 - Female Reproductive System Part 1

Question 1

Purpose of the female reproductive system (2)

Answer 1

1) Produce eggs and estrogen

2) Maintain the development of the fetus after fertilization

Question 2

Female internal organs (4)

Answer 2

1) Ovaries
2) Oviducts
3) Uterus
4) Vaginal canal

Question 3

Female external genitalia

Answer 3

Vulva

Question 4

Ovaries (3)

Answer 4

1) Main reproductive organ in females

2) Two almond shaped glands

3) One on each side of the uterus, below the uterine tubes (oviducts)

Question 5

Ovarian follicles (2)

Answer 5

1) Inside each ovary
2) Each hold an immature egg

Question 6

Ovulation (2)

Answer 6

1) Release of a mature egg
2) Occurs about every 28 days

Question 7

Corpus Luteum (2)

Answer 7

1) Egg is released from the ovarian follicle
2) Becomes CORPUS LUTEUM after ovulation
a) Helps maintain pregnancy if egg is fertilized
b) If no fertilization occurs, it disintegrates

Question 8

The Duct System (3)

Answer 8

1) Oviducts (also called fallopian tubes or uterine tubes)
2) Uterus
3) Vaginal canal

Question 9

Oviducts (Uterine tubes, fallopian tubes) (2)

Answer 9

1) Three sections:
a) Infundibulum (including the fimbriae)
b) Ampulla
c) Isthmus

2) Three layers
a) Outer serous coat
b) Middle muscular coat
c) Inner mucosa coat

Question 10

Oviducts: Infundibulum (4)

Answer 10

Fimbriae
1) Finger-like projections on infundibulum end
2) Do not physically touch the ovaries
3) Captures egg from ovary
4) Swept into oviduct by fimbriae and cilia that line oviducts

Question 11

Oviducts: Ampulla (3)

Answer 11

1) Egg quickly moves to this region

2) Egg is most often fertilized here

3) Nourishes zygote (fertilized egg) during early cell divisions from mucosa layer

Question 12

Oviducts: Isthmus (4)

Answer 12

1) Muscular contractions, cilia move the egg through the isthmus toward the uterus

2) Opens into the uterus

3) Fertilized egg: delivers the developing embryo for implantation in the uterine cavity

4) Unfertilized egg into the uterine cavity for removal from body in menstrual cycle

Question 13

Uterus (4)

Answer 13

1) Hollow, thick-walled muscular organ
2) Connects uterine tubes to the vaginal canal
3) Between the bladder and rectum
4) Forward tilted position

Question 14

Uterus Layers (3)

Answer 14

1) Outer serous perimetrium

2) Myometrium
a) Middle, muscular layer
b) Expands during pregnancy to hold growing fetus
c) Contracts during labor

3) Endometrium
a) Inner layer
b) Embryo completes development
c) Shed monthly if female is not pregnant (menses)

Question 15

Fundus (uterus) (2)

Answer 15

1) Upper part of the uterus
2) Height can be measured from top of pubic bone during pregnancy to determine growth rates and abnormalities

Question 16

Body (uterus) (2)

Answer 16

1) Middle region

2) Receives fertilized egg, becomes implanted into endometrium in this region until birth

Question 17

Cervix (uterus) (4)

Answer 17

1) Posterior region

2) Connects uterus to vaginal canal

3) Prior to ovulation:
a) Softens and secretes mucus to facilitate sperm acces to uterus

4) Pregnancy:
a) Mucus plug develops to prevent bacteria from entering uterus
b) Protects health of fetus

Question 18

Vaginal canal (3)

Answer 18

1) Connects from small opening at the cervix to outside the body

2) Elastic muscular tube

3) Functions:
a) Receives male penis during intercourse
b) Outlet for menstrual blood during menses
c) Birth canal

Question 19

Vaginal canal layers (3)

Answer 19

1) Inner mucosal layer
a) Lies in folds and can extend
b) Facilitates birth process and intercourse

2) Middle muscular layer
a) Allows for expansion

3) Outer (adventitia) layer)
a) Contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
b) Elastic fibers help give strength and elasticity