Brain 2

Question 1

Diencephalon

Answer 1

Portion of the brain that contains the hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus

Question 2

Hypothalamus (5)

Answer 2

1) Forms the floor of the third ventricle

2) Responsible for homeostasis of the body environment

3) Contains centers for regulating basic body functions, such as hunger, sleep, thirst, body temp, water balance and blood pressure

4) Controls pituitary gland

5) Link between the nervous and endocrine systems (through neurosecretory cells)

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

Regulates the body hormones of the endocrine system

Question 4

Thalamus (4)

Answer 4

1) In the roof of the third ventricle

2) Central relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward from other parts of the body and the brain to the cerebrum

3) Receives information, filters out unimportant information, and directs it to appropriate region of the cerebrum

4) Doesn’t receive smell

Question 5

Epithalamus

Answer 5

1) Forms the roof of the third ventricle

2) Mostly composed of the PINEAL GLAND, which secretes melatonin, which controls the wake-sleep cycle

Question 6

Cerebellum (6)

Answer 6

1) Located inferiorly and posteriorly to the brain

2) Two hemispheres with deep fissures and three lobes each

3) Often called the “mini brain”

4) OUTER gray matter and INNER white matter, opposite of spinal cord

5) Coordinates body movements by relaying information to the cerebral motor cortex

6) Also involved in maintaining balance, controlling certain eye movements, maintaining normal muscle tone and maintaining posture

Question 7

Muscle tone (2)

Answer 7

1) The degree at which muscles remain partially contracted while at rest

2) Governed by the cerebellum to keep bones and joints in place

Question 8

Anterior lobes and posterior lobes of cerebellum

Answer 8

Receive information from the body trunk and influence the motor activities of the trunk, shoulder and pectoral girdle muscles

Question 9

Vermis (cerebellum) (2)

Answer 9

1) Intermediate portion

2) Coordinates limb movements

Question 10

Cerebellar peduncles (cerebellum)

Answer 10

Connect cerebellum to other parts of brain

Question 11

Limbic system

Answer 11

1) Just beneath cerebral cortex and contains neural pathways that connect portions of the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, thalamus and hypothalamus

2) Involves portions of conscious and unconscious brain

Question 12

Cingulate gyrus (limbic system) (2)

Answer 12

1) Located deep to the cerebrum

2) Connects different lobes of the cerebrum

Question 13

Hippocampus (limbic system) (2)

Answer 13

1) Involved in retrieval and storage of memories

2) Memories not stored in hippocampus itself. Hippocampus acts as a direction center

Question 14

Amygdala (limbic system)

Answer 14

Smaller portion of limbic system that is involved in emotions such as rage and anger

Question 15

Fornix (limbic system)

Answer 15

Bundle of nerve fibers that serves as a connection to the hippocamus

Question 16

Mamillary bodies (limbic system)

Answer 16

Contain fibers that project into the thalamus and assist with the memory of smell

Question 17

Limbic system and emotions (2)

Answer 17

1) Include rage, pain, pleasure, sorry and rewards/consequences

2) Known as our “feeling brain”

Question 18

Short term memory (limbic system)

Answer 18

Example - recall 7-digit phone number

Question 19

Long-term memory (limbic system)

Answer 19

Ability to recall events of the day

Question 20

Why are emotionally charged events so vivid in our memories?

Answer 20

Because the limbic system communicates with all sensory areas and accounts for ability of a sensory stimulus to awaken a complex memory

Question 21

Basal ganglia (also called basal nuclei) (limbic system) (2)

Answer 21

1) Masses of gray matter that lie deep within each hemisphere of the cerebrum

2) Responsible for working with the cerebellum to regulate planning motor movements and motor learning

3) Slows and controls precise movements through inhibition of cerebral cortex

Question 22

Components of basal ganglia (3)

Answer 22

1) Putamen

2) Caudate nucleus

3) Globus pallidus

Question 23

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 23

1) Disease of the basal ganglia

2) Apraxia, difficulty with motor planning, is symptom of the disease

3) Apraxia causes rigid movements and difficulty executing a motor plan

Question 24

Ataxia (disorder of Cerebellum)

Answer 24

Lack of voluntary muscle motor coordination

Question 25

Memory

Answer 25

1) Not stored in one area of the brain

2) Hippocampus acts as memory center and assists in storage and retrieval of memories from the cortex