Module 4: Anatomy of the blood Flashcards
Blood - 2 portions (2)
1) Liquid portion
a) Plasma
2) Cell portion
a) Formed Elements: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Osmotic pressure
Net pressure in the blood that moves fluid from the tissues into the circulatory system
Hydrostatic pressure
1) Pushes fluid INTO the tissues by the pressure of blood pumping from the heart
Serum (2)
1) Identical to plasma, with clotting proteins removed
a) Blood sits in a tube until it clots
b) Centrifuge sample to separate solid and liquid portions
2) Used in many laboratory tests
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) (4)
1) Biconcave (two concave surfaces) - gives dark appearance with “dark spot” in center
2) Carry oxygen via hemoglobin molecules
3) Most abundant cell in the blood
4) Anucleate (without a nucleus) - helps maximize hemoglobin capacity to carry oxygen
Hemoglobin (3)
1) Contains iron
2) Combines loosely with oxygen, helping to carry oxygen in the blood
3) Each red blood cell contains 250 million hemoglobin molecules
Erythrocytes Maturation (5)
1) Manufactured in red bone marrow
2) Must lose nucleus and synthesize hemoglobin before released into blood
3) Live for about 120 days
4) Destroyed in liver and spleen
5) Hemoglobin is recycled and returned to red bone marrow
White blood cells (Leukocytes) (5)
1) Larger than red blood cells
2) Large nucleus
3) Lack hemoglobin
4) Respond during inflammatory response
a) Move to injured sight to fight pathogens
5) Pus contains large portion of dead white blood cells
Granulocytes (leukocytes) (2)
1) Have granules in the cytoplasm
2) Three types
a) Neutrophils
b) Eosinophils
c) Basophils
Agranulocytes (leukocytes)
No granules in cytoplasm
a) Monocytes
Lymphocytes (leukocytes)
Function with the lymphatic system
a) T cells
b) B cells
Blood platelets (thrombocytes) (2)
1) Involved in coagulation
a) Blood clotting
2) Not true cells, but cell fragments
a) From megakaryocytes
Coagulation Cascade (blood platelets) (3) - Part 1
1) Broken vessel starts the clotting mechanism
2) Platelets stick to edges of broken vessel, change shape and begin the clotting process
3) Platelets release clotting factor (prothrombin activator)
a) Converts prothrombin (pre-enzyme) to thrombin (activated enzyme)
Coagulation Cascade (blood platelets) (4) - Part 2
1) Fibrinogen (produced by the liver) freely floats in blood
a) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
2) Fibrin winds around the platelet plug to provide framework of the platelet plug
3) Red blood cells also become trapped, making the clot appear red
4) Plasmin
a) Destroys the fibrin network once vessel repair is initiated
b) Restores the fluidity of the plasma
