Module 7 Flashcards
Type of acquired immunity when the body starts a specific immune response against an infection
Naturally acquired active immunity
Type of acquired immunity when passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and transmission of secretory IgA in a milk to a baby
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Type of acquired immunity when passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and transmission of secretory IgA in a milk to a baby
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Type of acquired immunity when the injection of antigens in vaccines to provoke an active response
Artificially acquired active immunity
Type of acquired immunity with the administration of preformed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient
Artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
The body and its microbiota have a relationship that
usually leads to parasitism
is an example of a symbiosis.
generally has a negative tone.
is never beneficial to either.
is an example of a symbiosis.
All of the following is an example of resident microbiota EXCEPT?
Lactobacillus in the human vagina
Escherichia coli in the intestines
Candida albicans in the intestines
All of the these are correct
All of the these are correct
All of the following describe endotoxins EXCEPT
Endotoxins can stimulate an immune response even after the bacteria is dead.
They are present in gram-negative bacteria.
They are composed exclusively of protein.
They are part of the bacterial cell wall.
They are composed exclusively of protein.
All of the following can influence the virulence of a pathogen EXCEPT
its ability to produce exotoxins.
its ability to overcome body defenses.
its ability to grow on artificial laboratory media.
its ability to spread through the tissues.
its ability to grow on artificial laboratory media.
Diseases that are chronic are diseases that
are referred to in lyrics by Snoop Dogg.
occur in epidemic proportions.
linger for long periods of time.
require an intermediary host.
linger for long periods of time.
Opportunistic pathogens are ones that
cause typhoid fever.
cause disease when body defenses are suppressed.
inhabit the intestine but are incapable of causing disease.
require an intermediary host.
cause disease when body defenses are suppressed.
Innate immunity can be best described as
resistance that is a response to a particular microbe
a system that protects us against trauma and disease
a response that is directed only against a particular microbe
several nonspecific defenses present in all humans from the time of birth
several nonspecific defenses present in all humans from the time of birth
Macrophages are immune cells that function
as manufacturers of coagulase.
as phagocytes in body resistance
in the production of antibodies.
to neutralize acidic environments.
as phagocytes in body resistance
Which of the following cells is part of the innate immune system?
erythrocytes
T cells
B cells
neutrophils
neutrophils
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
monitors for pathogens
lymphatic system filters extracellular fluid before returning it to the circulatory system
maintains and distributes lymphocytes
forms an alternate pathway for the body circulatory system
forms an alternate pathway for the body circulatory system
An example of a mechanical barrier in the body’s first line of defense would be
normal microbiota like Lactobacillus lining the vaginal tract
intact skin
macrophages in the alveoli
lysozymes in tears
intact skin
Which protein molecule is produced by host cells in response to a viral infection?
histamine
sebum
lysozyme
interferon
interferon
The concept that the adaptive immune system should only target foreign molecules is because
Innate immune response has a ‘memory’ for specific pathogen.
a person can tolerate “self.”
antigens tolerate self-destruction by phagocytes.
antibodies are produced by only one clone of cells.
a person can tolerate “self.”
In cell-mediated immunity, the molecules that increase activity of the T cells are
identical with the cell-surface receptors on B cells.
chains of amino acids called antibodies.
cytokines, such as the interleukins.
produced by plasma cells.
cytokines, such as the interleukins.
All of the following statements describe plasma cells EXCEPT?
They live for about four to five days
They actively produce cytokines
They are large, highly complex cells filled with ER and golgi bodies.
They are derived from B cells
They actively produce cytokines
Which of the following statements can explain why there is a large amount of diversity in antibodies?
More than 60 different antibody gene segments exist per cell
Antibody genes for different B lymphocytes differ
Gene segments coding for the light and heavy chains of an antibody are located on different chromosomes
All answers are correct
All answers are correct
Which of the following does NOT happen when an antibody interact with an antigen?
inactivation of the antigen
eventual death to the microorganism possessing the antigen
increased susceptibility of the antigen to other body defenses
additional diversity is added to the antigens
additional diversity is added to the antigens
The pathogens that cause botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria are distinguished by their production of ______________.
exotoxins
A disease that has a fast onset, results in very noticeable symptoms, comes to a climax, and then fades away is an example of a(n) ___________ disease.
acute
_____________ is an enzyme that enhances the penetration of the bacterial pathogen through the host tissues by digesting the glue that holds animal cells.
Hyaluronidase
The antibiotic treatment of most types of ___________ bacteria can lead to endotoxin shock. (2 word answer)
Gram negative
The moist epithelial tissues that line the digestive, urogenital, and respiratory tracts are the ______________. (2 word answer)
mucous membranes
A ____________ is formed when a phagosome fuses with a vesicle filled with enzymes to digest a pathogen.
phagolysosome
The chemical __________ circulates in the blood to induce a fever.
pyrogen
____________ is a set of proteins that can ultimately destroy invading pathogens by forming membrane attack complexes.
Complement
Any molecule that stimulates the immune system is referred to as a(n) _______.
antigen
Activated ______________ secrete molecules that will kill an infected cell after binding to an MHC I on the cell surface. (answer = 1 word + 1 letter + 1 word)
cytotoxic T cells
__________ are long term cells that produce antibody if an antigen reappears. (answer = 1 word + 1 letter + 1 word)
Memory B cells
________________ assist other lymphocytes during immune responses by providing necessary signals and growth factors. (answer = 1 word + 1 letter + 1 word)
Helper T cells
T/F The invasiveness of a pathogen refers to its ability to produce aggressive factors.
False
T/F Endotoxins are normally found associated with a bacteria cell and exotoxins are normally released into the environment.
True
T/F Hand-shaking is not a direct method of disease transmission.
False
T/F A carrier refers to an object that harbors a pathogen and can serve as a source of infection to a person.
False
T/F Innate immunity requires antigens and antibodies
False
T/F Secondary lymphoid tissue is where mature immune cells interact with pathogens and carry out the acquired immune response.
True
T/F Macrophages participate in activating the adaptive immune response.
True
T/F The lymphocyte is a leukocyte with a single nucleus that exists in the lymph nodes and functions in the immune system.
True
T/F The cell-surface receptor on a B cells recognizes a broader array of antigens once it is secreted as an antibody.
False
T/F Immunocompetent cells are usually found in the membranes of the brain.
False
T/F Antibodies can trigger opsonization, precipitation, and neutralization of an antigen.
True
T/F Each individual in a human population has unique MHC proteins on their red blood cells.
False
What is mutualism?
Relationship that benefits both species
What is the microbiota?
Microorganisms present in a healthy host
What is the portal of entry?
The place where parasite invades host
What is a vector?
An insect that transmits the disease
What is parasitism?
Organisms that feed on the host
What does opportunistic mean?
A communalistic microorganism that causes disease is some situations
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
is established by B cells that mature in the bone marrow.
Antibody-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
provides resistance to tuberculosis and viral infected cells.
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
is characterized by the release of interleukins.
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
involves the production of antibodies.
Antibody-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
involves granzymes and perforins.
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
involves plasma cells produced from B lymphocytes.
Antibody-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
involves cytotoxic T lymphocytes attacking virus-infected cells.
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
produces five classes of immunoglobulins.
Antibody-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity or Antibody-mediated immunity?
requires antigenic peptides to be nested within class II MHC proteins.
Cell-mediated immunity
