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Medical Microbiology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What’s the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not

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2
Q

Which of the following microorganisms are not eukaryotes?

  • bacteria
  • yeast
  • mold
  • Protozoa
A

Bacteria are prokaryotic

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3
Q

Which microorganisms are used to make microbial growth media?

A

Algae

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4
Q

In what habitat would you most likely find archaea?

A

Acidic hot springs
Great salt lake
Swamp mud

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5
Q

Who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Who hypothesized that bacterial colonies come from a single cell?

A

Robert Koch

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7
Q

Who hypothesized that medical personnel can infect patients?

A

Ignaz Simmelweis

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8
Q

Leeuwenhoek describes microorganisms as?

A

Animalcules

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9
Q

Who favored the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

Needham

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10
Q

A scientist who studies the role of microorganisms in the environment is a?

A

Environmental microbiologist

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11
Q

The lab of Robert Koch contributed what to the field of microbiology?

A
  • simple staining technique
  • Petri dishes
  • first photomicrograph of bacteria
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12
Q

Which scientists are associated with environmental microbiology?

A

Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky

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13
Q

Which scientists developed biochemistry?

A

Louis Pasteur and Eduard Buchner

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14
Q

Which scientist developed chemotherapy?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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15
Q

Which scientist are associated with the development of immunology?

A

Edward Jenner

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16
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of infection control?

A

John Snow

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17
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of etiology?

A

Robert Koch

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18
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of biotechnology?

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of food microbiology?

A

Louis Pasteur

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20
Q

What are six types of microorganisms?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Algae
  • Viruses
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21
Q

What are the four steps of the scientific method?

A
  • Observation
  • Hypothesis
  • Experiment
  • Accept, reject or modify hypothesis
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22
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A
  • cause must be consistent among sick and absent in healthy
  • cause must be isolated and grown outside of host
  • must cause disease when introduced to healthy
  • must be same agent found in host
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23
Q

Who developed the smallpox immunization?

A

Edward Jenner

24
Q

Who first took photomicrograph of bacteria?

A

Robert Koch

25
Q

Who came up with the germ theory of disease?

A

Louis Pasteur

26
Q

Who figured out that germs cause disease?

A

Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Girolamo Francastoro

27
Q

Who sought the “magic bullet” to destroy pathogens?

A

Paul Ehrlich

28
Q

Who was one of the earliest epidemiologists?

A

John Snow

29
Q

Who is the father of microbiology?

A

Louis Pasteur

30
Q

Who came up with a classification system for microorganisms?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

31
Q

Who discovered bacteria?

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

32
Q

Who discovered Protozoa?

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

33
Q

Who is the founder of antiseptic surgery?

A

Joseph Lister

34
Q

Who developed the bacterial staining technique?

A

Hans Christian Gram

35
Q

What was Francesco Redi’s famous experiment regarding spontaneous generation?

A

He covered some jars of meat with gauze and left others open and the uncovered jars did not develop maggots.

36
Q

What kind of bind is found between water molecules?

A

Hydrogen

37
Q

Carbon enters a lot of and variety of chemical combos because?

A

It has four electrons in its outer shell

38
Q

What are the four most common elements in organic life forms?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen

39
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

40
Q

What are the three parts of an atom?

A

Electrons
Neutrons
Protons

41
Q

What is an important difference between monosaccharides and polysaccharides?

A

The number of carbohydrate monomers

42
Q

Semmelweis showed that the spread of disease could be stopped by?

A

Washing hands

43
Q

Why was Pasteur’s study of fermentation so important?

A

It showed that microorganisms bring about chemical changes

44
Q

What are some characteristics of an acid?

A

It has a sour taste
Releases protons in solution
Has a low pH value

45
Q

What maintains a stable pH in living things?

A

A buffer

46
Q

What happens in the formation of an ionic bond?

A

The transfer of electrons

47
Q

What was Paul Ehrlich’s magic bullet?

A

A chemical to treat syphilis

48
Q

What happens in a dehydration or synthesis reaction?

A

Water is removed in the formation of the covalent bond

49
Q

Koch’s postulates give rules about what?

A

Relating certain microorganisms to certain diseases

50
Q

Flagella, cilia or pseudopodia are commonly found on?

A

Protozoa

51
Q

______ is the use of chemicals to control microbes

A

Chemotherapy

52
Q

The sharing of an electron between a carbon and a hydrogen generates a _____ bond

A

Covalent

53
Q

____ is the heritable genetic material in a bacterial cell

A

DNA

54
Q

____ is the concept that life forms arise from non living matter

A

Spontaneous generation

55
Q

A ____ contains a glycerol head, two fatty acid tails and a phosphate functional group

A

Phospholipid

56
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____

A

Nucleotides

57
Q

____ are made up of amino acids and have primary, secondary and tertiary structures

A

Proteins

Medical Microbiology (10 decks)

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