Module 10 Flashcards
Plaque is basically a ____________.
biofilm.
inflammation.
mucus trap.
carbuncle.
biofilm.
Food poisoning caused by Staphyloccocus has a shorter incubation period when compared to Salmonellosis because
the food that contains Salmonella serotypes is usually uncooked.
staphylococcal food poisoning is due to a toxin rather than a growth of bacteria.
Salmonella serotypes must reach the blood before symptoms are experienced.
staphylococci grow more rapidly.
staphylococcal food poisoning is due to a toxin rather than a growth of bacteria.
Which of the following does NOT describe typhoid fever
ulcers may form in the tissue of the intestine.
the causative organism is a gram-negative rod.
human carriers harbor the causative organism.
the disease is common in barnyard animals
the disease is common in barnyard animals
Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to Salmonella serotypes
they commonly infect chickens and turkeys.
they are gram-negative rods.
they can be transmitted by food.
they usually cause skin infections.
they usually cause skin infections.
All of the following apply to shigellosis EXCEPT
The causative organism can be located in stool specimens
Waves of intense abdominal cramps occur
Individuals recovering generally become carriers
The disease is caused by a gram-positive coccus
The disease is caused by a gram-positive coccus
In order cholera to establish an infection, a large amount of Vibrio bacteria must be present in contaminated food because
cholera bacilli are susceptible to the effects of bacteriophages.
antigenic variation to a harmless form will occur rapidly in the body.
most will be destroyed by the stomach acid.
a large amount of toxin must be produced in the intestine.
most will be destroyed by the stomach acid.
To protect against cholera when travelling to endemic parts of the world, travelers
can be immunized against cholera.
should receive gamma globulin injections.
should avoid stray dogs.
should wear mosquito protection.
can be immunized against cholera.
The most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea is
Escherichia coli.
None of the these.
staphylococci and streptococci.
multiple serotypes of Salmonella.
Escherichia coli.
Which characteristic applies to noroviruses?
They have both DNA and RNA.
They have no capsid.
They are one of the largest viruses known.
They cause of viral gastroenteritis.
They cause of viral gastroenteritis.
All of the following are characteristics of giardiasis EXCEPT
Transmission occurs by tick bites
it is the most commonly detected protozoal disease of the intestinal tract in the United States
Diarrhea is a notable sign
It is caused by a flagellated protozoan
Transmission occurs by tick bites
All of the following are STDs EXCEPT
gonorrhea
influenza
syphilis
AIDS
influenza
In the female urinary and reproductive systems there is a population of resident bacteria located in the
vagina
cervix
All of these
vulva
All of these
The pathogen that causes gonorrhea
occurs in spore and vegetative forms.
resists destruction during autoclaving.
is rarely contracted from a dry surface such as toilet seat.
survives for long periods of time on a dry surface.
is rarely contracted from a dry surface such as toilet seat.
Which of the following is NOT a sign of secondary syphilis?
swollen lymph glands.
headache and mild fever
skin rash may be mistaken for measles, rubella, or chickenpox.
gummas.
gummas.
Which of the following is NOT considered a herpes infection?
genital herpes.
herpes encephalitis, a brain disease that may occur in newborns.
cold sores forming around the lips and nose.
genital warts.
genital warts.
The spread of HHV-1 can be cured by
getting vaccinated
AntiViral drug treatment
There is not cure for HHV-1 infections
washing your hands frequently
There is not cure for HHV-1 infections
The spread of warts can be prevented by
not sharing towels with someone who has them
keeping them clean
all of the these.
not picking at them
all of the these.
Genital warts caused by papillomavirus are transmitted through sexual intercourse and
all of these.
can be observed anywhere in the genital region.
appear as tiny flat or cauliflower shaped bumps in the genital or anal region.
do not develop in most people exposed to the virus.
all of these.
A sexually transmitted protozoal disease is
toxoplasmosis.
African trypanosomiasis.
American trypanosomiasis.
trichomoniasis.
trichomoniasis.
Which of the following viruses has been linked to cancer?
VSV
influenza A
HIV
HPV
HPV
The epithelial cells of the intestinal tract are coated with __________ , which helps protect them from pathogen invasion.
mucus
__________ can survive in the acidic conditions of the stomach and cause stomach ulcers.
Helicobacter pylori
The virus that has been in the news because of causing viral gastroenteritis on cruise ships is __________ .
norovirus
The common human tapeworms are in the genus _________.
taenia
__________ are the population of people most likely to develop a urinary tract infection.
Women
__________ stage of syphilis is characterized by a contagious skin rash.
Secondary
__________ are painful rubbery lesions on skin and bones characteristic of the late stages of syphilis
Gummas
__________ and Gonorrhea are the most common bacteria STDs.
Chlamydia
T/F Vaccines against typhoid contain attenuated exotoxin.
False
T/F The first priority when treating patients with cholera is replacing lost fluids, not antimicrobial treatment.
True
T/F The virus of hepatitis A is usually transmitted by direct blood-to-blood transfer.
False
T/F Pinworms can be picked up by barefeet in warm wet infected soil which can result in direct infection.
False
T/F The incubation periods for hepatitis A and hepatitis B are different as are the viruses responsible for these diseases.
True
T/F In cases of giardiasis, the flagellated protozoa accumulate at the base of the brain and induce a deep coma in the patient.
False
T/F One of the issues in controlling gonorrhea infections is that many of the female infections are asymptomatic.
True
T/F Amantadine is a drug that can help inhibit a herpes outbreak.
False
T/F Cases of trichomoniasis defy treatment with any known drug.
False
T/F If exposed to HPV, women are encouraged to monitor the cervical epithelium through physician-provided PAP tests.
True
T/F Men are more likely to develop UTIs because their urethras are shorter.
False
T/F Intestinal protozoa may be transferred to the reproductive system by certain sexual practices.
True
- Cholera are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Cholera?
- Vibrio cholerae
2. Bacteria
- Peptic ulcers are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces peptic ulcers?
- Helicobacter pylori
2. Bacteria
- Typhoid fever are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces typhoid fever?
- Salmonella enterica
2. Bacteria
- Rotovirus produces which disease?
2. Rotovirusis what type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa)?
- Viral gastroenteritis
2. Virus
- Giardia produces which disease?
2. Giardia is what type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa)?
- Giardiasis
2. Protozoa
- Vaginal yeast infections are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces vaginal yeast infections?
- Candida albicans
2. Fungi
- Gonorrhea are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces gonorrhea?
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2. Bacteria
- Chlamydia are produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces chlamydia?
- Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Bacteria
- Treponema pallidum produces which disease?
2. Treponema pallidum is what type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa)?
- Syphilis
2. Bacteria
- Trichomonas vaginalis produces which disease?
2. Trichomonas vaginalis is what type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa)?
- Trichomoniasis
2. Protozoa
Which of the following conditions usually results in severe acute liver damage?
co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses
co-infection with hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses
co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses
superinfection with hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses
infection with hepatitis delta viruses
co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses
How does Borrelia burgdorferi evade the body’s defenses?
It has a polysaccharide capsule.
It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins.
It is capable of antigenic variation.
It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes.
It has manganese-containing enzymes.
It is capable of antigenic variation.
The bacterium ________ adheres to and grows on teeth, contributing to dental plaque formation.
Streptococcus mutans
viridians streptococci
Enterobacter
Streptococcus agalactiae
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Streptococcus mutans
The virulence factor of Vibrio cholera, which is primarily responsible for the signs and symptoms of cholera, is
its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.
its ability to form biofilms in saltwater.
its ability to survive in freshwater.
the presence of polar flagella.
its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?
Cold viruses reproduce most effectively at 37°C.
Only coronaviruses cause the common cold.
Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites.
The viruses can infect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
The immune system cannot develop an effective response to cold viruses.
Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites.
Trichomonas vaginalis is usually transmitted during sexual intercourse because it
produces cysts that germinate in the vagina.
penetrates cells lining the genitourinary tract.
cannot live long outside the body.
requires a growth factor found only in the vagina.
participates with HIV in coinfections.
cannot live long outside the body.
Why does taking antibacterial medications put women at risk for candidiasis?
Antibacterials serve as growth stimulants for Candida albicans.
Depletion of the bacterial microbiota results in higher carbon dioxide levels, (which favor the growth of Candida albicans).
Antibacterials can alter metabolism, creating conditions that favor the growth of Candida albicans.
Antibacterials deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH.
Bacteria killed by antibacterials provide nutrients for Candida albicans.
Antibacterials deplete the normal bacterial microbiota, resulting in a change of pH.
Syphilis can be transmitted
from mother to fetus.
by fomites.
by sexual contact.
both by sexual contact and from mother to fetus.
by sexual contact, by fomites, and from mother to fetus.
both by sexual contact and from mother to fetus.
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?
No effective vaccine is available to prevent infection.
The pseudomembrane is easily removed by surgery.
A microscopic exam of bacterial samples is sufficient for conclusive diagnosis.
The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin.
A diffuse rash is the major sign of diphtheria.
The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin.
Lyme disease becomes chronic because
Borrelia can lie dormant in liver cells.
Borrelia changes its surface antigens frequently.
the bacterium resists phagocytosis
Borrelia is an intracellular parasite of erythrocytes
the bacterium resists phagocytosis and “hides” erythrocytes.
Borrelia changes its surface antigens frequently.
T/F Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as cytomegalovirus.
False
T/F The seriousness of Coccidioides infections can be attributed to the cycle of formation and rupture of spherules.
True
T/F All tapeworms are intestinal parasites that completely lack digestive systems.
True
T/F Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be transmitted from person-to-person and from rodents to humans.
False
T/F The risk of developing toxic shock syndrome is increased by the use of super-absorbent tampons.
True
____________ is a disease caused by normal microbiota that is more common in children than adults because of differences in the anatomy of the head.
Otitis media
The intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni is a _____________.
snail
The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to ______________.
toxemia
Isolation of Gram-positive (pick one: bacilli/cocci/vibrios) from food suspected of being the source of an outbreak of diarrhea indicates the disease is the result of bacterial intoxication.
cocci
The causative agent of pinworm infections is an example of a __________.
nematode
- Candidiasis is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Candidiasis.
- Candida albicans
2. Fungi
- Chagas’ Disease is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Chagas’ Disease.
- Trypanosoma cruzi
2. Parasite
- Shigellosis is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Shigellosis.
- Shigella
2. Bacteria
- Diphtheria is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Diphtheria.
- Cornybactum diptherium
2. Bacteria
- Gonorrhea is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Gonorrhea.
- Neisseria gonorrhea
2. Bacteria
- Anthrax is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Anthrax.
- Bacilicus anthacis
2. Bacteria
- Lyme disease is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Lyme disease.
- Borrelia burgdorferi
2. Bacteria
- Legionnaire’s Disease is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Legionnaire’s Disease.
- Legionella
2. Bacteria
- Cholera is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Cholera.
- Vibrio cholera
2. Bacteria
- Syphilis is produced by what pathogen?
2. What type of pathogen (ex: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa) produces Syphilis .
- Treponema pallidum
2. Bacteria
