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Health Assessment > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four quadrants of the abdominal surface

A

Right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower

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2
Q

what are the 3 midline finding abdominal surface terms

A

epigastric, periumbilical, suprapubic

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3
Q

what organs are peritoneal

A

liver(RUQ), stomach (LUQ), gallbaladder, bladder

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4
Q

this is behind peritoneal

signs are often different from true abdomen organs

A

retroperitoneal

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5
Q

what organs are retroperitoneal

A

kidneys, pancreas vena cava, aorta

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6
Q

what should you ask during personal history for abdomen

A

weight changes, change in appetite, food allergy/intolerance, food supplements, diet

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7
Q

what do you ask about in weight changes

A

time frame

current weight, usual weight, highest and lowest weight has ever been

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8
Q

what types of changes in appetite are you looking for

A

anorexia (decreased appetite) and polyphagia (increased appetite- may indicate diabetes)

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9
Q

what do you look for during problems with digestion

A

eructation, pyrosis, nauseas with or without emesis

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10
Q

what do you look for in characteristics of vomit

A

partially digested food
fecal material
frank blood
coffee grounds

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11
Q

what are coffee grounds indicative of

A

coming from digestive(duodenum)

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12
Q

what do you look for during timing of emesis

A

meals and activities

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13
Q

what do you ask for relevant history

A

change in appetite, problems with digestion, characteristics of vomit, timing of emesis, changes in bowels, abdominal pain

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14
Q

what do you look for in changes of bowel habits

A

diarrhea, constipation, frank blood, tarry stool

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15
Q

what do you ask for during abdominal pain

A

timing, course, location, quality, and radiation

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16
Q

what is hollow viscera referred to as

A

colic (common)

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17
Q

what are characteristics of colic

A

crampy, poor localization, related to peristalsis, person writhes in pain

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18
Q

what type of pain is more ominous (sign of profound problem)

A

peritoneal irritation

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19
Q

infection or irritation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

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20
Q

what are characteristics of peritoneal irritation

A

stead/constant, localized well, lies with knees up, not related to peristalsis

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21
Q

is pain always confined to the abdomen

A

no organs move around

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22
Q

pain pathways cross

A

referred pain

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23
Q

this is referred pain
common in children
position is variable
pain varies with anatomy but moves to RLQ

A

appendicitis

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24
Q

inflammation of gallbladder
due to obstruction of bile ducts by bile stones
can include infection and necrosis

A

cholecystitis

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25
Q

pain generally felt on back
kidneys can harbor stones for years(become large)
occurs when stone is lodged in ureter

A

acute renal colic

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26
Q

tips for inspecting patient

A

patient should have empty bladder
lay supine with examiner on their right side
quiet exam room
watch for signs of discomfort

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27
Q

what do you examine for during inspection

A

scars, striae, hernias, vascular changes, lesions, rashes

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28
Q

how do you inspect the abdomen

A

look at configuration (at eye level)
movement (peristalsis or pulsations)
abdominal contour

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29
Q

what is common after surgery

A

scars

obstruction and adhesion

30
Q

this should be done PRIOR to percussion and palpation

A

auscultation

31
Q

why do you auscultate first

A

sounds change with manipulation

32
Q

what are transmitted widely

A

bowel sounds so only one quadrant is necessary to check

33
Q

are bowel sounds good or bad

A

good/normal

34
Q

to conclude no bowel sounds what must be done

A

listen in all four quadrants for 5 min

35
Q

what part of the stethoscope do you use to check for bowel sounds and why

A

diaphragm-high pitched

36
Q

what sequence do you check the quadrants in

A

RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ

37
Q

click and gurgles
irregular
occur about every 5-35 seconds

A

normal bowel sounds

38
Q

hyperactive
heard every 5 seconds or less
borborygmi

A

increased bowel sounds

39
Q

hypoactive

heard every 35 seconds or more

A

decreased bowel sounds

40
Q

vascular sounds
abnormal
heard over arteries

A

bruits

41
Q

how do you listen to bruits

A

with the bell in five locations

42
Q

what are the five locations you listen to bruits over

A

aorta, R and L renal arteries, L and R iliac arteries

43
Q

to do this use blunt object
stroke lightly on abdomen
superficial

A

abdominal reflex

44
Q

what does abdominal reflex check for

A

the contraction of abdominal muscles and deviation of umbilicus towards stimulus

45
Q

do this BEFORE palpation, why

A

percussion as it causes less discomfort

46
Q

how do you percuss

A

check all four quadrants

indirect percussion

47
Q

what sounds will you hear during percussion

A

tympany (normal) OR

dull (abdominal mass)

48
Q

during this you are looking for areas of tenderness

A

light palpation

49
Q

what may be present during light palpation

A

voluntary or involuntary guarding

50
Q

what is the most sensitive indicator of tenderness

A

facial expression

51
Q

discomfort caused or increased by examination

A

tenderness

52
Q

sign

A

tenderness

53
Q

symptom

A

pain

54
Q

something the person tells you about as part of history

A

pain

55
Q

this helps identify deep tenderness

3-4 cm into abdomen

A

deep palpation

56
Q

press deeply left of midline (above umbilicus)

easily felt on most individuals

A

palpation of aorta

57
Q

pulsatile mass

greater than 3 cm across

A

aortic aneurysm

58
Q

test for peritoneal irritation

A

rebound tenderness

59
Q

how do you check for rebound tenderness

A

warn person
press deeply on abdomen then release pressure
if hurts more when you release then rebound tenderness

60
Q

associated with renal disease and kidney stones

A

costovertebral angle tenderness

61
Q

how do you check for costovertebral angle tenderness

A

warn person, have them sit on table
use heel of fist to strike costovertebral angle
compare L and R
NOT NORMAL

62
Q

what occurs in infants with breathing

A

synchronous chest and abdominal movement

63
Q

what are seen in premature infants

A

superficial veins

64
Q

what are common in the epigastric region of infants

A

pulsation

65
Q

what is the contour of infants

A

abdomen is round and protrudes

66
Q

where is the liver palpable in infants

A

1-3 cm below costal margin

67
Q

what is common in adolescents

A

tanning lines, fine venous networks, flat contour

68
Q

what is common in pregnancy

A

nausea/vomiting, diminished abdominal reflex, decreased peristalsis, abdominal striae, linea nigra

69
Q

separation of two halves of rectus abdominus

A

diastasis recti

70
Q

how do you check for diastasis recti

A

supine postion
place fingers below umbilicus
have person put chin on chest
feel for separation

71
Q

what is common in elderly

A

decreased intestinal motility, abdominal wall is thin(less firm), fat pad is common, loss of muscle tone, midclavicular liver span decreases

72
Q

what occurs as a result of decreased midclavicular liver span

A

hepatic blood flow and liver cells decrease which effects drug metabolism

Health Assessment (28 decks)

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