Module 10 Flashcards
what is the role of the cerebrum
general movement, visceral functions, perception, behavior, voluntary movement, interpretation of sensory data
what is the role of the cerebellum
muscle tone, equilibrium, posture, coordination
what is the role of the brainstem
involuntary functions, perception of sensations
what is the role of the cranial nerves
motor and sensory functions
what is the role of the basal ganglia
processing station between cerebrum and upper brainstem; gross intentional movement without conscious thought
these convey info from the brain to muscle groups and control muscle tone and posture
descending tracts (motor)
these carry impulses for voluntary movement
pyramidal tract
these mediate various sensations and facilitate sensory signals
ascending tracts
these discriminate touch, deep pressure, vibration, position, stereognosis, and two part discrimination
dorsal tract (posterior column)
these discriminate light and crude touch, pressure, temperature and pain
spinothalamic tract
what muscle groups do the descending tracts convey info to
facilitative and inhibitory
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
these supply and receive info in specific dermatomes
spinal nerves
what are the two types of spinal nerves
ventral (motor) and dorsal root (sensory)
these carry impulses from spinal cord to muscles
ventral (motor)
these carry impulses from sensory receptors to the body of the spinal cord then to brain for interpretation or initiate reflex response
dorsal root (sensory)
current problems that are related to neurological assessment
seizures/convulsions, pain, gait coordination, weakness/paresthesia, change in mental status, change in the five senses
past history related to neurological assessment
trauma, CVA, meningitis, deformities, hypertension, neurologic disorder, brain surgery
family history related to neurological assessment
hereditary diseases, alcoholism, metal retardation, epilepsy, thyroid disease, diabetes, hypertension, learning disorder, Alzheimer’s
personal and social history related to neurological assessment
environmental hazards, ADL, sleeping patterns, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco
what techniques do you use
inspection and palpation
how can the neurological system be examined
constantly
what is the first portion of the neurologic assessment
mental status
what are the components of the mental status
orientation, memory, logic/judgment, reasoning, emotional stability, speech, language
what are the components of orientation
person, place, time and situation
this is recall after short interval
immediate
how do you test immediate memory
give 3 things to remember
recall this 3-5 min after given
this is recall of several minutes to several hours ago
recent
how do you test recent memory
what they had for breakfast
this is recall of several days to several years ago
remote
how do you test remote
history
how do you test logic and judgement
what would you do if you were inside a burning building
how do you test reasoning and decision making
ask the meaning of a proverb
awake, readily aroused
alert
not fully alert, drifts off to sleep when not stimulated
lethargic
sleeps most of the time, difficult to arouse
obtunded
spontaneously unconscious, responds only to persistent and vigorous shake or pain, reflex activity persists
stuporous or semi comatose
completely unconscious, no response to pain or any external or internal stimuli
comatose
what is the scale of consciousness
Glascow coma scale (highest score/normal is 15 and lowest score/deep coma is 3)
what is the normal pupil range
2-6 mm
what do drugs do to pupils
pinpoint them
what occurs with increased intracranial pressure
pupils begin to dilate
what is the second portion of the neurologic assessment
cranial nerves
pneumonic to remember the cranial nerves
oh, oh, oh to take a family vacation go vegas after hours
how to remember if the cranial nerves are motor, sensory, or both
some say marry money but my brother says bad business marry money
what is the third portion of the neurologic assessment
muscle tone and strength
