Module 5

Question 1

listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, and other organs

Answer 1

auscultation

Question 2

tapping the person’s skin with short sharp strokes to assess underlying structures

Answer 2

percussion

Question 3

percussion notes

Answer 3

mediate/indirect

Question 4

tenderness

Answer 4

immediate/direct

Question 5

loudest, drum like

gastric bubble

Answer 5

tympany

Question 6

boom like

emphysematous lungs

Answer 6

hyperresonance

Question 7

hollow

normal lungs

Answer 7

resonance

Question 8

thud like

organs

Answer 8

dull

Question 9

quietest, dull

muscles and bones

Answer 9

flat

Question 10

what are the functions of respiratory

Answer 10

ventilation, diffusion and perfusion, and control of breathing

Question 11

movement of air into or out of the lungs

Answer 11

ventilation

Question 12

gas exchange across alveolar-pulmonary membrane

Answer 12

diffusion and perfusion

Question 13

stimulus for breathing (increased CO2)

neural and chemical factors

Answer 13

control of breathing

Question 14

slow shallow breathing
CO2 build up in blood
acidosis

Answer 14

hypoventilation

Question 15

rapid deep breathing
CO2 is blown off
alkalosis

Answer 15

hyperventilation

Question 16

Primary muscles of respiration

Answer 16

Diaphragm – divides chest from abdomen
External intercostal muscles
Accessory muscles

Question 17

what is the function of the upper airway

Answer 17

Conduct air to lower airway
Filter to protect lower airway
Warm and humidify inspired air

Question 18

what are the parts of the upper airway

Answer 18

Nose, pharynx, larynx, intrathoracic trachea

Question 19

what is the function of the lower airway

Answer 19

Conduct air to alveoli

Clear mucociliary structures

Question 20

what are the parts of the lower airway

Answer 20

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 21

what is the function of alveoli

Answer 21

Gas exchange

Production of surfactant

Question 22

what is asked in past health history during respiratory

Answer 22

Lung disease or breathing problems
Frequent severe colds, asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis
Last PPD and/or chest x-ray
Allergies
Medication use

Question 23

what is checked during general inspection

Answer 23

Appearance
Posturing
Breathing effort
Trachea position

Question 24

what should the anterior posterior diameter be

Answer 24

½ the transverse diameter

Question 25

what should the costal angle be

Answer 25

90 degrees or less

Question 26

where do you check for oxygenation/cyanosis

Answer 26

Nails Skin Lips

Question 27

what do you palpate the trachea for

Answer 27

for position

Question 28

what do you palpate the chest wall for

Answer 28

for symmetry

Question 29

how do you check for thoracic expansion

Answer 29

Place both thumbs at about 7th rib posteriorly along the spinal process Normal will be bilateral, symmetric expansion

Question 30

how do you check for tactile/vocal fremitus

Answer 30

Systematically position hands over both sides of posterior chest Have person repeat “1 – 2 – 3” or “99” as you move from the apices to the bases Normal: bilaterally symmetrical vibrations

Question 31

how should you auscultate

Answer 31

systematic manner Compare one side to the other Listen one full respiration at each spot

Question 32

where should you place your stethoscope

Answer 32

on BARE skin

Question 33

what sound is high, loud, blowing/hollow, I

Answer 33

bronchial

Question 34

what sound is moderate pitch and intensity, I=E, and located between scapulae

Answer 34

bronchiovesicular

Question 35

what sound is low, soft, gentle/breezy, I>E, and located in peripheral lungs

Answer 35

vesicular

Question 36

Soft (fine)/ High and Loud (coarse)/ Low pitch, inspiration, possibly cough, and Discontinuous, nonmusical, brief quality

Answer 36

crackles

Question 37

high pitch, expiration, Continuous musical sounds, | possibly cough

Answer 37

wheeze

Question 38

low pitch, expiration, Continuous snoring sounds, possibly cough

Answer 38

rhonchi

Question 39

Continuous or discontinuous creaking or brushing sounds | never cough

Answer 39

pleural friction rub

Question 40

Continuous, crowing | never cough

Answer 40

stridor

Question 41

what are developmental variations in neonates

Answer 41

Obligate nose breathers | Periodic breathing is common

Question 42

what are signs of compromise in neonates

Answer 42

Stridor (“crowing”) Grunting Central cyanosis Flaring nares

Question 43

developmental variations in infants and young kids

Answer 43

Roundness of the chest persist for first 2 years Chest walls are thinner than the adult’s Breath sounds may sound louder, and more bronchial than the adult

Question 44

variation in pregnancy

Answer 44

Costal angle increases to about 105 degrees in the third trimester Dyspnea and orthopnea are common Breathes more deeply

Question 45

variation in older adult

Answer 45

Chest expansion is often decreased Bony prominences are marked AP diameter is increased with respect to transverse (but not 1:1)