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Health Assessment > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, and other organs

A

auscultation

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2
Q

tapping the person’s skin with short sharp strokes to assess underlying structures

A

percussion

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3
Q

percussion notes

A

mediate/indirect

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4
Q

tenderness

A

immediate/direct

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5
Q

loudest, drum like

gastric bubble

A

tympany

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6
Q

boom like

emphysematous lungs

A

hyperresonance

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7
Q

hollow

normal lungs

A

resonance

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8
Q

thud like

organs

A

dull

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9
Q

quietest, dull

muscles and bones

A

flat

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10
Q

what are the functions of respiratory

A

ventilation, diffusion and perfusion, and control of breathing

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11
Q

movement of air into or out of the lungs

A

ventilation

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12
Q

gas exchange across alveolar-pulmonary membrane

A

diffusion and perfusion

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13
Q

stimulus for breathing (increased CO2)

neural and chemical factors

A

control of breathing

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14
Q

slow shallow breathing
CO2 build up in blood
acidosis

A

hypoventilation

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15
Q

rapid deep breathing
CO2 is blown off
alkalosis

A

hyperventilation

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16
Q

Primary muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm – divides chest from abdomen
External intercostal muscles
Accessory muscles

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17
Q

what is the function of the upper airway

A

Conduct air to lower airway
Filter to protect lower airway
Warm and humidify inspired air

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18
Q

what are the parts of the upper airway

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, intrathoracic trachea

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19
Q

what is the function of the lower airway

A

Conduct air to alveoli

Clear mucociliary structures

20
Q

what are the parts of the lower airway

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

21
Q

what is the function of alveoli

A

Gas exchange

Production of surfactant

22
Q

what is asked in past health history during respiratory

A 
Lung disease or breathing problems
Frequent severe colds, asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis
Last PPD and/or chest x-ray
Allergies
Medication use
23
Q

what is checked during general inspection

A

Appearance
Posturing
Breathing effort
Trachea position

24
Q

what should the anterior posterior diameter be

A

½ the transverse diameter

25
Q

what should the costal angle be

A

90 degrees or less

26
Q

where do you check for oxygenation/cyanosis

A

Nails
Skin
Lips

27
Q

what do you palpate the trachea for

A

for position

28
Q

what do you palpate the chest wall for

A

for symmetry

29
Q

how do you check for thoracic expansion

A

Place both thumbs at about 7th rib posteriorly along the spinal process
Normal will be bilateral, symmetric expansion

30
Q

how do you check for tactile/vocal fremitus

A

Systematically position hands over both sides of posterior chest
Have person repeat “1 – 2 – 3” or “99” as you move from the apices to the bases
Normal: bilaterally symmetrical vibrations

31
Q

how should you auscultate

A

systematic manner
Compare one side to the other
Listen one full respiration at each spot

32
Q

where should you place your stethoscope

A

on BARE skin

33
Q

what sound is high, loud, blowing/hollow, I

A

bronchial

34
Q

what sound is moderate pitch and intensity, I=E, and located between scapulae

A

bronchiovesicular

35
Q

what sound is low, soft, gentle/breezy, I>E, and located in peripheral lungs

A

vesicular

36
Q

Soft (fine)/ High and Loud (coarse)/ Low pitch, inspiration, possibly cough, and Discontinuous, nonmusical, brief quality

A

crackles

37
Q

high pitch, expiration, Continuous musical sounds,

possibly cough

A

wheeze

38
Q

low pitch, expiration, Continuous snoring sounds, possibly cough

A

rhonchi

39
Q

Continuous or discontinuous creaking or brushing sounds

never cough

A

pleural friction rub

40
Q

Continuous, crowing

never cough

A

stridor

41
Q

what are developmental variations in neonates

A

Obligate nose breathers

Periodic breathing is common

42
Q

what are signs of compromise in neonates

A

Stridor (“crowing”)
Grunting
Central cyanosis
Flaring nares

43
Q

developmental variations in infants and young kids

A

Roundness of the chest persist for first 2 years
Chest walls are thinner than the adult’s
Breath sounds may sound louder, and more bronchial than the adult

44
Q

variation in pregnancy

A

Costal angle increases to about 105 degrees in the third trimester
Dyspnea and orthopnea are common
Breathes more deeply

45
Q

variation in older adult

A

Chest expansion is often decreased
Bony prominences are marked
AP diameter is increased with respect to transverse (but not 1:1)

Health Assessment (28 decks)

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