Module 6.2: Commas Flashcards
What is a common misconception about commas?
A comma does not just indicate a pause.
This misconception arises from a simple guideline taught in schools.
What is the primary function of commas in writing?
Commas serve as a mark of separation.
What are nonrestrictive clauses?
Clauses that are not essential to the overall meaning of a sentence and are set off by commas.
Provide an example of a nonrestrictive clause.
The man, who was wearing a fez, cackled.
What is the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses?
Restrictive clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while nonrestrictive clauses add extra information and are punctuated with commas.
How should the phrase ‘such as’ be punctuated when used restrictively?
No commas are used.
How should the phrase ‘such as’ be punctuated when used nonrestrictively?
It should be set apart with commas.
What is a parenthetical clause?
A clause that provides nonessential information and is set off by commas.
When should a comma be used after introductory words or phrases?
When a sentence begins with a conjunctive adverb or a short clause.
Is a comma required after short introductory phrases?
Not strictly, but it is a matter of stylistic preference.
What types of information can commas set off at the end of a sentence?
- Nonrestrictive clauses
- Examples
- Afterthoughts
- Contrasts or contrary details
When should a comma be used before a coordinating conjunction?
When it joins two independent clauses.
What is the acronym used to remember coordinating conjunctions?
FANBOYS.
When is a comma unnecessary before a subordinating conjunction?
When the dependent clause comes at the end of the sentence.
What is the acronym used to remember key subordinating conjunctions?
WABBITS.
What can indicate the need for a comma with a subordinating conjunction?
Ambiguity in meaning.
When should commas be used in lists?
To separate items in lists of three or more.
What is the Oxford comma?
A comma placed before the conjunction and final item in a list.
Is the use of the Oxford comma a matter of style?
Yes, it is typically a matter of stylistic preference.
What are coordinate adjectives?
Adjectives that modify a noun in a similar way or to a similar degree.
How can you test if adjectives are coordinate?
- Check standard adjective order
- Add ‘and’ between the adjectives
How are commas used to introduce quotations?
Commas are used after introductory words or phrases and after verbs like ‘says’ or ‘writes.’
What punctuation is commonly used to introduce a quotation?
Commas
Commas are typically used after introductory words or phrases, especially after verbs like ‘says’ or ‘writes’.
When is a comma not necessary when introducing a quote?
When the quote is incorporated grammatically into the rest of the sentence
For example, after the word ‘that’.
How do authors use commas in fiction for dialogue?
To separate spoken dialogue from the rest of the sentence
This helps clarify who is speaking.
What is the purpose of commas in direct address?
To indicate direct address (vocative case)
This is when a statement is directed at someone named in the text.
Provide an example of a sentence that demonstrates the need for a vocative comma.
Let’s eat Grandma!
Without the comma, the meaning changes dramatically.
What is a common issue with comma usage in writing?
Comma Overuse
This can detract from the readability and flow of the writing.
What should you consider when applying comma rules rigidly?
It can lead to adding too many commas
This can negatively affect the clarity and fluency of the writing.
What can be done to reduce the number of commas in a sentence?
Rephrase or restructure sentences
This approach helps maintain clarity while minimizing comma use.
Why is it important to check a client’s style guide regarding comma usage?
They may have specific advice on when to use commas and when to omit them
This can be very helpful for consistency in writing.
