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Biology 121 > Module 6 PA > Flashcards

Module 6 PA Flashcards

1
Q

Ecological effects

A

Abiotic and biotic factors on biodiversity

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2
Q

Anthropogenic influences

A
  • Habitat destruction
  • invasive species
  • climate change
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3
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions among organisms and their environment that determines their distribution a d balance

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4
Q

3 levels of biodiversity

A
  1. Ecosystem diversity
  2. Species diversity
  3. Genetic diversity
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5
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Describes the variety of habitats present

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6
Q

Species diversity

A

Measure of the number of species and the number of individuals of each species present

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7
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Total amount of genetic variability present

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8
Q

Why do we not the exact number of species

A
  1. species counts may be biased by our tendency to study (or ignore) certain groups of organisms more than others
  2. type of habitats or remote locations may make counting difficult
  3. Small size of organisms can complicate detection/identification of species
    4, Ambiguities in scientific classification impact species count
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9
Q

Discovery of new extant species increases _____________

A

Species diversity in the past

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10
Q

Species are ________ equally distributed throughout the world

A

Not

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11
Q

Biodiversity Hotposts

A

Areas rich in endemic species

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12
Q

How many hot spots are there on earth

A

34

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13
Q

All hotspots are at _______

A

Coastlines

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14
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions among organisms and their environment that determines their distribution and abundance

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15
Q

Distribution and interactions among organisms is effected by

A
  1. Abiotic factors
  2. Biotic factors
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16
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical and chemical (non living) components of the environment

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17
Q

Biotic factors

A

Other Organisms

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18
Q

Terrestrial Environment of abiotic factors

A

Temperature
Precipitation
Sunlight
Wind
Latitude
Altitude
Soil

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19
Q

Aquatic environment of abiotic factors

A

Water temperature
Light penetration
Dissolvef nutrient concentration (especially N and P)
Water currents
Salinity

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20
Q

_____________ can be a limiting resource for ____________ and __________

A

Light can be a limiting resource for plants and algae

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21
Q

light is required for ___________

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Which plant grows in a shady conditions

A

Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis

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23
Q

Tsuga Canadensis

A

Its samplings grow in the understory below the forest canopy

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24
Q

THE EUPHOTIC ZONE

A

the zone of maximum light

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25
Q

Red algae occurs are great depth because they have pigments called

A

Phycoerthrin

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26
Q

phycoeryhtin uses

A

Blue green light

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27
Q

Temperature is an _________

A

Abiotic factor

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28
Q

Most important abiotic factor

A

Temperature

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29
Q

Endothermic

A

Organisms that generates its own internal heat

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30
Q

Examples of endothermic

A

Mammals and birds

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31
Q

Example of ectotherm

A

Snake

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32
Q

Sleepy Lizard

A

Lives in semi arid grasslands habitats of southern Australia
Only active In spring and summer

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33
Q

Coral reefs secrete

A

Calcium Carbonate

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34
Q

Corals are sensitive to both _______ and ________ temperatures

A

Low and High

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35
Q

Shell formation is accelerated at _________

A

High temperatures

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36
Q

Shell formation is suppressed at _________

A

Low temperatures

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37
Q

Cactuses can whit stand _____ night of frost

A

1

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38
Q

Estern Phoebe cannot live in ____

A

Too cold

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39
Q

Extremophiles

A

Organisms that is able to thrive in extreme environment

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40
Q

Most Archaens are __________

A

Extremophiles

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41
Q

High Salt content

A

Halophiles

42
Q

low pH

A

Acidophile

43
Q

High Temperature

A

Hyperthermophiles

44
Q

Low temperatures

A

psyhcophiles

45
Q

Psychophiles kill most _______ and _______

A

bacteria and eukaryotes

46
Q

Sulphur spring

A

low pH

47
Q

sULFOLOUS ACIDOCALDARUIS IS A

A

acidophile
Can survive highly acidic sulphur spring

48
Q

Hot Springs in Yellowstone NP

A

HotThe

49
Q

Thermus aquaticus

A

Thermophilic bacterium

50
Q

Thermphilic bacterium is useful for

A

Biotechnology, as its enzyme Taq polymerase is harvested for use in PCR

51
Q

Symbiosis

A

interactions between 2 types of speciesY

52
Q

Types of Symbiosis

A

Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

53
Q

Commensalism

A

More difficult to demonstrate than mutualism and parasitism

54
Q

Cattle egrets

A

Commensalism
As lifestock grazes on the field, they cause movements that stir up various insects. helps cattle to eat them

55
Q

Titan trigger fish

A

Commensalism
Creates feeding opportunities for smaller fish by moving large rocks too big for them to shift themselves

56
Q

Example of mutualism

A

Clown fish and sea anemone

57
Q

Clown fish and sea anemone

A

Stinging cells of sea anemone does not have an effect of clown fish

58
Q

Clown fish benefits

A

Obtains protection
Food scrapes form sea anemone

59
Q

Sea anemone benefits

A

Obtains protection
Clown fish drives away predators q

60
Q

Relationship between clown fish and sea anemone is influenced by

A

Morphology of anemone
Stripes of clown fish
Anemone toxicity levels
Competition among clown fish

61
Q

African crocodile and Egyptian plover

A

Mutualism
Crocodiles gain a cleaning
Plovers a meal

62
Q

Flowering plant and pollinators

A

Mutualism

63
Q

Defensive mutualism

A

Acacia (defence) and Acacia plants (reward)

64
Q

Acacia ants _______ plant

A

Protect

65
Q

Acacia provides _________ for acacia ants

A

Food source

66
Q

2 things the plant gives the ant

A

Nectaries
Beltian bodies

67
Q

Obligate mutualism

A

one cannot survive without another

68
Q

Example of obligate mutualism

A

Acacia and Acacia plants

69
Q

Facultative mutuals

A

Not fully dependent that each cannot survuve without each other

70
Q

Example of facultative mutualism

A

Honey bees and plants

71
Q

Termite and flagellate

A

Mutualism
Obligate mutualsim

72
Q

Obligate Parasitism

A

A parasite species but it requites one or more host individuals to compete its life cycle

73
Q

Example of Obligate Parasitism

A

Leucochloridium paradoxuM
pARASITIC FLATWORM

74
Q

Facultative Parasitism

A

A parasite is a host but it does not absolutely rely on any host to complete its life cycle

75
Q

Example of Faculative Parasitism

A

Naegleria Fowler (protist)

76
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

A

Brain eating Amoeba
Kills the host

77
Q

Example of Obligate Parasitism

A

Winter ticks on moose

78
Q

Winter ticks on moose

A

Do not kill the host

79
Q

Scientific name of Winter ticks

A

Dermacentor albipicetus

80
Q

relationship between human and leech

A

Obligate parasitism

81
Q

relationship between leech and bacteria

A

Obligate mutualism

82
Q

Competition

A

Contest between two organisms for 1 or more sources

83
Q

two types of competition

A

Intraspecific
Interspecific

84
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Individuals of same species

85
Q

Interspecific competition

A

individuals between different species

86
Q

Competition influences

A

Population development
Reproduction
Survival
Population densities in an area

87
Q

Exploitation Competition

A

Organisms compete indirectly through the consumption of a limited resource

88
Q

Example of exploitation competition

A

Exploitation competition

89
Q

Reduced plant height as density _________

A

Increases

90
Q

Reduced plot mass as density __________

A

Increases

91
Q

Interference composition

A

Intraspecific competition
With fighting

92
Q

in vultures adults are more ________ than juveniles

A

dominant

93
Q

Ecological niche

A

The resources and environment that an organism requires over its life time

94
Q

Fundamental neiche

A

Range of conditions and resourced it could tolerate and use

95
Q

Realized niche

A

the range of conditions and resources it actually uses

96
Q

No two species could coexist

A

there will always be competition

97
Q

Competetive exlusion

A

The inevitable elimination of one species from a habitat by another specced with identical needs for resources

98
Q

Chthalamus

A

Fundamental neiche is bigger

99
Q

2 scenarios of limited resources

A

other species drives the other to local extinction
Natural selection reduces the competition between the species

100
Q

Resource partitioning

A

Sharing so spices can coexist

Biology 121 (10 decks)

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