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Biology 121 > Module 6 PA > Flashcards

Module 6 PA Flashcards

1
Q

Ecological effects

A

Abiotic and biotic factors on biodiversity

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2
Q

Anthropogenic influences

A
  • Habitat destruction
  • invasive species
  • climate change
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3
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions among organisms and their environment that determines their distribution a d balance

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4
Q

3 levels of biodiversity

A
  1. Ecosystem diversity
  2. Species diversity
  3. Genetic diversity
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5
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Describes the variety of habitats present

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6
Q

Species diversity

A

Measure of the number of species and the number of individuals of each species present

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7
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Total amount of genetic variability present

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8
Q

Why do we not the exact number of species

A
  1. species counts may be biased by our tendency to study (or ignore) certain groups of organisms more than others
  2. type of habitats or remote locations may make counting difficult
  3. Small size of organisms can complicate detection/identification of species
    4, Ambiguities in scientific classification impact species count
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9
Q

Discovery of new extant species increases _____________

A

Species diversity in the past

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10
Q

Species are ________ equally distributed throughout the world

A

Not

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11
Q

Biodiversity Hotposts

A

Areas rich in endemic species

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12
Q

How many hot spots are there on earth

A

34

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13
Q

All hotspots are at _______

A

Coastlines

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14
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions among organisms and their environment that determines their distribution and abundance

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15
Q

Distribution and interactions among organisms is effected by

A
  1. Abiotic factors
  2. Biotic factors
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16
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical and chemical (non living) components of the environment

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17
Q

Biotic factors

A

Other Organisms

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18
Q

Terrestrial Environment of abiotic factors

A

Temperature
Precipitation
Sunlight
Wind
Latitude
Altitude
Soil

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19
Q

Aquatic environment of abiotic factors

A

Water temperature
Light penetration
Dissolvef nutrient concentration (especially N and P)
Water currents
Salinity

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20
Q

_____________ can be a limiting resource for ____________ and __________

A

Light can be a limiting resource for plants and algae

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21
Q

light is required for ___________

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Which plant grows in a shady conditions

A

Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis

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23
Q

Tsuga Canadensis

A

Its samplings grow in the understory below the forest canopy

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24
Q

THE EUPHOTIC ZONE

A

the zone of maximum light

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25
Red algae occurs are great depth because they have pigments called
Phycoerthrin
26
phycoeryhtin uses
Blue green light
27
Temperature is an _________
Abiotic factor
28
Most important abiotic factor
Temperature
29
Endothermic
Organisms that generates its own internal heat
30
Examples of endothermic
Mammals and birds
31
Example of ectotherm
Snake
32
Sleepy Lizard
Lives in semi arid grasslands habitats of southern Australia Only active In spring and summer
33
Coral reefs secrete
Calcium Carbonate
34
Corals are sensitive to both _______ and ________ temperatures
Low and High
35
Shell formation is accelerated at _________
High temperatures
36
Shell formation is suppressed at _________
Low temperatures
37
Cactuses can whit stand _____ night of frost
1
38
Estern Phoebe cannot live in ____
Too cold
39
Extremophiles
Organisms that is able to thrive in extreme environment
40
Most Archaens are __________
Extremophiles
41
High Salt content
Halophiles
42
low pH
Acidophile
43
High Temperature
Hyperthermophiles
44
Low temperatures
psyhcophiles
45
Psychophiles kill most _______ and _______
bacteria and eukaryotes
46
Sulphur spring
low pH
47
sULFOLOUS ACIDOCALDARUIS IS A
acidophile Can survive highly acidic sulphur spring
48
Hot Springs in Yellowstone NP
HotThe
49
Thermus aquaticus
Thermophilic bacterium
50
Thermphilic bacterium is useful for
Biotechnology, as its enzyme Taq polymerase is harvested for use in PCR
51
Symbiosis
interactions between 2 types of speciesY
52
Types of Symbiosis
Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism
53
Commensalism
More difficult to demonstrate than mutualism and parasitism
54
Cattle egrets
Commensalism As lifestock grazes on the field, they cause movements that stir up various insects. helps cattle to eat them
55
Titan trigger fish
Commensalism Creates feeding opportunities for smaller fish by moving large rocks too big for them to shift themselves
56
Example of mutualism
Clown fish and sea anemone
57
Clown fish and sea anemone
Stinging cells of sea anemone does not have an effect of clown fish
58
Clown fish benefits
Obtains protection Food scrapes form sea anemone
59
Sea anemone benefits
Obtains protection Clown fish drives away predators q
60
Relationship between clown fish and sea anemone is influenced by
Morphology of anemone Stripes of clown fish Anemone toxicity levels Competition among clown fish
61
African crocodile and Egyptian plover
Mutualism Crocodiles gain a cleaning Plovers a meal
62
Flowering plant and pollinators
Mutualism
63
Defensive mutualism
Acacia (defence) and Acacia plants (reward)
64
Acacia ants _______ plant
Protect
65
Acacia provides _________ for acacia ants
Food source
66
2 things the plant gives the ant
Nectaries Beltian bodies
67
Obligate mutualism
one cannot survive without another
68
Example of obligate mutualism
Acacia and Acacia plants
69
Facultative mutuals
Not fully dependent that each cannot survuve without each other
70
Example of facultative mutualism
Honey bees and plants
71
Termite and flagellate
Mutualism Obligate mutualsim
72
Obligate Parasitism
A parasite species but it requites one or more host individuals to compete its life cycle
73
Example of Obligate Parasitism
Leucochloridium paradoxuM pARASITIC FLATWORM
74
Facultative Parasitism
A parasite is a host but it does not absolutely rely on any host to complete its life cycle
75
Example of Faculative Parasitism
Naegleria Fowler (protist)
76
Naegleria Fowleri
Brain eating Amoeba Kills the host
77
Example of Obligate Parasitism
Winter ticks on moose
78
Winter ticks on moose
Do not kill the host
79
Scientific name of Winter ticks
Dermacentor albipicetus
80
relationship between human and leech
Obligate parasitism
81
relationship between leech and bacteria
Obligate mutualism
82
Competition
Contest between two organisms for 1 or more sources
83
two types of competition
Intraspecific Interspecific
84
Intraspecific competition
Individuals of same species
85
Interspecific competition
individuals between different species
86
Competition influences
Population development Reproduction Survival Population densities in an area
87
Exploitation Competition
Organisms compete indirectly through the consumption of a limited resource
88
Example of exploitation competition
Exploitation competition
89
Reduced plant height as density _________
Increases
90
Reduced plot mass as density __________
Increases
91
Interference composition
Intraspecific competition With fighting
92
in vultures adults are more ________ than juveniles
dominant
93
Ecological niche
The resources and environment that an organism requires over its life time
94
Fundamental neiche
Range of conditions and resourced it could tolerate and use
95
Realized niche
the range of conditions and resources it actually uses
96
No two species could coexist
there will always be competition
97
Competetive exlusion
The inevitable elimination of one species from a habitat by another specced with identical needs for resources
98
Chthalamus
Fundamental neiche is bigger
99
2 scenarios of limited resources
other species drives the other to local extinction Natural selection reduces the competition between the species
100
Resource partitioning
Sharing so spices can coexist

Biology 121 (10 decks)

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