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Biology 121 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Adaptation

A

An anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioural trait of an organism

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2
Q

What does biological adaptation do?

A

Increases its long term reproductive success along multiple generations

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3
Q

Marine Iguana

A

Reptile that spends part of its time in the sea

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4
Q

laterally flattened tails

A

Assist marine iguanas in swimming

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5
Q

Powerful limbs with strong claws

A

Hold on rocks for marine iguanas

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6
Q

Blunt Noses

A

For Grazing on seaweed

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7
Q

only lizard that feeds in the sea

A

Marine Iguana
- Getting rid of salt is the key adaptation

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8
Q

Salt Gland

A
  • Marine Iguana
  • Under skin, between eyes and nostril on each side of the head
  • ejects salt by a “sneezing” action
  • Spray often forms the white “wig”
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9
Q

What is Biology?

A

Scientific study of life/living things

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10
Q

Endemic species

A

Live in only one or a very small number of placed

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11
Q

There are more endemic species of:

A

Snails, plants, insects, reptiles, birds and mammals

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12
Q

Cosmopolitan Species

A

That occur in most/many regions of the world

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13
Q

What is the blue footed booby adapted to?

A

diving into water

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14
Q

Adaptations of Blue Footed Booby

A

-Streamlined shape, large tail, and nostrils that closed
- Large, webbed feet propel the bird through water at high speeds
- specialized salt secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea

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15
Q

What does the blue footed booby use the uropygial glad for

A

Waterproofing

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16
Q

What are Greater Frigates Adapted to?

A

Aerial Life

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17
Q

Adaptations of Greater Frigates

A

-Huge wings needed to fly and saw
-Tiny unwebbed feet
-Vestigial Uropygial glad (Waterproofing unnecesaary)

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18
Q

Galpagos Nudibranch

A

-Type of a sea slug
-Has 5 Cerata
Cephalic (oral) tentacles
Endemic to Galapagos islands

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19
Q

Interspecific differences

A

Between amongst different species

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20
Q

Adaptations of Nudibranch

A

-Usually brightly coloured to advertise to predators that they are unpalatable
- chemical defences for protection

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21
Q

Red Sponge Nudibranch

A

Brightly coloured (red) but NOT to advertise to predators
- colour is used for camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges

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22
Q

Adaptations of Red Sponge Nudibranch

A

Some utlilyze undischarged nematocysts from their prey

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23
Q

nematocysts

A

Stinging cells

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24
Q

Rhinophores

A

Sensory tentacles

25
Cerata
Primary Function: gas exchange Secondary Function : Defence (some species)
26
An anatomical structure can have more than _______ function
one
27
Adaptations of Nudibranch
Usually brightly coloured to adverise to predators that they are chemical defences for protection
28
Red sponge Nudibranch
Brightly colured (red) but not to advertise to predators
29
Why is colour used in the red nudibranch
Colour is used to camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges
30
Two funtions of cerata
Gas exchange Defense (Some species)
31
Structural Adaptation
Morohological / physical structures of an organism
32
Physiological Adaptation
Chemical changes in the organism
33
Behavioural Adaptation
Responses by an animal to external stimulus
34
What is the unifying principle of biology
Evolution
35
Natural History
The study of natural objects
36
Who is the father of biology
Aristotle
37
Natural History
Study of Natural objects
38
What are some of the things that Aristotle did
Metabolism Temperature regulation Information processing Embryonic development Inheritance Examined the development of chicken eggs
39
Theophastrus
Father of botany Described 500 different types of plants and divided them into trees herbs abd shrubs
40
Gaius Plinus Secundus
Roman naturalist Origin of first encyclopedias
41
Reverend Gilbert White
First person to loosely study the behaviour of swifts and house martins
42
In 18th and 19th Century what was natural history replaced with
Zoology Botany
43
Who defined the term biology
Jean Baptise Lamark
44
Antonie van leeuwenhoek
Father of microbiology
45
Carolus Linnaeus
Father of taxonomy
46
Georges Cuvier
Father of paleontology
47
Charles Darwin
Father of evolution
48
Alfred Wallace
Father of biogeography
49
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
50
Forst person to apply empirical methods and scientific method
Aristotle
51
Empirical method
Collection of data on which to base a scientific theory or derive a conclusion in science
52
Deductive reasoning
Specific observations are predicted from a general premise
53
Inductive reasoning
General conclusions are drawn from specific observations
54
What do good hypotheses have
Testable and falsifiable
55
Adaptations of polar bear
Lives in cold temperatures Moving across snow, ice and open water Hunt for prey
56
What is an adaptation
Evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habiatat
57
What is unique about the eyes of a polar bear
Small eyes (Reduce risk of now blindness) They have a clear inner eyelid (nicitating membrane) that protects their eyes and serves as second lens when they are under water Reduces direct contact by sunlight
58
What kind of species is polar bear
Extant Keystone specie Largest living land carnivore
59
Keystone species
Upsets ecosystem if disrupted

Biology 121 (10 decks)

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