Module 1 Flashcards
Biological Adaptation
An anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioural trait of an organism
What does biological adaptation do?
Increases its long term reproductive success along multiple generations
Marine Iguana
Reptile that spends part of its time in the sea
laterally flattened tails
Assist marine iguanas in swimming
Powerful limbs with strong claws
Hold on rocks for marine iguanas
Blunt Noses
For Grazing on seaweed
only lizard that feeds in the sea
Marine Iguana
- Getting rid of salt is the key adaptation
Salt Gland
- Marine Iguana
- Under skin, between eyes and nostril on each side of the head
- ejects salt by a “sneezing” action
- Spray often forms the white “wig”
What is Biology?
Scientific study of life/living things
Endemic species
Live in only one or a very small number of placed
There are more endemic species of:
Snails, plants, insects, reptiles, birds and mammals
Cosmopolitan Species
That occur in most/many regions of the world
What is the blue footed booby adapted to?
diving into water
Adaptations of Blue Footed Booby
-Streamlined shape, large tail, and nostrils that closed
- Large, webbed feet propel the bird through water at high speeds
- specialized salt secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea
What does the blue footed booby use the uropygial glad for
Waterproofing
What are Greater Frigates Adapted to?
Aerial Life
Adaptations of Greater Frigates
-Huge wings needed to fly and saw
-Tiny unwebbed feet
-Vestigial Uropygial glad (Waterproofing unnecesaary)
Galpagos Nudibranch
-Type of a sea slug
-Has 5 Cerata
Cephalic (oral) tentacles
Endemic to Galapagos islands
Interspecific differences
Between amongst different species
Adaptations of Nudibranch
-Usually brightly coloured to advertise to predators that they are unpalatable
- chemical defences for protection
Red Sponge Nudibranch
Brightly coloured (red) but NOT to advertise to predators
- colour is used for camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges
Adaptations of Red Sponge Nudibranch
Some utlilyze undischarged nematocysts from their prey
nematocysts
Stinging cells
Rhinophores
Sensory tentacles
Cerata
Primary Function: gas exchange
Secondary Function : Defence (some species)
An anatomical structure can have more than _______ function
one
Adaptations of Nudibranch
Usually brightly coloured to adverise to predators that they are chemical defences for protection
Red sponge Nudibranch
Brightly colured (red) but not to advertise to predators
Why is colour used in the red nudibranch
Colour is used to camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges
Two funtions of cerata
Gas exchange
Defense (Some species)
Structural Adaptation
Morohological / physical structures of an organism
Physiological Adaptation
Chemical changes in the organism
Behavioural Adaptation
Responses by an animal to external stimulus
What is the unifying principle of biology
Evolution
Natural History
The study of natural objects
Who is the father of biology
Aristotle
Natural History
Study of Natural objects
What are some of the things that Aristotle did
Metabolism
Temperature regulation
Information processing
Embryonic development
Inheritance
Examined the development of chicken eggs
Theophastrus
Father of botany
Described 500 different types of plants and divided them into trees herbs abd shrubs
Gaius Plinus Secundus
Roman naturalist
Origin of first encyclopedias
Reverend Gilbert White
First person to loosely study the behaviour of swifts and house martins
In 18th and 19th Century what was natural history replaced with
Zoology
Botany
Who defined the term biology
Jean Baptise Lamark
Antonie van leeuwenhoek
Father of microbiology
Carolus Linnaeus
Father of taxonomy
Georges Cuvier
Father of paleontology
Charles Darwin
Father of evolution
Alfred Wallace
Father of biogeography
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
Forst person to apply empirical methods and scientific method
Aristotle
Empirical method
Collection of data on which to base a scientific theory or derive a conclusion in science
Deductive reasoning
Specific observations are predicted from a general premise
Inductive reasoning
General conclusions are drawn from specific observations
What do good hypotheses have
Testable and falsifiable
Adaptations of polar bear
Lives in cold temperatures
Moving across snow, ice and open water
Hunt for prey
What is an adaptation
Evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habiatat
What is unique about the eyes of a polar bear
Small eyes (Reduce risk of now blindness)
They have a clear inner eyelid (nicitating membrane) that protects their eyes and serves as second lens when they are under water
Reduces direct contact by sunlight
What kind of species is polar bear
Extant
Keystone specie
Largest living land carnivore
Keystone species
Upsets ecosystem if disrupted
