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Biology 121 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Adaptation

A

An anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioural trait of an organism

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2
Q

What does biological adaptation do?

A

Increases its long term reproductive success along multiple generations

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3
Q

Marine Iguana

A

Reptile that spends part of its time in the sea

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4
Q

laterally flattened tails

A

Assist marine iguanas in swimming

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5
Q

Powerful limbs with strong claws

A

Hold on rocks for marine iguanas

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6
Q

Blunt Noses

A

For Grazing on seaweed

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7
Q

only lizard that feeds in the sea

A

Marine Iguana
- Getting rid of salt is the key adaptation

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8
Q

Salt Gland

A
  • Marine Iguana
  • Under skin, between eyes and nostril on each side of the head
  • ejects salt by a “sneezing” action
  • Spray often forms the white “wig”
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9
Q

What is Biology?

A

Scientific study of life/living things

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10
Q

Endemic species

A

Live in only one or a very small number of placed

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11
Q

There are more endemic species of:

A

Snails, plants, insects, reptiles, birds and mammals

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12
Q

Cosmopolitan Species

A

That occur in most/many regions of the world

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13
Q

What is the blue footed booby adapted to?

A

diving into water

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14
Q

Adaptations of Blue Footed Booby

A

-Streamlined shape, large tail, and nostrils that closed
- Large, webbed feet propel the bird through water at high speeds
- specialized salt secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea

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15
Q

What does the blue footed booby use the uropygial glad for

A

Waterproofing

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16
Q

What are Greater Frigates Adapted to?

A

Aerial Life

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17
Q

Adaptations of Greater Frigates

A

-Huge wings needed to fly and saw
-Tiny unwebbed feet
-Vestigial Uropygial glad (Waterproofing unnecesaary)

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18
Q

Galpagos Nudibranch

A

-Type of a sea slug
-Has 5 Cerata
Cephalic (oral) tentacles
Endemic to Galapagos islands

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19
Q

Interspecific differences

A

Between amongst different species

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20
Q

Adaptations of Nudibranch

A

-Usually brightly coloured to advertise to predators that they are unpalatable
- chemical defences for protection

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21
Q

Red Sponge Nudibranch

A

Brightly coloured (red) but NOT to advertise to predators
- colour is used for camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges

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22
Q

Adaptations of Red Sponge Nudibranch

A

Some utlilyze undischarged nematocysts from their prey

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23
Q

nematocysts

A

Stinging cells

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24
Q

Rhinophores

A

Sensory tentacles

25
Q

Cerata

A

Primary Function: gas exchange
Secondary Function : Defence (some species)

26
Q

An anatomical structure can have more than _______ function

A

one

27
Q

Adaptations of Nudibranch

A

Usually brightly coloured to adverise to predators that they are chemical defences for protection

28
Q

Red sponge Nudibranch

A

Brightly colured (red) but not to advertise to predators

29
Q

Why is colour used in the red nudibranch

A

Colour is used to camoflauge when they are living on red and orange sponges

30
Q

Two funtions of cerata

A

Gas exchange
Defense (Some species)

31
Q

Structural Adaptation

A

Morohological / physical structures of an organism

32
Q

Physiological Adaptation

A

Chemical changes in the organism

33
Q

Behavioural Adaptation

A

Responses by an animal to external stimulus

34
Q

What is the unifying principle of biology

A

Evolution

35
Q

Natural History

A

The study of natural objects

36
Q

Who is the father of biology

A

Aristotle

37
Q

Natural History

A

Study of Natural objects

38
Q

What are some of the things that Aristotle did

A

Metabolism
Temperature regulation
Information processing
Embryonic development
Inheritance
Examined the development of chicken eggs

39
Q

Theophastrus

A

Father of botany

Described 500 different types of plants and divided them into trees herbs abd shrubs

40
Q

Gaius Plinus Secundus

A

Roman naturalist
Origin of first encyclopedias

41
Q

Reverend Gilbert White

A

First person to loosely study the behaviour of swifts and house martins

42
Q

In 18th and 19th Century what was natural history replaced with

A

Zoology
Botany

43
Q

Who defined the term biology

A

Jean Baptise Lamark

44
Q

Antonie van leeuwenhoek

A

Father of microbiology

45
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Father of taxonomy

46
Q

Georges Cuvier

A

Father of paleontology

47
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Father of evolution

48
Q

Alfred Wallace

A

Father of biogeography

49
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of genetics

50
Q

Forst person to apply empirical methods and scientific method

A

Aristotle

51
Q

Empirical method

A

Collection of data on which to base a scientific theory or derive a conclusion in science

52
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Specific observations are predicted from a general premise

53
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

General conclusions are drawn from specific observations

54
Q

What do good hypotheses have

A

Testable and falsifiable

55
Q

Adaptations of polar bear

A

Lives in cold temperatures
Moving across snow, ice and open water
Hunt for prey

56
Q

What is an adaptation

A

Evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habiatat

57
Q

What is unique about the eyes of a polar bear

A

Small eyes (Reduce risk of now blindness)
They have a clear inner eyelid (nicitating membrane) that protects their eyes and serves as second lens when they are under water
Reduces direct contact by sunlight

58
Q

What kind of species is polar bear

A

Extant
Keystone specie
Largest living land carnivore

59
Q

Keystone species

A

Upsets ecosystem if disrupted

Biology 121 (10 decks)

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