Module 2 Part B Flashcards
Amazon Molly
Freshwater fish
Reproduction by Parthenogenesis
Habitat of Amazon molly
Freshwater
Why is Amazon Molly Fascinating
It is a tribe of all females
How do amazon molly reproduce without males
Ancestors of molly produced from hybridzation
Salifin molly and Shorfin molly
Salifin molly and Shortfin molly
Mate to form amazon molly
Have both sexes
Amazon molly mates with one of these males and recieve sperm to serve and activate the diploid egg to develop
All offspring of amazon molly are
Genetically identical to the mother
Sympatry
Zone of co existence `
Apomixis
In plants
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
Example of Apomixis
Dandelion
Dandelion
Apomixis
Seeds production without pollination
Sexual Reproduction (Plants and Animals)
Production of new individuals by the joining of gametes to form a zygote by the process of fertilization
Diploid - Meiosis - Haploid - Fertilization
Difference between Desert grassland whiptail lizards and green plated lizards
Desert grasland: Clones (Parthnogenesis)
Green plated: Genetic Variation (Sexual reproduction)
Self fertilization
Have eggs and polon within itself
Cross fertilization
Polon (Sperm) is carried by wind or bird to fertilize the egg
Two types of cross fertilization
External fertilization
Internal Fertilization
External Fertilization
Frogs
Release eggs into the enviroment
Internal Fertlization
Mammals
Sperm release into the female
Hermaphrodites
Both male and female sex organs
Which RO’s are hermaphrodites
Coomon earthworms
Planaria
Planaria
hermaphrodites
Main cross fertilization but rarely self fertilization
Sequential Hermaphroditism
Individuals begin life as one sex and change later
Example of Sequential hermaphroditism
Clown fish
Individuals begin life as males and some then change to become females
Loss of dominant female provides a stimulus for a sex chnage in her male partner
Sexual Reproduction (Bacteria, protists and fungi)
No male and female reproductive structures
Have different mating types (+/- or donor/recepient cells)
Production of a new individual by the echnage of genetic material from 2 individuals of different mating types
Conjugation
Two organisms fuse along a common surface and exchnage genetic material
Whats unique about conjugation
No Increase in the number of individuals
Examples of conjugation
Spirogyra and Paramecium
7 characteristics of life
One or more cells
Constant input of energy/raw materials
conduct metabolism
grow/develop
exhibit homeostasis
make short term responses to stimuli
reproduce
Virsues
Very small
Consists of genetic material
do not contain all4 biomolucles
No cellular structure
Unable to replicate
CANNOT REPRODUCE
Pathogenic
What protects a virus
Protective protein coat called a capsid
Viroids
Infectious particle of plants
No cellular structure
Depend upon enzymes of plant host for replication
Lack proteins
Consist of a small RNA molecule
RNA of viroids
RNA of viroids do not code for any proteins
Prions
Non living entities
More simple than viruses
Are PROTEINS
Lack heredity material
No cellular strucute
Infectious agent
Water is the
matrix of life
Water moves from
Low solute concentration to High Solute concentration
Contractile Vacuole
Found in Paramecium and Amoeba
Pumps out excess water via pores in cytoplasm
Dehydration
Loss of body fluids below normal range
Water loss could be due to
Respiration
Adaptations of a camel
Pads on feet for walking on hot soft sand toes spread apart for better grip
Long strong legs for carrying load on back and keeping body furthur away from sand
hard fat layer of skin around stomach and thick leathery pathes on knee protects camel from extreme heat while seating on sand
Long eye lids with double lashes reduce sand in eyes
thick split lips to eat thorny desert plants
Hump
Storage area for fat supply in times of need - Metabolic water
2times water produced by metabolizing fat rather than any other
Other Adaptations to avoid dehydration: Camel
Thick fur insulates bodyagainst extremes of hear during day and cold at night
Camels regulate their body temperature
Can rehydrate very quickly
Lock intestine for reabsorbing water
Concentrated urine (preventing water loss)
How does camel regulate body temperature
An enviroment temperature increase, the camel can raise its body temperature, preventing sweating and thus prevents water loss
