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Patho > Module 6 - Distribution of Fluids in the body > Flashcards

Module 6 - Distribution of Fluids in the body Flashcards

1
Q

Body Fluids are made of

A

water and solute

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2
Q

what is the total water in an adult make?

A

40 liters

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3
Q

What do body fluids do?

A

continuously surround the cells, transports nutrients, oxygen, and enzymes, and carry metabolic waste outside of the cell

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4
Q

What are body fluids responsible for?

A

temperature regulation, digestion, joint lubrication, skin integrity, internal body pressure, and blood pressure

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5
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside of the cell

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6
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid inside the cells

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7
Q

osmosis of fluids is used to…

A

maintain equal amounts of fluid in extracellular and intracellular fluids

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8
Q

what fluid makes up 1/3 of all fluids? how many liters is that?

A

Extracellular fluid, 15 L

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9
Q

Intravascular fluid
-what type of fluid is this?
-what is it made of?
-how many liters is it?

A

-major extracellular fluid
-made up of blood plasma and lymph
-makes up 3 liters

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10
Q

Interstitial Fluid
-What kind of fluid is this?
-Where is it?
-How many liters does it make up?

A

-Major extracellular fluid
-in between the cells
- 12 L

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11
Q

Transcellular fluid
-What kind of fluid is it?
-Which fluids fit into this catagory?

A

-minor extracellular fluid
-small amounts of spinal, peritoneal, synovial, and pleural fluid

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12
Q

What fluid makes up 2/3 of the total body fluid? and how many liters is that?

A

intracellular fluid, 25 L

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13
Q

What does intracellular fluid do?

A

dissolves minerals and salts for chemical reactions

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14
Q

What is third spacing of fluid

A

fluid that moves out of circulation and into body cavities or tissues, trapping it and making it non-retrievable for functional use

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15
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

A

This process helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance by adjusting blood vessel constriction and kidney function in response to changes in blood volume and pressure using aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

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16
Q

Renin and Angiotensin part of RAAS

A
  1. Low Blood Pressure Detection:

Kidneys detect low blood volume or blood pressure.

  1. Renin Secretion:

Kidneys secrete renin.

  1. Formation of Angiotensin I:

Renin converts angiotensinogen (from the liver) into angiotensin I.

  1. Conversion to Angiotensin II:

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by the enzyme ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme).

  1. Effects of Angiotensin II:

Vasoconstriction: Constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure.

Aldosterone Release: Stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone.

  1. Aldosterone Action:

Kidney Function: Promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to water reabsorption.

Increased Blood Volume: Results in increased blood pressure

17
Q

Antidiuretic part fo RAAS

A
  1. ADH Release:

Released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to low blood volume or high blood osmolarity.

  1. ADH Action:

Vasoconstriction: Constricts arteries and capillaries.

Kidney Function: Directs kidneys to retain water, with water reabsorption following sodium.

  1. Baroreceptor Stimulation:

Baroreceptors detect changes in blood volume and pressure, stimulating ADH release and triggering thirst.

  1. Feedback Mechanism:

Increased Blood Pressure: Reduces the production of renin.

Water Balance: Maintains adequate water levels in the body.

18
Q

What is the total body water of an infant

A

75%-80%

19
Q

how much does total body water decreased after birth?

A

to 67%

20
Q

why are infants more vulnerable to changes in TBW

A

they have a high metabolic rate and greater body surface area

21
Q

Infants have brown fat, which makes them have more…

A

water due to brown fat being more lean

22
Q

what is the % of TBW loss that can be life threatening?

A

15%

23
Q

What is the TBW of an adult

A

60%-65%

24
Q

how much more body fat do women have compared to men

A

10%

25
Q

Why do men have more TBW?

A

they have more lean muscle which hold more water

26
Q

why do older adults experience a great TWB loss

A

because their fat stores decrease along with their muscle mass

27
Q

Where is there significant water loss in older adults? what is the result?

A

The intervertebral disks of the spinal column contain significant water. As people age and lose water, the disks shrink and people get shorter

28
Q

when muscle mass decreases what are the results

A

Decreased total body water occurs
Increased risk of dehydration occurs

29
Q

When the thirst reflex is decreased due to changes in the hypothalamus and baroreceptors what are the results?

A

Decreased fluid intake occurs
Increased risk of dehydration occurs

30
Q

When the adrenal gland start to atrophy and become hypofunctioning what are the results

A

Poor regulation of sodium and potassium occurs
Increased risk of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia occurs

Patho (19 decks)

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