Module 2 Flashcards
Pathophysiology
the study of physiological, or functional, changes in the body as a result from a disease
Pathology
the medical discipline that focuses on the diagnosis of the disease
Physiology
the discipline of how the body functions
Disease and abnormal conditions change the body on a…
microscopic and cellular level
State of health looks at
physical, mental and social well-being
Someone who is blind might have good overall health - meaning their state of health is good
Someone else who has smoked for 60 years, but can still see, might have poor health
Homeostasis
maintenance of a stable environment within the body that is not affected by external changes or factors
Disease starts when
homeostasis can not be maintained
Normal limits
are values that represent the average vitals signs for an average person, depending on age, gender, activity level, and environment
Normal limits can be used to
establish a state of health or illness pertaining to blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and temperature.
Disease
is a deviation from the normal limit, structure, or function of any part of the body
Diagnosis
the identification and classification of a specific disease
Earlier and accurate diagnosis helps the patient…
recover or control the disease
A diagnosis must come from a health professional after…
a series of tests and extensive observation.
Biopsy
a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it can be tested in a laboratory
Autopsy
a postmortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.
Clinical Manifestation
he signs and symptoms of a disease
Signs
an objective indicator of a disease or condition that can be observed by a medical professional during a physical exam or test
Symptoms
a subjective experience that a person feels or experiences that may indicate a disease or condition
Evidence based-practice
the act of using the most current and best evidence, data, or information for making decisions about patient care
Evidence based practices can be found in research trials, clinicals guidelines, medical publications, and other credible sources
Etiology
the study of causative factors of disease
Etiology agents are split into 10 categories
congenital defects, inherited or genetic disorders, microorganisms, immunologic dysfunctions, metabolic derangements, degenerative changes, malignancy, burns and other traumas, environmental factors, and nutritional deficiencies
Idiotpathic
cause is unknown
Iatrogenic
caused by medical error, treatment, or procedure
Predisposing factors
characteristic of a person or population that increased or decreases the risk of disease
such as Age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposure, and diet, behavior
Factors are usually non-modifiable
Patients assessments often show predisposing factors, so it is important to educate patients on them so they can modify their behavior in order to maintain good health
Prophylaxis
attempting to prevent disease as well as maintaining good health
Epidemiology
the science of identifying and studying the pattern or occurrences of disease
Helps control infectious disease and outbreaks
incidence
indicated the number of new cases in a given population noted with in a stated time period
Prevalence
the number of new and old or existing cases with in a specific population and time period
Notifiable disease are important to report so there is accurate data for epidemiology
Pathogenesis
the development of the disease, or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the disease
Onset
the way in which the disease forms
Acute
(sudden) short term illness that developed quick w/ obvious signs and symptoms
Chronic
(insidious) a condition that developed gradually and persists for a long time
Subclinical
a state in which pathological changes occur, but the patient does not exhibit any obvious manifestations
Laten
a stage of disease in which no clinical signs are presenting, can last for days or weeks
Prodromal
the early development of a disease when the patient notices a change in the body, but the signs or symptoms are nonspecific
Manifestation
clinical evidence or effect of a disease
local manifestation
found at the site of the problem
Systemic manifestation
general indicator of illness
remission
the signs and symptoms of a disease subside
Exacerbations
the signs and symptoms of a disease increase
Precipitating factor
a condition that triggers an acute episode related to a disease
Complications
additional problems that arise after the onset of the disease
Therapy (therapeutic intervention)
treatment measures that promote recovery or slow the disease
Sequelae
the possible unwanted outcome of the disease
Convalescence (rehabilitation)
a period of recover where the patient works to return to their normal state of health
Epidemic
a widespread occurrence of a disease in which there is a higher numbers of cases than expected with in a given area
Pandemic
the occurrence of disease that impacts larger number and cases in many regions around the world
Endemic
a high occurrence of disease in one given area
Prognosis
the probability or likelihood of recovery or other outcomes
Morbidity
the measure of disease within a group or geological area
Mortality
the number of deaths within a group or geological area that results from a particular disease or issue
