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BMSC > Module 6 - 4 > Flashcards

Module 6 - 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are serine proteases?

A

Enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.

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2
Q

What is the function of zymogens?

A

To prevent damage to cellular proteins.

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3
Q

How are zymogens activated?

A

By selective proteolysis.

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4
Q

What is the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases?

A

Contains elements of both covalent and acid-base catalysis.

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5
Q

What is the substrate specificity of thrombin?

A

Cleaves Arg-Gly bonds.

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6
Q

What is the substrate specificity of trypsin?

A

Cleaves by Lys and Arg.

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7
Q

What is the substrate specificity of chymotrypsin?

A

Cleaves by Phe, Tyr or Met.

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8
Q

What is the substrate specificity of elastase?

A

Cleaves by Gly and Ala.

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9
Q

What is the substrate specificity of papain?

A

Cuts all peptide bonds.

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10
Q

What is the catalytic triad of serine proteases?

A

A conserved mechanism based on Asp, His, Ser residues.

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11
Q

What is the role of His in the catalytic triad?

A

Accepts and donates a proton in acid-base catalysis.

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12
Q

What is the role of Asp in the catalytic triad?

A

Stabilizes the positively-charged His.

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13
Q

What is the role of Ser in the catalytic triad?

A

Attacks the carbonyl group of the peptide bond.

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14
Q

What is the overview of the chymotrypsin mechanism?

A

Two-phase mechanism involving acid-base and covalent catalysis.

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15
Q

What happens in Phase I of the chymotrypsin mechanism?

A

Histidine acts as a base to activate the oxygen of the hydroxyl group of Ser.

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16
Q

What happens in Step 2 of Phase I of the chymotrypsin mechanism?

A

Formation of a covalent linkage between Ser and the carbonyl carbon of the peptide bond.

17
Q

What happens in Step 3 of Phase I of the chymotrypsin mechanism?

A

Histidine acts as an acid to cut the substrate peptide into two pieces.

18
Q

What happens in Phase II of the chymotrypsin mechanism?

A

Histidine acts as a base to activate a water molecule.

19
Q

What is Step 2 in enzyme catalysis?

A

Activated water molecule attacks covalent linkage.

20
Q

What is Step 3 in enzyme catalysis?

A

Histidine acts as an acid to donate a proton.

21
Q

What type of water molecule is involved in Step 2?

A

Covalently activated water molecule.

22
Q

What is the role of histidine in Step 3?

A

Acts as an acid to donate a proton.

BMSC (19 decks)

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