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BMSC > Module 10 - 1 > Flashcards

Module 10 - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physiological roles of nucleotides?

A

Energy currency (ATP), signaling molecules (cAMP), enzyme co-factors (NAD, FAD), building blocks of nucleic acids.

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2
Q

What are the physiological roles of nucleic acids?

A

Genetic information (DNA,RNA), all stages of protein synthesis (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).

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3
Q

Nucleotides are the building blocks of what?

A

Nucleic acids

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4
Q

What are the three components of nucleotides?

A

Ribose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), phosphate(s).

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5
Q

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

(RNA) Ribose is in a cyclized form (β-D-ribofuranose), while (DNA) deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom instead of a hydroxyl group on the 2’ carbon.

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6
Q

What are the two families of nitrogenous bases?

A

Purines and pyrimidines.

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7
Q

Characteristics of Pyrimidines

A

They have a single ring

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8
Q

Characteristics of Purines

A

they have a two ring system.

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9
Q

How does DNA differ from RNA?

A

DNA thymine and RNA has uracil

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10
Q

What are the five standard nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil.

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11
Q

How do nitrogenous bases link to ribose?

A

Through N-glycosidic bonds.

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12
Q

Where do all nitrogenous bases link to the sugar?

A

To the C1’

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13
Q

Where does the N-glycosidic bond form in purines?

A

N9 of the nitrogenous base.

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14
Q

Where does the N-glycosidic bond form in pyrimidines?

A

N1 of the nitrogenous base.

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15
Q

What is the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?

A

Nucleotides have 1-3 phosphates on the 5’ position (one (NMP), two (NDP), three (NTP)), while nucleosides do not have any phosphates.

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16
Q

What is the nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides based on?

A

The nitrogenous base present, whether the sugar is ribose or deoxyribose, and whether there are phosphoryl groups.

17
Q

What is the structure of ribose within nucleotides?

A

β-D-ribofuranose.

18
Q

What is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of sugar?

A

RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose.

19
Q

What is the difference between the fourth nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA?

A

DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil.

20
Q

What is the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?

A

Nucleotides are phosphorylated nucleosides.

21
Q

What is the difference between NDP and NTP?

A

NDP has two phosphates on the 5’ position, while NTP has three phosphates on the 5’ position.

22
Q

What is the difference between NMP and NDP?

A

NMP has one phosphate on the 5’ position, while NDP has two phosphates on the 5’ position.

23
Q

What is the alternate method for naming nucleotides?

A

Number and position of phosphoryl groups

24
Q

What is the physiological role of nucleotides?

A

Energy transfer and signal transduction

25
Q

Describe energy transfer of nucleotides

A

Anhydride linkages in ATP are high energy bonds. The energy released from hydrolysis of these bonds drives many biochemical reactions.

26
Q

Describe signal transduction of nucleotides

A

Cyclic AMP, formed from ATP in a reaction catalyzed by adenylyl cyclase. Common intracellular messenger produced in response to hormones.

27
Q

What type of linkage is formed by nucleotides in nucleic acids?

A

3’-5’ phosphodiester linkages

28
Q

Are 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds identical in DNA and RNA?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is the backbone of nucleic acids

A

The strands of sugars linked by phosphodiester bridges

30
Q

What do all nucleotides contain?

A

A ribose backbone

31
Q

What are the purine nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Guanine

32
Q

What are the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases?

A

Cytosine, uracil, thymine

33
Q

Characteristics of nitrogenous bases?

A

They are planar and relatively non-polar

34
Q

What does the suffix “osine”

A

It is a nucleoside

35
Q

What does the suffix “ylate” mean

A

It is a nucleotide

36
Q

What is a nucleoside?

A

A compound consisting of a purine or a pyrimidine base covalently linked to a pentose

BMSC (19 decks)

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