Module 10 - 5 Flashcards
`What are introns?
Non-coding intervening sequences in eukaryotic genes.
What are exons?
Regions of eukaryotic genes that contain protein-coding information.
How do introns affect mRNA?
Introns are removed from mRNA prior to translation.
What is the functional advantage of introns?
Multiple mRNAs of different sequences can be generated from a single gene.
What is epigenetics?
Functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence.
What is DNA methylation?
Covalent modification of DNA by addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues.
Are epigenetic changes heritable?
Yes, some epigenetic changes can be passed to offspring.
How can epigenetic changes alter gene expression?
Epigenetic changes can alter patterns of gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
What is the benefit of comparing genomes from different species?
Provides insight into phenotypic differences.
What is personalized medicine?
Medical treatment tailored to an individual’s genetic makeup.
What is genetic manipulation?
The alteration of an organism’s genetic material.
What are GMO crops?
Crops that have been genetically modified to exhibit desirable traits.
What are low fat pigs?
Pigs that have been genetically modified to have less fat.
What can cause our genetic material to be covalently modified
Environmental factors
