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Anatomy > Module 4D: Appendicular lower > Flashcards

Module 4D: Appendicular lower Flashcards

1
Q

How many lower limbs muscles are there in the pelvic area?

A

2

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2
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lower limbs pelvic area?

A
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus
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3
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Psoas Major?

A

O: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of femur

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4
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Iliacus?

A

O: iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter of femur

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5
Q

What is the combined name of the psoas major and iliacus muscles together?

A

ilipsoas muscle

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6
Q

Where is the psoas major found?

A

deep to quadratus lumborum

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7
Q

True or False
The psoas major and iliacus are the most powerful flexors of the thigh

A

True

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8
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

A

O: crest of ilium (lateral aspect)

I: iliotibial band (to knee)

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9
Q

What is the Fascia Lata?

A

a thick layer of deep fascia in the thigh and gluteal region

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10
Q

What is the iliotibial band/tract (IT band)

A

thickening of fascia lata on lateral side of thigh for tract/band

  • muscles insert into tract
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11
Q

How many gluteal muscles are there?

A

3

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12
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the gluteal region?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus minimus
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13
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gluteus maximus?

A

O: sacrum, gluteal surface of ilium

I: gluteal tuberosity of femur 1/4, iliotibial band 3/4

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14
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gluteus medius?

A

O: gluteal surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

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15
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gluteus minimus?

A

O: gluteal surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

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16
Q

True or False
All gluteal muscles are important in stabilizing hips during walking/running

A

True

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17
Q

True or False
The gluteal muscles can be associated with an increased risk of lower back pain

A

True

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18
Q

How many muscles are there in the ANTERIOR thigh?

A

5

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19
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the ANTERIOR thigh?

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Rectus femoris
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Vastus intermedius
  5. Vastus lateralis
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20
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Sartorius muscle?

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: medial side of tibia

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21
Q

Which 4 muscles of the 5 anterior thigh muscles are part of the quadriceps femoris group?

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus intermedius
  4. Vastus lateralis
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22
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the rectus femoris? (RF)

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: patella

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23
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

O: medial aspect of femur

I: patella

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24
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

O: anterior surface of the femur

I: patella

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25
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

O: lateral aspect of femur

I: patella

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26
Q

How many muscles are there in the medial thigh?

A

5

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27
Q

What are the 5 muscles that make up the medial thigh?

A
  1. Adductor Magnus (AM)
  2. Adductor Longus (AL)
  3. Adductor Brevis (AB)
  4. Pectineus (P)
  5. Gracilis (G)
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28
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Adductor Longus?

A

O: pubis (near pubis symphysis)

I: linea aspera of femur

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29
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Adductor Magnus?

A

O: pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity

I: Posterior shaft of femur

30
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Adductor brevis?

A

O: pubis

I: upper 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

31
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Pectineus?

A

O: pubis

I: pectineal line (spiral line)
of femur

32
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gracilis?

A

O: pubis

I: medial side of tibia

33
Q

How many muscles are in the POSTERIOR thigh group? (Hamstring)

34
Q

What are the muscles that make up the hamstring?

A
  1. Biceps femoris (BF)
  2. Semitendinousus (ST)
  3. Semimembranosus (SM)
35
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Bicep Femoris muscle?

A

O:
- Long head: ischial tuberosity
- Short head: posterior lateral side of femur

I: head of the fibula

36
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Semitendinousus muscle?

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial side of tibia

37
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Semimembranosus muscle?

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial side of tibia

38
Q

What muscle is found on the posterior side of the knee?

39
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the popliteus muscle?

A

O: just above lateral femoral condyle

I: upper posterior surface of tibia

40
Q

What are the 3 general rules about the leg muscles?

A
  1. Posterior muscles primarily perform planter flexion
  2. Anterior muscles primarily perform dorsi flexion
  3. Lateral group muscles actions will depend on whether they insert on the top or the bottom of the foot
41
Q

How many muscles are part of the superficial posterior leg muscles?

42
Q

What are the 3 superficial POSTERIOR muscles?

A
  1. Gastroncnemius
  2. Plantaris
  3. Soleus
43
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gastroncnemius?

A

O: just above medial and lateral condyles of the femur

I: calcaneus via calcaneal/achillies tendon

44
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Plantaris?

A

O: just above lateral femoral condyles of the femur

I: calcaneus via calcaneal/achillies tendon

45
Q

Where is the plantaris found?

A

deep to the gastrocnemius

46
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Soleus?

A

O: posterior surface of fibula and tibia

I: calcaneus via calcaneal/achillies tendon

47
Q

Where is the soleus found?

A

deep to the gastrocnemius

48
Q

What are the 3 deep POSTERIOR muscles?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior (TP)
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)
49
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)?

A

O: posterior surface of tibia

I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits (2-5)

50
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)?

A

O: posterior inferior surface of fibula

I: a distal phalanx of the big toe (hallux, 1)

51
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Tibialis posterior (TP)?

A

O: posterior tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane

I: broad attachment on planter surface of foot

52
Q

What are the 4 Anterior muscles of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior (TA)
  2. Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)
  3. Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)
  4. Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius (FT)
53
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Tibialis anterior (TA)?

A

O: Anterior upper shaft of tibia

I: Base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform

54
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)?

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

I: dorsal expansion on lateral four toes (2-5)

55
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)?

A

O: Anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

I: Distal phalanx of big toe

56
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius (FT)?

A

O: Distal surface of fibula

I: Base of 5th metatarsals

57
Q

What are the 2 lateral muscles of the leg?

A
  1. Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
  2. Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
58
Q

What are the lateral leg muscles called?

A

ankle eversion muscles

59
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus?

A

O: lateral side of fibula

I: plantar surface of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

60
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis?

A

O: lateral shaft of fibular (inferior to attachment of FL)

I: base of 5th metatarsal

61
Q

Which 6 muscles will cause flexion of the thigh/hip?

A
  • biceps femoris (long head)
  • sartorius
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinous
62
Q

Which 13 muscles will cause extension of the thigh/hip?

A
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • rectus femoris
  • gracilis
  • popliteus
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus laterialis
  • gluteus maximus
  • pectinus
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
63
Q

Which muscle causes both trunk flexion and lateral trunk flexion?

A

psoas major

64
Q

Which 7 muscles cause knee flexion?

A
  • biceps femoris (short head)
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • gastrocnemius
  • planteris
65
Q

Which 4 muscles cause knee extension?

A
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus laterialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • rectus femoris
66
Q

Which 3 muscles cause lateral rotation of the thigh?

A
  • sartorius
  • gluteus maximus
  • popliteus
67
Q

Which 3 muscles cause hip ABdduction and medial rotation of the thigh?

A
  • tensor fascia latae
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimis
68
Q

Which 3 muscles cause hip ADDuction?

A
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • adductor brevis
  • gracilis
69
Q

Which 4 muscles cause dorsi flexion?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
70
Q

Which 8 muscles cause plantar flexion?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallcuis longus
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis

Anatomy (11 decks)

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