Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the Axial skeleton?
Head, neck and trunk
What are the two categories for bones in the skull?
- Cranium bones
- Facial bones
How many Cranium bones are there and what are they?
Eight Osseous Parts Form The Skull”
6
- frontal
- occipital
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- 2x parietal
- 2x temporal
How many Facial bones are there and what are they?
My mouth platate never liked zucchini in vinegar
8
- mandible
- vomer
- 2x maxilla
- 2x zygomatic
- 2x nasal
- 2x lacrimal
- 2x palatine
- 2x inferior nasal concha
What are the 8 general features of a vertebrae?
- vertebral body
- vertebral canal / foramina
- spinous process
- pedicle
- transverse process
- lamina
- inferior articular process
- superior articular process (facet)
What are the 6 features of the cervical 3-6?
- small vertebral body
- 1 foramina
- 2 transverse
- Bifid spinous process
- small transverse process
- no articular facets for ribs
What are the 4 features of Atlas C1?
- No vertebral body
- No spinous process
- lateral masses
- Posterior and anterior arch and tubercle
*provides nodding motion
What are the 3 features of Axis C2?
- Dense/odontoid process is present
- transverse ligament holds the atlas in place and allows rotation
- small transverse foramen
True of False
Theres no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2?
True
What are the 3 features of C7
- most inferior of the cervical vertebrae
- Single spinous process
- transverse foramina
What are the 7 features of the thoracic vertebrae
- larger vertebral body
- 1 vertebral foramina
- long spinous process
- large transverse process
- articular facets for ribs
- direction of superior articular facets is posterior lateral
- direction of the inferior articular facets is internal medial
What are the 7 bony features of the lumbar vertebrae?
- largest vertebral body
- 1 vertebral foramina
- Blunted spinous process
- mid sized transverse process
- NO articular facets for ribs
- direction for superior articular facets is medial
- direction for inferior articular facets is laterally
How many ribs are there total?
- 12 total ribs
How many floating ribs are there?
2
How many true ribs are there?
7
How many false ribs are there?
5
Where does the 7 true ribs attach?
- direct attachment to sternum via costal cartilage
Where does the 8 false ribs attach?
- indirectly attached to sternum via grouped costal cartilage
Where does the 2 floating ribs attach?
THEY DO NOT
The sternum divides into how many parts? and what are they?
- 3
- manubrium, body and xiphoid process
What are the 6 parts of the sternum?
- suprasternal notch /jugular notch
- clavicular notch
manubrium - sternal angle
- body
- xiphoid process
How many bones and landmarks are there in the sacrum?
11
What are the 4 bones and landmarks in the anterior of the sacrum?
AAAB
- base of sacrum
- anterior sacral promontory
- anterior sacral foramen
- apex of sacrum
What are the 5 things the bones of the skull do?
- forms the frameworks of our face
- contains cavities for special sense organs like taste, small and sight
- provides opening for airway and food passage
- secures the teeth
- anchors the muscles of facial expressions
In the anterior view of the skull which bones can we NOT see clearly?
- occipital bone
- palatine bone
In the anterior view of the skull which 12 bones can we see clearly?
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- sphenoid bone
- nasal bone
- ethmoid bone
- lacrimal bone
- zygomatic bone
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha
- vomer
- mandible
In the sagittal view what are the 3 new bones/characteristics can we see in the skull?
- the zygomatic arch (where the temporal bone and zygomatic bone attach)
- occipital bone
- mastoid process (just behind the ear)
Where do the ribs attach?
- they attach posteriorly to the vertebral column and anteriorly to the sternum or nothing
In the sagittal view what 3 sutures can we see in the skull?
- coronal suture (divides frontal bones from parietal bones)
- squamous suture (divides temporal bone from parietal bone on left and right side of the skull)
- lambdoid suture (divides the 2 parietal bones from the occipital bone)
In the superior view what suture can we see?
- sagittal suture (joins the two parietal bones)
True or False
The coronal and sagittal sutures do not fully close till you are about 1 years old?
true
What are the 5 landmarks in the skull from the posteroinferior view?
- mastoid process
- superior nuchal line
- inferior nuchal line
- external occipital protuberance
- hard palate: horizontal plate of palatine bone and palatine process of maxilla
What can we clearly see in the inferior view of the skull? (5)
- sphenoid bone
- zygomatic arches
- volmer
- palatine bone
- foramen magnum (opening where spinal cord leaves the skull)
How many different vertebrae do we have?
33
How many different discs do we have
23
How many cervical vertebrae do we have?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae do we have?
5
How many sacral vertebrae do we have?
5 fused
How many coccygeal vertebrae do we have?
4 fused
What are zygoapophyseal joints?
- the facet joints
- two vertebrae
- the intervertebral disc
what are the four parts of the intervertebral discs?
- Anulus fibrosus
- rings of fibrocartilage and collagen
- they help with weight distribution and flexibility in the spine
- form a barrier between the nucleus pulposus - Nucleus pulposus
- good elasticity
- transmits loads to the bones - End plates
- superior and inferior end plate
- made of fibrocartilage
- contain nucleus pulposus
What are the 7 bones and landmarks on the posterior side of the sacrum?
- sacrum canal
- sacral tuberosity
- auricular surface
- lateral sacral crest
- posterior sacral foramen
- superior articular facet
- sacral hiatus
